John_Dryden_德萊頓分享資料

1、1John Dryden 約翰.德萊頓2Contents Life experience Major works Heroic couples Comments Quote3John Dryden(1631-1700)Life Experience:In 1631, Dryden was born to a Puritan family in Northamptonshire (北安普敦郡）where he received his first education.In 1644,he went to Westminster School.In1649, his first published

2、 poem.In 1650, Dryden went up to Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1654, he obtained his BA graduated from Trinity College.In 1654, Drydens father died, leaving him some land which generated a little income, but not enough to live on.4In 1658, he published his first important poem, Heroic Stanzas【英雄詩(shī)章】

3、, a eulogy on Cromwells death which is cautious in its emotional display. In 1660 Dryden celebrated the Restoration of the monarchy and the return of Charles II with Astraea Redux【伸張正義】After the Restoration, Dryden quickly established himself as the leading poet and literary critic of his day and he

4、 transferred his allegiances to the new government.5 In November 1662 Dryden was proposed for membership in the Royal Society(英國(guó)皇家學(xué)會(huì)）. However, Dryden was inactive in Society affairs and in 1666 was expelled(驅(qū)逐) for non-payment of his dues（會(huì)費(fèi)）. On December 1st, 1663 Dryden married the royalist siste

5、r of Sir Robert HowardLady Elizabeth. In 1668, he was appointed Poet Laureate of England. (英國(guó)桂冠詩(shī)人)6 When in 1688, Drydens refusal to take the oaths of allegiance to the new government and left him out of favour at court. He was forced to give up his public offices and live by the proceeds of his pen

6、. In 1694 he began work on what would be his most ambitious and defining work as translator. Dryden died on May 1, 1700, and was buried in the Westminster Abbey (Poets Corner) (威斯特敏斯特教堂) (Poets Corner). 7Major worksAn elegy (挽歌) on Cromewells death:Heroic Stanzas英雄詩(shī)辯英雄詩(shī)辯 in 1659-His first important

7、poem. An Ode (頌詩(shī)) an Charles II :Astraea Redux 伸張正義伸張正義A didactic poem (說理詩(shī)) when James II in region:The Hind and the Panther 牝鹿與豹牝鹿與豹In 1667, his dramatic career began, he published Annus Mirabilis奇跡之年奇跡之年8Literary criticism (critical works): Essays on Dramatic Poetry 論戲劇詩(shī)論戲劇詩(shī)in 1668. The best of h

8、is unsystematic prefaces(序言) and essays. Form: in dialogueContent: Comparative merits of English and French dramaAn elegy on Cromwells death.Absalom and Achitophel 押沙龍與押沙龍與齊托齊托菲爾菲爾in1681 -It is subject is political satires（政治諷刺）（政治諷刺） and written in heroic couples (英雄雙韻體英雄雙韻體).9MacFlecknoe 麥克弗萊克諾in

9、1682;Marriage a la mode 時(shí)尚婚姻時(shí)尚婚姻in 1672He led the way in Restoration comedy and his best known work being MarriagelaMode.All for Love or The World Well Lost 一切為了愛迷失的愛in 1678 Its a tragedy in blank-verse. It is considered his greatest play and one of the masterpiece of Restoration tragedy. Important

10、plays:1011Masterpiece-All for Love All for Love was wrote in 1678. It is Drydens most famous masterpiece based on Shakespeares famous play Anthony and Cleopatra. He had mastered the art of comparative criticism, using prose and dialogue for debate, and wit and satire to illustrate disparities betwee

11、n church and state. 12Heroic couplets is a kind of the classical verse, evolved by ten syllables double blank verse, each row of five steps, each step has two syllables, the first is the light sound, the second is the stress. Balanced sentence, neat, accurate, concise, elegant. Heroic couplets was i

12、nvented by the first poet laureate John Dryden who led the British poetic style of the 17-18 th century . 英雄雙韻體是一種英國(guó)古典詩(shī)體，由十音節(jié)雙韻詩(shī)體演化而來，每行五個(gè)音步，每個(gè)音步有兩個(gè)音節(jié)，第一個(gè)是輕音，第二個(gè)是重音。句式均衡、整齊、準(zhǔn)確、簡(jiǎn)潔、考究。英雄雙韻體由第一位桂冠詩(shī)人約翰 德萊頓首創(chuàng)并命名，并領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了英國(guó)17-18世紀(jì)的詩(shī)風(fēng)。13英雄雙韻體的發(fā)展和形成經(jīng)歷了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，到德萊頓時(shí)基英雄雙韻體的發(fā)展和形成經(jīng)歷了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，到德萊頓時(shí)基本定型，文學(xué)評(píng)論界對(duì)英雄雙韻體的界定是有嚴(yán)格定義

13、的。本定型，文學(xué)評(píng)論界對(duì)英雄雙韻體的界定是有嚴(yán)格定義的。一般來說需滿足以下幾個(gè)條件。一般來說需滿足以下幾個(gè)條件。1 1、I Iambic pentameter 五音步五音步抑揚(yáng)格抑揚(yáng)格2 2、O Oshio rhyme dual sentence 押尾押尾韻對(duì)偶句韻對(duì)偶句3 3、韻尾為、韻尾為AA BB CC DD.AA BB CC DD.不重復(fù)。不重復(fù)。4 4、Clear and concise Clear and concise 風(fēng)格簡(jiǎn)潔風(fēng)格簡(jiǎn)潔。當(dāng)一首詩(shī)中僅有幾個(gè)滿足以上條件的當(dāng)一首詩(shī)中僅有幾個(gè)滿足以上條件的對(duì)偶句，其余大部分對(duì)偶句，其余大部分詩(shī)句都無法滿足上述條件時(shí)，這首詩(shī)就不能稱之為

14、英雄雙詩(shī)句都無法滿足上述條件時(shí)，這首詩(shī)就不能稱之為英雄雙韻體。韻體。Heroic Couples英雄雙韻體英雄雙韻體14CommentsvHe was an influential English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright.vDryden made his prose precise, concise and flexible, and raised English literary criticism to a new level.vFollowing the standards of classicism, he e

15、stablished the heroic couplet.vDryden was known for his verse satires, which are written in heroic couplets, a verse form widely adopted by the poets of the 18th century. 15Dryden ode and satires marks the establishment of the classical poetry in Britain.He dominated the literary life of Restoration England to such a point that the period came to be known in literary circles as the