專升本英語專項練習閱讀理解二

1、閱讀理解（2）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項TheTokyoMetroandToeiLinesFeatures:TheTokyoMetroandToeilinesthatcomposeTokyosmassivesubwaysystemcarryalmost8millionpeopleeachday,makingitthebusiestsystemintheworld.Thesystemisfamousforitsoshiya-literally,“pusher-whoshovepassengersintocrowdedsubwaycarssothedoor

2、scanclose.Andyouthinkyourcommuteishell.TheMoscowMetroFeatures:TheMoscowMetrohassomeofthemostbeautifulstationsintheworld.ThebestofthemwerebuiltduringtheStalinisteraandfeaturechandeliers（枝形吊燈）,marblemoldingsandelaboratemurals（精美的壁畫）.Withmorethan7millionridersaday,keepingallthatmarblecleanhasgottobeabu

3、rden.TheHongKongMetroFeatures:TheHongKongMTRhasthedistinctionofbeingoneofthefewsubwaysystemsintheworldthatactuallyturnsaprofit.Itprivatelyownedandusesrealestatedevelopmentalongitstrackstoincreaseincomeandridership.Italsointroduced“Octopuscardsthatallotonotonlypaytheirfareselectronically,butbuystuffa

4、tconveniencestores,supermarkets,restaurantsandevenparkingmeters.Itsthat95%ofalladultsinHongKongownanOctopuscard.ShanghaiMetroFeatures:ShanghaiisthethirdcityinChinatobuildametrosystem,andithasbecomethecountrylargestinthe12yearssinceitopened.ShanghaiMetrohas142milesoftrackandplanstoaddanother180milesw

5、ithinfiveyears.Bythatpoint,itwouldbethreetimeslargerthanChicagoL.Thesystemcarriesabout2.18millionpeopleaday.TheLondonMetroFeatures:LondonerscalltheirsubwaytheUnderground,eventhough55percentofitliesaboveground.Nomatterwhenyouvegottheoldestmass-transitsystemintheworld,youcancallitanythingyoulike.Train

6、sstartedin1863andtheyvebeenrunningeversince.Some3millionpeoplerideeachday,everyoneofthemrememberingto“Mindthe（AHerearesomeoftheworldsmostimpressivesubways.people1. Whichonecanprovidetheriderssomewonderfuldecorationsatthestations?A.TheTokyoMetroandToeiLinesB.TheMoscowMetroC.TheLondonMetroD.TheHongKon

7、gMTR2.isdonewiththepurposeofmakingmoney.A.TheTokyoMetroandToeiLinesB.TheMoscowMetroC.TheLondonMetroD.TheHongKongMTR3. WecanlearnfromthepassagethatShanghaiMetro.A. carriesthemostpeopleeachdayB. istheworldslargestC. maybelargerthantheChicagoLinthefutureD. isthebusiestintheworld4. Howmanysubwayscarrymo

8、rethan5millionpeopleperday?A.2B.3C.4D.5BArchaeology,likemanyacademicwords,comesfromGreekandmeans,moreorless,“thestudyofoldthings”.So,itisreallyapartofthestudyofhistory.However,mosthistoriansusepaperevidence,suchasletters,paintingsandphotographs,butarchaeologists（考古學家）learnfromtheobjectsleftbehindbyt

9、hehumansoflongago.Normally,thesearethehardmaterialsthatdontbreakdownordisappearveryquicklythingslikehumanbonesandobjectsmadefromstoneandmetal.Itisveryunusualtofindanythingmorethanthehardevidenceofhistorynormally,thebacteriaintheaireatawayatsoftmaterials,likebodies,clothesandthingsmadeofwood.Occasion

10、ally,thingsaredifferent.In1984,twomenmadeanamazingdiscoverywhileworkinginabogcalledLindowMoss,inthenorthofEngland.Abogisaverywetareaofearth,withalotofplantsgrowinginit.Itcanbelikeaverybigandverythickvegetablesoupwalkinthewrongplaceandyoucansinkanddisappearforever.Themenwereworkingwhenoneofthemsawsom

11、ethingstickingoutahumanfoot!Naturally,themencalledthepolice,whothenfoundtherestofthebody.Wasitacaseofmurder?Possiblybuyitwasadeathnearlytwothousandyearsold.ThetwomenhadfoundabodyfromthetimeoftheRomaninvasionofBritain.Despitebeingsoold,thisbodyhadskin,muscles,hairandinternalorgansthescientistswhoexam

12、inedhimwereabletolookinsidethemansstomachandfindthefoodthathehadeatenforhislastmeal!Whywasthismansowellpreserved?Itwasbecausehewasinaverywateryenvironment,safefromthebacteriathatneedoxygentolive.Also,thewaterinthebogwasveryacidic.Theacidpreservedthemansskininthewaythatanimalskinispreservedforleather

13、coatsandshoes.Howdidhedie?Understandably,archaeologistsandotherscientistswantedtoknowmoreaboutthepersonthattheycalled“LindowMan”.Hishandsandfingernailssuggestedthathehadntdoneheavymanualworkinthislifehecouldhavebeenarichman.Theyfoundthathehadntdiedbyaccident.Thearchaeologistsbelievethathewassacrific

14、edtothreedifferentgods.5. Whichlanguagedoesthewordarch“aeology”comefrom?A.French.B.GreekC.Roman.D.German。6. Theword“these”inthefirstparagrarepfhersto.A.lettersB.photographsC.paintingsD.objects7. Whichofthefollowinghelpedtopreserve“LindowMan”?A.IceandlowtemperatureB.BacteriaandoxygenC.SoilandenergyD.

15、Acidandwater8. Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.“LindowMan”wasnamedafterthepersonwhofirstfoundhim.B. Historiansusuallyusepaperevidence,whilearchaeologistsusehardevidence.C. “LindowMan”wasfoundbytwoacrhaeologistsinthesouthofEngland.D. “LindowMan”wasgoodatmanualwork.9. Which

16、isthebesttitleforthepassage?A. WhatIsArchaeology?B. ArchaeologyandHistoryC. AnAmazingArchaeologicalDiscoveryD. TheDeathof“LindowMan”CWhatisthenatureofthescientificattitude,theattitudeofthemanorwomanwhostudiesandappliesphysics,biology,chemistry,geology,engineering,medicineoranyotherscience?Weallknowt

17、hatscienceplaysanimportantroleinoursocieties.However,manypeoplebelievethatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience.Thefirstaspectistheapplicationofthemachines,productsandsystemsofknowledgethatscientistsandtechnologistsdevelop.Thesecondistheapplicationofthespecialmethodsofthoughtandactionthat

18、scientistsuseintheirwork.Whatarethesespecialmethodsofthinkingandacting?Firstofall,itseemsthatasuccessfulscientistiscurious-hewantstofindouthowandwhytheuniverseworks.Heusuallypaysattentiontoproblemswhichhenoticeshavenosatisfyingexplanation,andlooksforrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconne

19、cted.Moreover,hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditionsandenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves.Heisagoodobserver,accurate,patientandobjective（客觀的）andusesthefactsheobservestothefullest.Forexample,trainedobserversobtainaverylargeamountofinformationaboutastarmainlyfromtheaccurateanalysisofth

20、esimplelinesthatappearinaspectrum（光譜）.Hedoesnotacceptstatementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable.Herejectsauthorityastheonlybasisfortruth.Scientistsalwayscheckstatementsandmakeexperimentscarefullyandobjectively.Furthermore,hedoesnotreadilyaccepthisownidea,sinceheknowsthatmanisthelea

21、streliableofscientificinstrumentsandthatanumberoffactorstendtodisturbobjectiveinvestigation.Lastly,heisfullofimaginationsinceheoftenhastolookforrelationshipsindatawhicharenotonlycomplexbutalsofrequentlyincomplete.Furthermore,heneedsimaginationifhewantstoguesshowprocessesworkandhoweventstakeplace.The

22、seseemtobesomeofthewaysinwhichasuccessfulscientistortechnologistthinksandacts.10. ManypeoplebelievethatsciencehelpssocietytoprogressthroughA. knowledgeonly.B. morethanoneaspect.C. technologyonly.D. theuseofmachines.11. WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutacuriousscientistisTRUE?A. Hedoesntfindconfiden

23、ceandpleasureinwork.B. Heisinterestedinproblemsthatareexplained.C. Hemakeseffortstoinvestigatepotentialconnections.D. Helooksfornewwaysofacting.12. Accordingtothepassage,asuccessfulscientistwouldNOT.A. easilybelieveinuncheckedstatements.B. easilycriticizeothersresearchwork.C. alwaysusehisimagination

24、inwork.D. alwaysuseevidencefromobservation.13. Whichwordcanbeusedtodescribethedatathatagoodscientistuses?A.completeB.objectiveC.complicatedD.accurate14. Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?A. Applicationoftechnology.B. Progressinmodemsociety.C. Scientistswaysofthinkingandacting.D. Howtobecomeasuccessful

25、scientist.DMostofusspendourlivesseekingthenaturalworld.Tothisend,wewalkthedog,playgolf,gofishing,sitinthegarden,drinkoutsideratherthaninsidethepub,haveapicnic,liveinthesuburbs,gototheseaside,buyaweekendplaceinthecountry.ThemostpopularfreetimeactivityinBritainisgoingforawalk.Andwhenjoggers（慢跑者）jog,th

26、eydontrunthestreets.Everyoneofthemautomaticallyheadstotheparkortheriver.Itismyfirmbeliefthatnotonlydoweallneednature,butweallseeknature,whetherweknowwearedoingsoornot.Butdespitethis,ourchildrenaregrowingupnature-deprived（喪失）.Ispentmyboyhoodclimbingtrees.Thesedays,childrenarerobbedoftheseancientfreed

27、oms,duetoproblemslikecrime,traffic,thelossoftheopenspacesandstrangenewideasaboutwhatisbestforchildren,thatistosay,thingsthatcanbebought,ratherthanthingsthatcanbefound.Thetruthistobefoundelsewhere.AstudyintheUS:familieshadmovedtobetterhousingandthechildrenwereassessedforADHD（多動癥）.Thosewhosehousinghad

28、morenaturalviewsshowedanimprovementof19%;thosewhohadthesameimprovementinmaterialsurroundingsbutnoniceviewimprovedjust4%.AstudyinSwedenindicatedthatkindergartenchildrenwhocouldplayinanaturalenvironmenthadlessillnessandgreaterphysicalabilitythanchildrenusedonlytoanormalplayground.AUSstudysuggestedthat

29、whenaschoolgavechildrenaccesstoanaturalenvironment,theentireschoolwoulddobetterinstudies.Anotherstudyfoundthatchildrenplaydifferentlyinanaturalenvironment.Inplaygrounds,childrencreateahierarchy（等級）basedonphysicalabilities,withthetoughonestakingthelead.Butwhenagrassyareawasplantedwithbushes,thechildr

30、engotmuchmoreintofantasyplay,andthesocialhierarchywasnowbasedonimaginationandcreativity.Mostbullying（恃強凌弱）isfoundinschoolswherethereisatarmac（柏油碎石）playground;theleastbullyingisinanaturalareathatthechildrenareencouragedtoexplore.ThisremindsmeunpleasantlyofSunnyhillSchool,withitshardtarmac,whereIusedt

31、ohangaboutincornersdreamingaboutwildlife.Butchildrenarefrequentlydiscouragedfrominvolvementwithnaturalspaces,forhealthandsafetyreasons,forfearthattheymightgetdirtyorthattheymightcausedamage.So,instead,thedamageisdonetothechildrenthemselves:nottotheirbodiesbuttotheirsouls.Oneofthegreatproblemsofmoder

32、nchildhoodisADHD,nowincreasinglyandexpensivelytreatedwithdrugs.YetonestudyafteranotherindicatesthatcontactwithnaturegiveshugebenefitstoADHDchildren.However,wespendmoneyondrugsratherthanongreenplaces.Thelifeofoldpeopleismuchbetterwhentheyhaveaccesstonature.Themostimportantforthegrowingpopulationofold

33、peopleisinqualityratherthanquantityofyears.Andstudyafterstudyfindsthatagardenisthesinglemostimportantthinginfindingthatquality.Inwiderandmoredifficultareasoflife,thereisevidencetoindicatethatnaturalsurroundingsimproveallkindsofthings.Evenproblemswithcrimeandaggressivebehaviourarereducedwhenthereisco

34、ntactwiththenaturalworld.DrWilliamBird,researcherfromtheRoyalSocietyfortheProtectionofBirds,statesinhisstudy,“Anaturalenvironmentcanreduceviolentbehaviourbecauseitsprocesshelpsreduceangerandbehaviorthatpeoplemightregretlater.”Wildplacesneedencouragingforthisreason,nomatterhowsmalltheircontribution.W

35、etendtothinkhumanbeingsaredoingnaturesomekindoffavourwhenweareprotectingnature.Theerrorhereisfartoodeep:notonlydohumansneednatureforthemselves,buttheveryideathathumanityandthenaturalworldareseparablethingsisdamaging.Humanbeingsareaspeciesofanimals.Forsevenmillionyearswelivedontheplanetaspartofnature

36、.Sowemissthenaturalworldandlongforcontactwithnon-humanlife.Anyonewhohaspattedadog,strokedacat,satunderatreewithaglassofbeer,givenorreceivedabunchofflowersorchosentowalkthroughtheparkonaniceday,understandsthat.Weneedthewildworld.Itisnecessarytoourwell-being,ourhealth,ourhappiness.Withoutotherlivingth

37、ingsarounduswearelessthanhuman.15. Whatistheauthorsfirmbelief?A. Peopleseeknatureindifferentways.B. Peopleshouldspendmostoftheirlivesinthewild.C. Peoplehavequitedifferentideasofnature.D. Peoplemustmakemoreeffortstostudynature.16. Whatdoestheauthorsaypeoplepreferfortheirchildrennowadays?A. Personalfr

38、eedom.B. Thingsthatarenatural.C. Urbansurroundings.D. Thingsthatarepurchased.17. WhatdoesastudyinSwedenshow?A. Thenaturalenvironmentcanhelpchildrenlearnbetter.B. Moreaccesstonaturemakeschildrenlesslikelytofallill.C. Agoodplaygroundhelpskidsdeveloptheirphysicalabilities.D. Naturalviewscanpreventchild

39、renfromdevelopingADHD.18. Childrenwhohavechancestoexplorenaturalareas.A. tendtodevelopastrongloveforscienceB. aremorelikelytodreamaboutwildlifeC. tendtobephysicallytougherinadulthoodD. arelesslikelytobeinvolvedinbullying19. WhatdoestheauthorsuggestwedotohelpchildrenwithADHD?A. Findmoreeffectivedrugsforthem.B. Providemoregreenspacesforthem.C. Placethemundermorepersonalcare.D.Engagetheminmoremeaningfulactivities.20. Inwhatwaydoelderlypeoplebenefitfromtheircontactwithnature?A. Theylookonlifeoptimistically.B. Theyenjoyalifeofbetterquality.C. Theyareabletolivelonger.D. Theybecomegood-humoured.1. B