主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專題練習(xí)

1、. . . .主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專題練習(xí)一、將下列主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1. Teachers must take good care of the student.2. Was another man-made satellite sent up into the space by them last week.3. People plant many trees on either side of the street each year.4. Li Lei mended the bike.5. A famous American writer wrote the book Red S

2、tar Over China years ago.6. Two years ago we used that machine to make shoes for children.7. Ken is often heard to apologize to his teacher.8. People there didnt plant any trees last year.9. We call him David.10. We will plant some trees in the garden this year.11. Do young people usually listen to

3、pop music?12. We should help the disabled people.13. Jenny showed me the picture.14. My mother gave me a dictionary as a birthday present.學(xué)習(xí)參考. . . .15. We heard Jim playing the guitar in his room.二、單項(xiàng)選擇1. Today, the forests have almost gone. People must _ down too many trees.A. stop to cut B. stop

4、from cuttingC. be kept cutting D. be stopped from cutting2. He _ in the classroom just now. He _ be there now.A. heard to sing;may B. was heard sing; must C. heard sing; must D. was heardto sing; may3. -I want to teach in this area.-Well, teachers _ very much here.A. need B. are needing C. are neede

5、d D. will need4. A report says hundreds of thousands of trees _ in the Amzaon rainforestlast year.A. was cut down B. have been cut down C. were cut down D. has beencut down5. -What about the pen you bought yesterday?-It _ well. I like it very well.A. was written B. is written C. wrote D. Writes6. -S

6、ixteen-year-olds _ to drive.-I agree. They arent serious enough at that age.A. shouldnt be allowed B. shouldnt allow C. dont allow D. areallowed not7. The village is building a school. I hope it _ before August this year.A. Finishes B. will finish C. is finished D. will be finished學(xué)習(xí)參考. . . .【形容詞】形容

7、詞修飾名詞， 說(shuō)明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。 通常， 可將形容詞分成性質(zhì)形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類，其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。1）直接說(shuō)明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞，它有級(jí)的變化，可以用程度副詞修飾，在句中可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。例如： hot 。2）敘述形容詞只能作表語(yǔ)， 所以又稱為表語(yǔ)形容詞。 這類形容詞沒(méi)有級(jí)的變化，也不可用程度副詞修飾。 大多數(shù)以 a 開(kāi)頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。 例如：afraid害怕的。按其結(jié)構(gòu)， 可分為單個(gè)形容詞和復(fù)合形容詞。 前者由一個(gè)單詞 （如 good, short,happy）構(gòu)成，而后者則由兩個(gè)以上的單詞（如 well-known, kind-heart

8、ed,five-year-old ）構(gòu)成。二、形容詞的種類1. 品質(zhì)形容詞 英語(yǔ)中大量形容詞屬于這一類， 他們表示人或物的品質(zhì)， 如：H es the happiest man on earth. 他是地球上最快樂(lè)的人。The play was boring. 那出戲很枯燥乏味。You have an honest face. 你有一張誠(chéng)實(shí)的臉。這類形容詞一般都能用于比較級(jí)，如 bigger, simpler, younger.2. 類屬形容詞 這類形容詞表示屬于哪一類，如：These subjects reflect our daily lives. 這些題材反映我們的日常生活。This m

9、edicine is for external use only. 此藥僅供外用。這類形容詞一般都不能用于比較級(jí)。3. 顏色形容詞 有少數(shù)表示顏色的形容詞，如：His face went purple with rage. 他的臉氣得發(fā)青。She had on a blue coat. 她穿了一件藍(lán)色的外套。Carrots are orange. 胡蘿卜是 橘紅色的。這類詞前面還可加 light, pale, dark, deep, bright 等詞，如：light brown hair 淡藍(lán)色頭發(fā) a pale green dress 淡綠色裙服學(xué)習(xí)參考. . . .a deep blue

10、 skirt 深藍(lán)色的裙子 a dark grey suit 深灰色的套服4. 強(qiáng)調(diào)形容詞 有些形容詞起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，如：It s an utter mystery. 這完全是個(gè)謎。I have perfect trust in his judgement. 我絕對(duì)信任他的判斷力。5. -ing 形容詞1）有大量現(xiàn)在分詞正在或已經(jīng)變?yōu)樾稳菰~，如：It was a tiring journey. 這真是一趟累人的旅行。This is a convincing argument. 這是個(gè)有說(shuō)服力的論據(jù)。這樣的形容詞多由及物動(dòng)詞變來(lái)。 有很多也是品質(zhì)形容詞， 有時(shí)可用于最高級(jí) （如most amazin

11、g, most disappointing ）。2）還有一些形容詞和不及物動(dòng)詞有關(guān)，如：We hope to lessen the existing tension. 我們希望緩解目前的緊張局勢(shì)。H es one of the greatest living composers. 他是當(dāng)今最偉大的作曲家之一。這類形容詞只能作定語(yǔ)，不能用于比較級(jí)。3） 還有一些-ing 形容詞并不與動(dòng)詞有關(guān)，如：neighbouring cities 鄰近的城市 a cunning trick 狡猾的計(jì)謀6. ed形容詞1）大多數(shù)-ed 形容詞都與及物動(dòng)詞有關(guān)，是由它們的過(guò)去分詞變過(guò)來(lái)的，一般有被動(dòng)意義，多數(shù)為

12、品質(zhì)形容詞，如：She looked embarrassed. 他好象很尷尬。These people are from distressed areas. 這些人來(lái)自貧苦地區(qū)。I felt depressed. 我感到很沮喪。2） 有些-ed 形容詞可說(shuō)是類屬形容詞，也由動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞變來(lái)，但不能用于比較級(jí)，如：You have to pass the required examination to become a doctor. 你需要通過(guò)規(guī)定的考試才能成為醫(yī)生。學(xué)習(xí)參考. . . .She is a trained nurse. 她是一個(gè)受過(guò)訓(xùn)練的護(hù)士。3）有少數(shù)-ed 形容詞，不是由

13、動(dòng)詞，而是由名詞變來(lái)的：skilled workers 技術(shù)工人 salaried class 工薪階層a flowered headscarf 印花頭巾還有少數(shù) -ed 形容詞，和動(dòng)詞名詞都沒(méi)有關(guān)系：beloved leaders 受愛(ài)戴的領(lǐng)導(dǎo) his deceased aunt 他死去的姨4） 有些-ed 的形容詞包含有副詞：a well-equipped army 一支裝備精良的部隊(duì) a well-knownmusician 著名的音樂(lè)家7. 合成形容詞1）形容詞在英語(yǔ)中是比較普遍的，最常見(jiàn)的有：a. 形容詞+名詞+ed: good-natured 天性善良的b. 副詞+過(guò)去分詞： lo

14、w-paid 工資很低的c. 形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞： easy-going 好說(shuō)話的d. 副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞： low-lying 低洼的e. 名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞： heart-breaking 令人心碎的f. 形容詞+名詞： present-day 當(dāng)代的2）還有一些其他類型的合成形容詞，如：a two-piece suit 兩件套的西服all-out attempt 全力以赴的努力take-home pay 扣稅后的實(shí)得工資3）還有一些三個(gè)或更多詞構(gòu)成的和成形容詞，如：wait-and-see policy 觀望政策 heart-to-heart talk 推心置腹的談話an out-of-the-w

15、ay place 偏 僻 之地 an-out-of-date drivinglicense 過(guò)期駕照三、形容詞的用法和在句中的位置1. 形容詞在句中主要可用作：學(xué)習(xí)參考. . . .1）定語(yǔ)：What a fine day! 多好的天氣！He is a self-made man. 他是個(gè)自學(xué)成材的人。2）表語(yǔ)：The scene was horrifying. 這景象很恐怖。I am getting bored and homesick. 我感到有些厭煩想家。His comments were well-meant. 他說(shuō)這些都是出于好心。3）賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（構(gòu)成合成賓語(yǔ)） ：I find th

16、is hot weather very trying. 我感到這種炎熱天氣很難受。Do you think it necessary? 你認(rèn)為這有必要嗎？4）狀語(yǔ)：She was back, eager to see her friends. 她回來(lái)了，極想見(jiàn)她的朋友們。She gave him the overcoat, anxious to be of service. 她把大衣拿給他，極愿為他服務(wù)。He arrived home, hungry and tired. 他又餓又累的回到家里。2. 形容詞在句中的位置有的形容詞放在被修飾的名詞之前， 稱為前置形容詞； 少數(shù)形容詞放在被修飾的名

17、詞之后，稱為后置形容詞。1）當(dāng)名詞被多個(gè)前置形容詞修飾時(shí)，形容詞之間有一個(gè)先后順序問(wèn)題。一般規(guī)則為：（限定詞）一般描繪性形容詞表示大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低的形容詞表示年齡、新舊的形容詞表示國(guó)籍、 地區(qū)、出處的形容詞表示物質(zhì)、 材料的形容詞 （名詞）。 用一句話來(lái)說(shuō)就是“美小圓舊黃，法國(guó)木書(shū)屋”。如：There is a famous fine old stone bridge near the village.村子附近有一座著名的漂亮的古代石橋。I bought a cheap blue plastic pencil box yesterday.昨天我買了一個(gè)便宜的藍(lán)色塑料鉛筆盒They have g

18、ot such a round brown wooden table.他們有一張褐色的木制圓桌。學(xué)習(xí)參考. . . .2）當(dāng)形容詞詞組相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，或形容詞用來(lái)修飾 somebody,something, anything, nothing 等的時(shí)候，便會(huì)出現(xiàn)后置形容詞。如：The boy (who is) interested in music is my brother.對(duì)音樂(lè)趕興趣的那個(gè)男孩是我弟弟。Guilin is a city (which is) famous for its scenery.桂林是一個(gè)以風(fēng)景聞名的城市。Do you have anything inter

19、esting to tell us?你有什么趣聞告訴我們嗎？There is nothing wrong with the machine.這臺(tái)機(jī)器沒(méi)有毛病。四、形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)1. 形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成1）單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成情況 構(gòu)成方式 原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)一般情況 加 -er 或 new newer newest-estlong longer longest以 e 結(jié)尾 加-r 或-st fine finer finest的詞late later latest以 “ 輔 音 變 y為 i 再 early earlier earliest+y” 結(jié)尾的

20、詞 加-er 或-esthappy happier happiest重 讀 閉 音 先 雙 寫(xiě) 輔 hot hotter hottest節(jié)的詞末尾只音字母，再加thin thinner thinnest 有一個(gè) 輔音 字-er 或-est母fat fatter fattest2) 多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在其前面加 more或 most 。如：學(xué)習(xí)參考. . . .原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)useful more useful most usefuldifficult more difficult most difficultdelicious more delicious most deliciou

21、s3) 有幾個(gè)形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)屬于不規(guī)則變化。原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)good/well better bestbad/ill worse worstmany/much more mostlittle less leastfar further furthestfarther farthestold older oldestelder eldest2. 形容詞比較級(jí)的用法1）形容詞的比較級(jí)可以單獨(dú)使用：Be more careful next time. 下次小心點(diǎn)。It was quieter outside. 外面安靜點(diǎn)了。It couldn t be easier. 不能再容易了。Th

22、is car is more expensive. 這輛車比較貴。Who is taller? 誰(shuí)高一點(diǎn)？Which book is better? 哪本書(shū)更好？2）也可以和 than 連用，表示兩者相比， than 后可以跟：a. 名詞或代詞（若為人稱代詞，在口語(yǔ)中多用賓格）：He is older than me. 他年齡比我大。Tokyo is bigger than New York. 東京比紐約大。b. 動(dòng)名詞：Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比滑冰更刺激。學(xué)習(xí)參考. . . .This is more interesting than

23、 sitting in an office. 這比坐辦公室更有意思。c. 從句：I was a better singer than he was. 我唱歌比他好。He is stronger than I expected. 他比我預(yù)料的更健壯。d. 狀語(yǔ)：She felt worse than usual. 她感到比平時(shí)更難受。He is busier than ever. 他比過(guò)去更忙了。e. 跟其它成分（如動(dòng)詞、形容詞等）：It s better to be prepared than unprepared. 有準(zhǔn)備比沒(méi)準(zhǔn)備好。She was more surprised than a

24、ngry. 她吃驚甚于生氣。He was more lucky than clever. 他是運(yùn)氣好，而不是聰明。3. 形容詞比較級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)1）形容詞比較級(jí)前可加 much, a lot, a bit, a little, slightly 之類表示程度的狀語(yǔ)：H es feeling a lot better today. 他感到今天好多了。Shes a little bit better now. 她現(xiàn)在稍稍好點(diǎn)了。It s slightly warmer today. 今天稍微暖和一點(diǎn)。2）也可在比較級(jí)前 any, no, some, even, still 這類詞：Do you fee

25、l any better today? 你今天感覺(jué)好一點(diǎn)了嗎？She was no older than Qilla. 他并不比齊拉大。This book is even more useful than that. 這本書(shū)甚至比那本書(shū)更有用。3）比較級(jí)前還可加其他表示數(shù)量的詞：Shall I get a couple more chairs? 我要不要再搬兩把椅子來(lái)？My sister is ten years younger than me. 我妹妹比我小十歲。Youre a head taller than Jane. 你比簡(jiǎn)高一個(gè)頭。4. 形容詞比較級(jí)的特殊用法學(xué)習(xí)參考. . . .和

26、 more有關(guān)的詞組1） the more the more 越就越。例如：The harder you work ，the greater progress you'll make. 越努力，進(jìn)步越大。2） more B than A=less A than B 與其說(shuō) A不如說(shuō) B。例如：He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slowthan lazy at his work. 他工作時(shí)，與其說(shuō)是反應(yīng)慢不如說(shuō)是懶。3） no more than 與一樣，不比多。例如：The officials could see n

27、o more than the Emperor. 官員們看到的和皇帝一樣多。no less than 與一樣。例如：He is no less diligent than you. 他和你一樣勤勉。4） more than 不只是，非常。例如：She is more than kind to us all. 她對(duì)我們非常熱心。和 less 有關(guān)的詞組5) less than 不到 不太：In less than a week, the MS was ready. 不到一周稿子就準(zhǔn)備好了。6）no less than 多達(dá) 不少于He won no less than $5oo. 他贏了不少于

28、500美圓。No less than 2 million people came. 至少來(lái)了 2 百萬(wàn)人。7) more or less 基本上 大體上 大約The work is more or less finished. 這項(xiàng)工作基本上完成了。The answers were more or less right. 這些回答大體上是正確的。另外， 還有 as + 形容詞或副詞原級(jí) + as8) 在否定句或疑問(wèn)句中可用 so as 。例如：He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他沒(méi)你跑得快。9) 當(dāng) as as 中間有名詞時(shí)采用以下格式： as +形容詞+ a

29、+單數(shù)名詞 / as+ many/much +名詞。例如：學(xué)習(xí)參考. . . .This is as good an example as the other is. 這個(gè)例子和另外一個(gè)一樣好。I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少紙，我也能。10)表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在 as 的前面。例如：This room is twice as big as that one. 這房間的面積是那間的兩倍。Your room is the same size as mine. 你的房間和我的一樣大。11）倍數(shù)+ as + adj. + a

30、s <=> 倍數(shù)+ the + of 。例如：This bridge is three times as long as that one. 這座橋的長(zhǎng)度是那座的三倍。This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房間是我的兩倍大。Your room is twice the size of mine.5. 形容詞最高級(jí)用法the + 最高級(jí) + 比較范圍1）形容詞最高級(jí)前通常必須用定冠詞 the ，例如：The Sahara is the bigge

31、st desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。形容詞 most 前面沒(méi)有 the ，不表示最高級(jí)的含義，只表示 " 非常" 。例如：It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.這是個(gè)很重要的問(wèn)題。注意：使用最高級(jí)要注意將主語(yǔ)包括在比較范圍內(nèi)。（錯(cuò)） Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.（對(duì)） Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2） 下列詞可修飾最高級(jí)， by far,

32、 far, much, mostly, almost 。例如：This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 這帽子差不多是最大的了。注意：a. very 可修飾最高級(jí)，但位置與 much不同。This is the very best.學(xué)習(xí)參考. . . .This is much the best.b. 序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級(jí)。例如：Africa is the second largest continent. 非洲是第二大洲。3） 最高級(jí)的意義有時(shí)可以用比較級(jí)表示出來(lái)。例如：Mike is the most intelligent in his clas

33、s. 馬克是班上最聰明的。Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.4）" 否定詞語(yǔ)+比較級(jí)"，" 否定詞語(yǔ)+ so as" 結(jié)構(gòu)也可以表示最高級(jí)含義。例如：Nothing is so easy as this. 沒(méi)比這更簡(jiǎn)單的了。=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.6. 形容詞最高級(jí)的特殊用法1）形容詞最高級(jí)可用作表語(yǔ)，這時(shí)定冠詞 the 可以省略。I think her plan is best

34、. 我認(rèn)為她的計(jì)劃最好。Cotton blankets are generally cheapest. 棉毛毯一般最便宜。2）形容詞最高級(jí)前可以加 a 或不加冠詞來(lái)表示 非常He has been most kind to me. 他對(duì)我非常好。We were all most anxious to go home. 我們都很想回家。3）形容詞最高級(jí)還可和 at 構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)，表示 處于最的狀態(tài)。The peony was at its brightest. 牡丹花正在盛開(kāi)。I knew she was at her worst. 我知道她這時(shí)情緒最糟。She was never at he

35、r best in the presence of her mother. 在她媽跟前她的表現(xiàn)從來(lái)不是最好的。4）形容詞最高級(jí)還可和 at 構(gòu)成許多短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)：He had been gone 15 minutes at the most. 他離開(kāi)頂多才一刻鐘。I ll be with you at latest by ten. 我最遲十點(diǎn)鐘就來(lái)陪你。【副詞】學(xué)習(xí)參考. . . .副詞主要用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)。一、時(shí)間副詞1. 常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間副詞常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間副詞有 now, then, soon, ago, recently, lately, later,finally, befor

36、e, early, today tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, suddenly,immediately, already, just 等。2. 時(shí)間副詞在句中的位置(1) 表確定時(shí)間的副詞 ( 如 today, yesterday 等) 通常位于句末，有時(shí)也位于句首：He went home yesterday. / Yesterday he went home. 他昨天回家了。而那些表示非確定時(shí)間的副詞 ( 如 soon, recently, suddenly 等) 除可用于句末或句首外，還可位于句中 ( 通常位于實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前，動(dòng)詞 be、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后

37、) ：He went to Paris recently. / He recently went to Paris. / Recentlyhe went to Paris. 最近他去了巴黎。(2) still, already, just 等幾個(gè)表示時(shí)間的副詞通常位于句中 ( 實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前，動(dòng)詞 be、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后 ) ：H es just left for school. 他剛剛?cè)W(xué)校。I have already finished my work. 我已經(jīng)做完了工作。當(dāng)要表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)， still 和 already 也可位于動(dòng)詞 be、助動(dòng)詞等之前：She was still st

38、ill was beautiful at the age of forty. 她到了 40歲仍然很美。I already have told him about it. 我已經(jīng)把情況告訴他了。still 若用于否定句，則總是位于助動(dòng)詞之前：I still don t understand what you mean. 我還是不明白你的意思。另外，still 和already 還可位于句末，表示驚奇：Are you on page one still? 你還在看第 1 頁(yè)？Is your mother back already? 你媽媽就已經(jīng)回來(lái)了？二、地點(diǎn)副詞學(xué)習(xí)參考. . . .1. 常見(jiàn)的

39、地點(diǎn)副詞常見(jiàn)的地點(diǎn)副詞有 here, there, up, down, away, nearby, home, ahead,abroad, indoors, overseas, halfway, upstairs, downstairs 等。2. 地點(diǎn)副詞在句中的位置地點(diǎn)副詞在句中通常位于句末或句首， 但從不位于主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間。 若有多個(gè)副詞排列，地點(diǎn)副詞通常位于方式副詞之后，時(shí)間副詞之前：Can you help to carry this table upstairs? 你能幫忙把桌子搬到樓上去嗎?The boy read quietly over there all afternoon.

40、 這男孩整個(gè)下午都在那兒靜靜地看書(shū)。三、方式副詞1. 方式副詞的特點(diǎn)方式副詞表示動(dòng)詞的行為方式，許多以 -ly 結(jié)構(gòu)的副詞都是方式副詞，如carefully, happily, quietly, heavily, warmly, correctly, politely,angrily 等。2. 方式副詞在句中的位置(1) 方式副詞通常位于動(dòng)詞 ( 及其賓語(yǔ) ) 之后：He read the letter slowly. 他從容不迫地看了那封信。方式副詞通常不位于動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間，除非動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)很長(zhǎng)：不可說(shuō)：We like very much it. ( 應(yīng)改為 We like it very much.)但可說(shuō)：We cou