被動(dòng)語態(tài) (6)

1、一：英語的謂語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)一：英語的謂語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)We speak English.主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語English is spoken by us.主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語賓變主賓變主,主變賓主變賓,前加前加by動(dòng)變被動(dòng)變被,看清看清be, 結(jié)構(gòu)分別結(jié)構(gòu)分別be+ pp主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)基本用法：被動(dòng)語態(tài)基本用法：當(dāng)句子的主語是動(dòng)作的當(dāng)句子的主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者執(zhí)行者時(shí)，謂語的形式是時(shí)，謂語的形式是主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)。當(dāng)句子的主語是動(dòng)作的當(dāng)句子的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者承受者時(shí)，謂語要用時(shí)，謂語要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞語態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be+過去分詞過去

2、分詞構(gòu)構(gòu)成，時(shí)態(tài)通過成，時(shí)態(tài)通過be表現(xiàn)出來。表現(xiàn)出來。Football is played all over the world My bike was stolen我的自行車被盜了。我的自行車被盜了。 一、行為主體不明確，不必說出或者無法說一、行為主體不明確，不必說出或者無法說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。例如：出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。例如：二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。例如：行者時(shí)。例如：被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法 三、漢語中含有三、漢語中含有“據(jù)說據(jù)說”、“據(jù)悉據(jù)悉”、“據(jù)報(bào)據(jù)報(bào)道道”、“大大 家說家說”等時(shí)。例如：等時(shí)。例如： It is sai

3、d that one day he climbed to the top of a house . It was reported that her mother died of SARS(非典非典). 眾所周知眾所周知 It is well known that 例如：例如： It is well known that Yao Ming is a basketball player. 據(jù)推測(cè)據(jù)推測(cè) It is supposed that 例如：例如： It is supposed that it will rain tomorrow.四、漢語中含有四、漢語中含有“被被”、“由由”等詞時(shí)。例如

4、：等詞時(shí)。例如： Tina is asked to come by Paul （Tina是是被被Paul叫來的叫來的.）五、某些句子習(xí)慣上用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如：五、某些句子習(xí)慣上用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如： He was born in October，1989 主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)解題步驟主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)解題步驟:1. 找賓語找賓語 -即動(dòng)作的承受者即動(dòng)作的承受者They make shoes in that factory. Shoes2. 判斷賓語的單復(fù)數(shù)判斷賓語的單復(fù)數(shù) -即即be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù).arewere3. 判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) -即即be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài).4. 修改謂語的時(shí)態(tài)修改謂語

5、的時(shí)態(tài) -即原句動(dòng)詞改為過去分詞即原句動(dòng)詞改為過去分詞 made5. 修改原句的主語修改原句的主語 -即即by+ 主語主語/ 賓語賓語. by them. Tom broke the window. The window was broken by Tom. Tom broke the windows. The windows were broken by Tom. He broke the windows. The windows were broken by him. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： am / is / are done一般過去時(shí)：一般過去時(shí)： was / were done現(xiàn)在

6、進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： am / is / are being done過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)： was / were being done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： have / has been done過去完成時(shí)：過去完成時(shí)： had been done一般將來時(shí)：一般將來時(shí)： shall / will be done ; be going to be done當(dāng)句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)為當(dāng)句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)為 can / must / have tobe done1.They make shoes in that factory.主語主語+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+賓語賓語Shoes

7、 are made (by them) in that factory.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is /are +done2. They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.一般過去時(shí)：一般過去時(shí)：was/were + done4Aby can take good care of Tina Tina can be taken good care of by Aby.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：can/may/must/should + be + done“We must put

8、them in the fridge.”The dogs thought .3.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般將來時(shí)：一般將來時(shí)：will + be + doneSome workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are + being +doneWe have made twenty more

9、keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has + been+done1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month. are usedarecleaned(變被動(dòng)語態(tài)）變被動(dòng)語態(tài)）七嘴八舌3.I fou

10、nd the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told3. We found the ticket on the floor .5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers

11、 to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them. was made to have can be used7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamp

12、s.1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _. we were given were given to us10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory. was asked is done12.He can me

13、nd the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day. can be mended must be taken14.The students in this school study German.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this

14、 question often _ about _ _? is studiedIs talked by themAnswer right or wrong 1.必須照看好孩子們。必須照看好孩子們。 The children must be taken good care .( ) The children must be taken good care of .( ) 2.這本書是魯迅寫的。這本書是魯迅寫的。 This book was wrote by Lu Xun.( ) This book was written by Lu Xun.( ) 3.昨天那支筆是他給我的。昨天那支筆是他給我的

15、。 That pencil was given me by him yesterday.( ) That pencil was given to me by him yesterday.( )WRWRWR 4.這輛自行車能修嗎？這輛自行車能修嗎？ Can this bike mended?( ) Can this bike be mended?( ) 5.街道已由他們清理了。街道已由他們清理了。 The street has been cleaned by they.( ) The street has been cleaned by them.( )WRWR帶復(fù)合賓語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)帶復(fù)合賓語

16、的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)（）（）make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth.Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.watch let havehear see notice(2) see sb. doing sth. sb. be seen doing sth.I saw him playing football at that moment.He was seen playing football at that mom

17、ent.hear / watch /.We often hear them sing this song.They are often heard to sing this song (by us).This song is often heard (by us) to be sung (by them).Bob sent Kate a letter last year.=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.tell ask bring write give te

18、ach pass lendtoHe told Jim a story.Mum made me a new dress.I was made a new dress by Mum.A new dress was made for me by Mum.make buy drawforI bought my brother a book.注意注意:約翰打開了收音機(jī)。約翰打開了收音機(jī)。John turned on the radio.The radio was turned on.奶奶照看我姐姐。奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandma takes care of my sister.My sister is

19、taken care of by Grandma.注：千萬不要遺漏介詞或副詞。注：千萬不要遺漏介詞或副詞。We must speak to old people politely.Old people must be spoken to politely.They said that he would come back soon.It was said that he would come back soon.類似的還有：類似的還有：It is reported / believed / hoped / supposed that .We report 1). 不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。不及物

20、動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 如：如：belong, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, 等。等。 * Great changes have taken place in this city. * That bike doesnt belong to Mike. 2) 表示靜態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示靜態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)have / fitI have a TV set.The coat fits me well.3）祈使句一般沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。祈使句一般沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)?！菊菊縇ook a

21、t the blackboard，please 【誤【誤】The blackboard is looked at by you 4. 系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)：以主動(dòng)形式表系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)：以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)之意示被動(dòng)之意 這魚味道很好。這魚味道很好。這條圍巾摸上去很軟。這條圍巾摸上去很軟。The fish tastes good.The scarf feels soft.5.反身代詞在句中作賓語時(shí)，不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如：反身代詞在句中作賓語時(shí)，不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如： 【正【正】You must look after yourself 【誤【誤】Yourself must be looked afte

22、r 6. 不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞sell, wash, read , write, open, close, shut, lock, wear等，常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。等，常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 這書很好賣。這書很好賣。這種布很好洗。這種布很好洗。The book sells well.This kind of cloth washes very well.這書賣完了。這書賣完了。The book is sold out.Did he finish the work yesterday?Were the books taken away by the girl?Did the girl take away the books?Was the window broken by Tom? _ To