歸化翻譯與異化翻譯

1、Foreignizing Translation and Domesticating Translation 異化翻譯與歸化翻譯異化翻譯與歸化翻譯 German scholar Friedrick Schleiermacher The translator can either leave the writer in peace as much as possible and bring the reader to him ,or he can leave the reader in peace as much as possible and bring the writer to hime.

2、 (1813) Schleiermacher claimed : Translations from different languages into German should read and sound different :the reader should be able to ,guess the Spanish behind a translation from Spanish ,and the Greek behind a translation from Greek DT is a translation strategy in which a transparent, fl

3、uent style is adopted in order to minimize the strangeness of the foreign texts for target language readers. FT is a type of translation in which a target text “deliberately ” breaks target conventions by retaining something of the foreignness of the original.Italian-origined American scholar Lawren

4、ce Venuti“The Translators Invisibility ” Literal translation refers to either a strategy or a product. It focuses on the reproduction of both the form and meaning of the ST although the form sometimes does not conform to the target language usage. Word-for-word, or verbatim translation, is a special

5、 case of literal translation. The corresponding act is labeled “translate literally or directly or verbatim”. The result of the act is a literal translation. The translator who advocates it is a literalist. Their thought or perception of translation is literalism. Its opposite is free translation. A

6、 literal translation is a foreignizing translation in cases where source and target language and culture systems conflict with each other. Free translation, also called liberal translation, refers to either a strategy or a product. It focuses on the reproduction of the ST meaning rather than its for

7、m. The corresponding act is labeled “free-translate” or “free-hand”. The result of the act is a free translation. The translator who advocates it is a liberalist or a free-hander. Their thought or perception of translation is liberalism. Its opposite is literal translation. A free translation can be

8、 either a domesticating translation, or a foreignizing translation or neither of them. If it retains the foreign flavor, it is a foreignizing translation. If it loses the exotic flavor and is biased toward the target language-culture, it is a domesticating translation. If it loses the original flavo

9、r and is not biased toward the target side, it is neither of them. FT & literal translation FT mainly deals with cultural translation.LT is a strategy of translation DT / free translation Omission ,amplification & inversion sometimes are considered as strategies of DT or FT 語(yǔ)言層次上的歸化語(yǔ)言層次上的歸化

10、assimilation /adaptation 語(yǔ)言層次上的異化語(yǔ)言層次上的異化 alienation e.g.: lie on ones back close the door behind you 調(diào)整語(yǔ)序調(diào)整語(yǔ)序, 以以TL來(lái)調(diào)整行文來(lái)調(diào)整行文 保留本來(lái)面目保留本來(lái)面目 文化層面上的歸化文化層面上的歸化/異化異化British scholar Mona Backer: 原文的文化價(jià)值原文的文化價(jià)值觀念是否發(fā)生變化觀念是否發(fā)生變化, 變化了的是變化了的是DT , 沒(méi)變的沒(méi)變的FT.e.g. individualism 個(gè)人主義個(gè)人主義 (DT) 東風(fēng)壓倒西風(fēng)東風(fēng)壓倒西風(fēng). The rev

11、olutionary force prevails over the reactionary force.文化翻譯策略上的歸化文化翻譯策略上的歸化/異化異化e.g. the Sign of Four 四簽名四簽名(譯者為福爾摩斯注譯者為福爾摩斯注射嗎啡杜撰有病的借口射嗎啡杜撰有病的借口) 文化詞語(yǔ)的直譯文化詞語(yǔ)的直譯-FT 文化詞語(yǔ)的意譯文化詞語(yǔ)的意譯-DTe.g.: DT E to C 以漢語(yǔ)為準(zhǔn)以漢語(yǔ)為準(zhǔn)lead a dogs life 過(guò)著牛馬不如的生活過(guò)著牛馬不如的生活Jack of all trades 三腳貓三腳貓 ，萬(wàn)金油，萬(wàn)金油Every dog has his day. 風(fēng)水

12、輪流轉(zhuǎn)。風(fēng)水輪流轉(zhuǎn)。C to E 以英語(yǔ)為準(zhǔn)以英語(yǔ)為準(zhǔn)the four tigers of Asia 亞洲四小龍亞洲四小龍like a donkey in a lions hide 狐假虎威狐假虎威like a hot knife cutting through the butter 勢(shì)如勢(shì)如破竹破竹 FT E to C e.g. black horse 黑馬黑馬 ivory tower 象牙塔象牙塔 C to E 餛飩餛飩 wonton; be like splitting bamboo 勢(shì)如破竹勢(shì)如破竹Henry Fok 霍英東霍英東原文原文： 溫哥華（溫哥華（Vancouver）的輝煌是

13、溫哥華人）的輝煌是溫哥華人智慧和勤奮的結(jié)晶，其中包括多民族的智慧和勤奮的結(jié)晶，其中包括多民族的貢獻(xiàn)。加拿大地廣人稀，國(guó)土面積比中貢獻(xiàn)。加拿大地廣人稀，國(guó)土面積比中國(guó)還大，人口卻不足國(guó)還大，人口卻不足3000萬(wàn)。吸收外來(lái)萬(wàn)。吸收外來(lái)移民，是加拿大長(zhǎng)期奉行的國(guó)策。可以移民，是加拿大長(zhǎng)期奉行的國(guó)策?？梢哉f(shuō)，加拿大除了印第安人外，說(shuō)，加拿大除了印第安人外， 無(wú)一不是外來(lái)移民，不同的只是時(shí)間長(zhǎng)無(wú)一不是外來(lái)移民，不同的只是時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短而已。溫哥華則更是世界上屈指可數(shù)短而已。溫哥華則更是世界上屈指可數(shù)的多民族城市。現(xiàn)今的多民族城市?，F(xiàn)今180萬(wàn)溫哥華居民中，萬(wàn)溫哥華居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每有一半不是在

14、本地出生的，每4個(gè)居民中個(gè)居民中就有一個(gè)是亞洲人。而就有一個(gè)是亞洲人。而25萬(wàn)華人對(duì)溫哥萬(wàn)華人對(duì)溫哥華的經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型起著決定性的作用。他們?nèi)A的經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型起著決定性的作用。他們其中有一半是近其中有一半是近5年才來(lái)到溫哥華地區(qū)的，年才來(lái)到溫哥華地區(qū)的，使溫哥華成為亞洲以外最大的中國(guó)人聚使溫哥華成為亞洲以外最大的中國(guó)人聚居地。居地。參考譯文參考譯文： The glory of Vancouver has been achieved through the wisdom and the industry of the Vancouver people, including the contributions

15、 of many ethnic groups. Canada, sparsely populated, has a territory larger than that of China, but its population is only less than 30 million. Consequently, to attracting immigrants from other countries has become a national policy long practiced/followed/cherished by Canada. All Canadians except t

16、he American Indians, so to speak, are foreign immigrants, differing only in the length of time they have settled in Canada. Vancouver, in particular, is one of the few most celebrated multi-ethnic cities in the world. Among the 1.8 million Vancouver residents, half of them are non-natives and one ou

17、t of every four residents is from Asia. The 250,000 Chinese there have played a decisive role in the transformation of Vancouvers economy. Half of them have come to settle in Vancouver over the past five years only, rendering Vancouver the largest area outside Asia where the Chinese inhabit.1、“加拿大地廣人稀，國(guó)土面積比中國(guó)還加拿大地廣人稀，國(guó)土面積比中國(guó)還大，人口卻不足大，人口卻不足3000萬(wàn)萬(wàn) ” 參考譯文：參考譯文：Canada, sparsely populated, has a territory larger than that of China, but