表語和表語從句常用

1、表語和表語從句（可以直接使用，可編輯 優(yōu)質(zhì)資料，歡迎下載）表語與表語從句I 什么是系動詞：系動詞亦稱連系動詞（ Link Verb ），作為系動詞，它本身有詞義,有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但不能單獨用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。說明：有些系動詞只在特定詞義下才為系動詞，因為它們可能是實義動詞，該動詞表達(dá)實義時，有詞義， 可單獨作謂語。 例如：He fell ill yesterday. （ fell 是系動詞，后跟表語，說明主語情況。 ）He fell off the ladder.（ fell 是實義動詞，單獨作謂語） 。II 系動詞的種類1狀態(tài)系動詞用來表

2、示主語狀態(tài)，只有 be 一詞。例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教師。 （ is 與表語一起說明主語的身份。 ）2持續(xù)系動詞用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remai n, stay, lie, sta nd。例如：He always kept silent at meetings. This matter remains a mystery.She remained single for her life. It stays warm today.He lay sick in bed. We will stand firm.3. 感官系動詞感官系動詞主要

3、有l(wèi)ook, feel, smell, sou nd, taste。例如：You looks tired. You d better have a rest.This kind of cloth feels very soft. I decide to buy some.The flowers in the garden smell very sweet, which makes me feel very comfortable.Medicine tastes bitter, but it s good to our health.4. 變化系動詞這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，變化系動詞主要有

4、become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run, make. 例如He became mad after that.She grew rich within a short time.He turned teacher later.He fell ill last week.He will make a good manager.這類系動詞只有表示變化時是系動詞，它們可以做實意動詞，表示其他意義。5表像系動詞用來表示 看起來像 這一概念，主要有 seem, appear。, 例如： He seems very sad.He appeared unhap

5、py.6終止系動詞表示主語已終止動作，主要有 prove, turn out, 表達(dá) “證明是 ”， “結(jié)果是 之意。例如：The rumor proved false.The search for the lost boy proved difficult.His plan turned out a success.III 什么是表語？放在系動詞后面，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)用來說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況的成分被稱為表語。IV 什么可以做表語：名詞，代詞 , 數(shù)詞 , 形容詞，方位副詞，介詞短語，非謂語(to do, doing, v-ed) ，和表語從句The garden is very be

6、autiful.Modern paintings are not to my taste.Reading and writing are different skills.The air in the garden was warm and fragrant.My book is over there.When I called him, he is not in.The fact is that he didn t break the window.This film is very interesting.My dream is to travel around the world.The

7、y were disappointed when I told them the result.V 表語從句在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類：從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分。第二類：連接代詞： what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which ，whichever，它們常 在從句中做主語、表語、賓語或定語。第三類：連接副詞： when, where, how, why 它們常在從句中做狀語。另外as if/though和because也可引導(dǎo)表語從句。表語從句位于連系動詞之后。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+系動詞 + 從

8、句。例如：The fact is that we have lost the game. 事實是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場比賽。That s just what I want.正是我想要的。This is where our problem lies. 這就是我們的問題所在。That is why he did n t come to th那就是他為什么不到會的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。He didn t come to school yesterday. That s because he was ill.* 需要注意的是：1. 當(dāng)

9、主語是reason時，表語從句要用 that引導(dǎo)而不是because例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .【注意】 whether 可引導(dǎo)表語從句，但與之同義的 if 卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。 例如：The problem is whether we can get enough money to finish the project.2. 若句子的主語是 suggestion, advice, desire, order, request, demand,

10、 等表示要求、命令、建議等意義的詞，則表語從句常用 “( should) + 動詞原形 ”。例如：My suggestion is that we (should) set off at once.Our demand is that we should get what we deserve.Practice1. It makes her worried _ she is putting on weight.A. whileB. thatC. ifD. for2. _ is a fact that great changes are taking place in our school.A.

11、 ThereB. ThisC. ThatD. It3. _ we ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. IfB. WhetherC. ThatD. Where4. Do you remember _ he came? Yes, I do. He came by car.A. howB. whenC. thatD. if5. The grand hotel has been completed, but we don t know _ come into use.A. how long it willB. how long will i

12、tC. how soon will itD. how soon it will6. Did you see my umbrella? Yes. Ityou left sit._A. thereB. whereC. there whereD. where there7. I remember _ we had our lessons in a shed.A. whenB. whichC. whereD. what8. After _ seemed a very long time, I opened my eyes and found myself in bed!D. whichD. whene

13、verA. whatB. whenC. that9. I m so hungry that I ll eat _ you give me.A. howeverB. whateverC. whichever10. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests.A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who11. You can t imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they wer

14、e excitedC. how excited were they12. No one can be sure _ in a million years.A. what man will look likeC. man will look like what13. Shanghai has taken on a new look. It isnA. what B. how14. I can t make su_reth_e_ key to the lab.A. where Alice had putC. where has Alice put15. He himself didn t real

15、ize .A. what great progress was he makingC. what he was making great progress16.leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. anyone B. The person17. _ I was free that evening.A. It happened toB. It happened that18. The trouble is _ we are short of hands.A whatB. that19. What about seeing a f

16、ilm? The question isA. thatB. if20. Energy is _ makes things work.B. how excited they wereD. they were how excitedB. what will man look likeD. what look will man liket like _ it used to be.C. which D. thatB. where had Alice putD. where Alice has putB. he was making what great progressD. what great p

17、rogress he was makingC. WhoD. WhoeverC. That happened D. It is happened thatC. howD whywe ll have enough time.C. whenD. whetherA anythingB. somethingC. what D. that21. The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him.A. whichB. thatC. whenD. so that22. We were warned _ the journey would be danger

18、ous.A. ifB. whetherC. howD. that23. They have no idea at all_.A. what does this word meanC. that is the meaning of this word24. They didn t realize at that time _. A. they had got what a useful invention C. what a useful invention they had got25. _ you have seen both fighters, _ will win? A. Since,

19、do you think who C. As, who you thinkB. what this word meansD. what kind of a meaning is this wordB. that what a useful invention they had gotD. that they had got what a inventionB. When, whoeverD. Since, who do you think表語從用法1. 定義：用作表語的從句叫做表語從句2. 引導(dǎo)表語的從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞的種類( 1)從屬連詞 that. The trouble is that I h

20、ave lost his address.The reason was that he was late for school.(2) 從屬連詞 whether, as, as ifHe looked just as he had lookedten years before.The question is whether they will be able to help us.注：從屬連詞 if 一般不用來引導(dǎo)表語從句，但 as if 卻可引導(dǎo)表語從句。All this was over twenty years ago, but it as if it was only yesterda

21、y.The key is whether we can solve the problem.It looked as if it was going to rain.注：能跟表語從句的謂語動詞一般為系動詞be, seem, look, sou nc等He looked just as he had looked ten years before.It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.(3) 連接代詞 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 在表語從句中做主語

22、、賓語等。The problem is who we can get to replace her.That was what she did this morning on reaching the agreement.My question is who left.(4) 連接副詞 where, when, how, whyWhat I wonder is when he left. This is where they once lived.That is why he didnt come here.The question is how he did it.（5）連詞 because

23、 可引導(dǎo)表語從句。注意： because 可引導(dǎo)表語從句， 但與之同義的since, as, for等不用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。I think it is because you are doing too much.Its just because he doesntknow her.That because he didunderstand me.（Tha because 強調(diào)原因）Thats why he got angry with me.（Thafswhy強調(diào)結(jié)果） 注意：在一些表示“建議，勸說，命令”的名詞后面的表語從句中， 謂語動詞用虛擬語氣.Should+動詞原形表示，should可

24、省略。My suggestion is that we （should） start early tomorrow.一堅持（in sisit）二命令（comma nd, order）三建議（suggest, advise, propose） 四要求（desire, dema nd, require, request 四注意事項（重點看）1. 表語從句要用陳述語序。That is where the famous scientist was born.This is why she is so happy today.2. that和what在引導(dǎo)的表語從句that 本身沒有詞義，在句中只起連接

25、作用，不充當(dāng)句子成分； what 則表示“所的（人或事）”在表語從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語等。That facet is that more than seventy percent of the earths surface is covered by water.What he told you was what had been discussed at the meeting.3. if 與 whether 均意為“是否”引導(dǎo)的表語從句是，只能用 whether，不能用 if 。 The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorr

26、ow evening.4. 語氣(1) 主語為 advice, order, idea, notion, proposal, suggestion, requeS等 一些表示“建議，勸說，命令”的名詞，之后的表語從句中， 謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。Should+動詞原形表示，should可省略。My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.(2) as if / though 引導(dǎo)的表語從句時， 從句謂

27、語多用虛擬語氣。 這是因 為從句中的情況與事實不相符。具體來說，如果從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，謂語動詞用一般過去式；如果從句表示與過去事實相反，謂語動詞“had+d on如果從句表示將來的可能性不大，用 would(might, could)+動詞原形。Li Lei is now in a new jacket he looks as if he were an American boy. The girl is giving us a vivid description of the moon.It seems as if she had been to the moon many times

28、.但是，如果as if, as though引導(dǎo)的表語從句所表示的與事實相符，從 句則用陳述語氣。The clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.5. 時態(tài) 不像賓語從句，在有表語從句的復(fù)合句中，主語時態(tài)和從 句時態(tài)可以不一致。The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.The question is why he cried yesterday.系動詞分類：一 根據(jù)系動詞后所跟結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可以把英語系動詞分為兩大類：完全系動詞（其后只能跟表語動詞

29、，如 be, seen）和半 系動詞（其后既跟表語作系動詞用法， 也可以跟賓語或狀語 作實義動詞用，如 look ）1）He looked sadly at the boy. 看（ 著，實義動詞用法 ）He looks a clever boy. （看起來，系動詞用法 ）2）He looks at a clever boy.看著，實義動詞用法）在英語中，某一動詞是多義詞， 既有實義動詞用法， 又有系動詞用法。二根據(jù)系動詞的意義，我們把英語系動詞分為四類：A .五大感官系動詞B.狀態(tài)系動詞C.動態(tài)系動詞D.雙謂語系動詞l.look “看起來像是“，后接adj, n.分詞，介詞短語，不定式等。Th

30、e girl bit her lips and looked thoughtful.2.Smell “聽起來”，后接 adj,分詞。The flower smell sweet.3. sound 聽起來“，后接 adj,分詞。The music sounds sweet.4. taste 嘗起來“，后接 adj,分詞。The apples taste very good.5. feel“摸起來，給.感覺”;“覺得”，后接adj, p.pYou will feel better after a nightssleep.B.狀態(tài)系動詞：1. be, “是“，屬完全系動詞。 I am a stude

31、nt.2. seem,似乎，好像“，完全系動詞。They seem quite happy.3. appear：顯得，看起來好像”,半系動詞。It appeared （to be） a true story.4. keep, “保持的狀”，半系動詞，后接adj或介詞短語。Youd better go to bed and keep warm.5. remain, “仍是”，半系動詞。I remained silent.6. stay保持（某種狀態(tài)）”，半系動詞，后接adj,過去分詞。The window stayed open all the night.7. prove “證明是”，半系動詞

32、，后接adj,nThe treatment proved to be sucessful.C. 動態(tài)系動詞：都屬于半系動詞，描述狀態(tài)變化過程。1. get變成，變得起來”，后接形容那個詞，分詞，介詞短語。The days are getting longer and longer.2. fall 進(jìn)入（某種狀態(tài)），成為“，后接以下形容詞： asleep,lame, silent,ill, sick, flat. The old men, unable to express himself, fell silent.My father fell ill and died.3. grow “漸漸變

33、得 .起來，長得 ” Itsgrowing warm.4. turn “轉(zhuǎn)變成（新的與原來完全不同的色彩或性質(zhì)），變質(zhì)（色）”。Maple trees turn red in autumn.It was cloudy this morning, but fortunately it has turned fien.5. go, “變成（某種壞的狀態(tài)） ”The telephone has gone dead. The material has gone a funny colour. Go 之后常接 adj.還有：bad,blind, wild, wrong, sour, hard, hung

34、ry, mad, red, with, anger, white, pale, blue, grey6. becomeT變成，成為（好壞均可的情況）”I became interested in drawing. He became angry with me.They became good friends.7. come, “變成為（已知的狀態(tài)） ，證實為”，后接形容詞或前綴 un-的過去分詞作表語，表示狀態(tài)或情況的變化。His wish to become a pilot has come true.后面接的形容詞還有 apart,dear,natural,open,short, rig

35、ht,unstuck, untied.8. run “變成”，后接 adj. The price ran high.9. make, “達(dá)到某種狀態(tài)，后接形容詞，如： sure, certain, merry, bold, free. We must make certain of facts.D 雙謂語系動詞 此類系動詞既有系動詞功能，后接表語，又保 留原實義動詞本身的含義。The sun rose red. She stopped and stood quite still.The snow lay thick on the ground. He married young.Lei Fen

36、g died young. He continued silent.表語從句練習(xí)1. The question is we will have our sports meet next week.A. that B. if C. when D. whether2The reason why he failed is he was too careless.A. because B. that C. for D. because of3. Go and get your coat. It s you left itA. where B. there C. there where D. where

37、 there4The problem is to take the place of TedA. who can we get B. what we can get C. who we can get D. that we can get5. What I want to know is he likes the gift given by us.A. that B. if C. whether D. 不填6. The reason isI missed the bus.A. that B. when C. why D. what7. That is we were late last tim

38、e.A. that B. when C. why D. what8. She looked she were ten years younger.A. that B. like C. as D. as though9. I fell sick! -I think it is you are doing too much.A. why B. when C. what D. because10. The reason why he hasn t come is .A. because his mother is ill B. because of his mother s being illC.

39、that his mother is ill D. for his mother is ill11. He was born here. - That is he likes the place so much.A. that B. what C. why D. how12. That is Lu Xun once lived. A. what B. where C. that D. whythat/what 的區(qū)別1your father wants to know is getting on with your studies.A. What; how are you B. That；ho

40、w you areC. How； that you are D. What；how you are2. The trouble iswe are short of tools.A. what B. that C. how D. why that3. America was was first called“ India ” by Columbus.A. what B. where C. the place D. there where4. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer .A. what it used to b

41、e B. what it was used to beingC. what it used to being D. what it was used to be5. he really means is he disagrees with us.A. What that B. That whatC. What what D. That wh6. The energy is makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. such高考練習(xí) 1 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show

42、last week .Is that you had a few days of？f （ NMET1999）A. why B .what C. when D. where2 .I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella I got wet through.（1998 上海）A. It s the reason B. That s why C. There s why D. Its how3. See the flags on top of the building? That was全國） A. when B. which C. where D. what

43、4. - Are you still thinking about yesterday we did this morning.s北am春?（2003h, thatA. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited5. What surprised me was not what he said but he said（it2. 004 湖北） A.way B. in the way that C. in the way D. th

44、e way which06s the答案 DBACCACDDCCB that/what 的區(qū)別 DBAAA 高考練習(xí) ABDA英語從句類型總結(jié)在復(fù)合句中主句是全句的主體，從句是全句的一個成分，不能獨立。從句在復(fù)合句中的功用，和簡單句中的句子成分的功用類似，可作主語、賓語、表語、同位語(以上為名詞性 從句)、定語、狀語等。因此，它可以分為主語、賓語、表語、同位語、定語、和狀語從句。一、定語從句在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的有關(guān)系代詞who, whom， whose, which, that 等和關(guān)系副詞 where, when，why等,關(guān)

45、系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中擔(dān)任句子成份1. 由who引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，who用作主語，女口：This is the boy who ofte n helps me。2. 由whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,whom用作賓語，如：The man whom you are wait ing for has gone home.3. 由whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，whose用作定語 ，如：Do you know the girl whose skirt is white？4. 由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，which用作主語或謂語動詞的賓語或介詞的賓語，如：This is the book which h

46、as bee n retran slated into many Ian guages。 這就是那本有多種語言譯本的書(關(guān)系代詞Which用作主語。)5. 由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，that可以指人或物，在從句中作主語或謂語動詞的賓語， 但不能放在介詞后面作介詞賓語，女口：The book that I bought yesterday was writte n by Lu Xun。6. 由when, where, why 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，女口：I dont know the reas on why he was late。This is the place where we have li

47、ved for 5 years.I ll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time。注意：先行詞是表示地點時，如果從句的謂語動詞是及物的，就用that (which )，如果從句的謂語動詞是不及物的 ，就用where引導(dǎo)。This is the house Which /that he has lived in for 15 years 。( Where he has lived for 15 year.)7. 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句(1)限制性定語從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分，主句和從句之間不用逗號分開.引導(dǎo)非

48、限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有who, whom, whose, which , of which 等，這些關(guān)系代詞都不能省略。(2)非限制性定語從句是對主句先行詞的補充說明，沒有這種從句，不影響主句意思的完整，一般用逗號把主句和從句分開，關(guān)系代詞用 which，不用that ;指人時可用 who,如:I havetwo brothers, who are both stude nts.二、狀語從句由從句擔(dān)任的狀語，在句子中可修飾謂語(或其它動詞)、形容詞、副詞或是整個句子，它 可以用來表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等。狀語從句是一 較大的語法項目，也是近幾年高考題中常見

49、的一個重要試點.高考中已考查了時間、讓步、地點、條件、目的等狀語從句，這些從句仍是今后高考熱點，應(yīng)作充分準(zhǔn)備。同時對方式狀 語從句也應(yīng)引起重視.1、時間狀語從句表示時間的狀語從句可由when, as, while, whenever, after , before, till(until ),since ， once, as soon as （或 the moment ） , by the time ， no sooner than ， hardly （ scarcely ） when, every time等引導(dǎo)。When I came into the office, the teache

50、rs were having a meeting.He started as soon as he received the news.Once you see him, you will never forget him。No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep。2、原因狀語從句 原因狀語從句是表示原因或理由的， 引導(dǎo)這類從句的最常用的連詞是 because, since, as ， now that （既然）等， for 表示因果關(guān)系時（它引導(dǎo)的不是從句）為并列連詞，語氣不如 because 強。He is disappointed

51、because he didnt get the position。As it is raining, I will not go out。Now that you mention it, I do remember。3、地點狀語從句 引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句的連詞是 where 和 wherever 等 . Sit wherever you like 。Make a mark where you have a question。4、目的狀語從句引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句最常用的詞 （組）是 so, so that（ 從句謂語常有情態(tài)動詞 ）, in order that, in case （以防，以免 ） 等

52、。Speak clearly ， so that they may understand you.She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons。He left early in case he should miss the train.5、結(jié)果狀語從句 結(jié)果狀語從句是表示事態(tài)結(jié)果的從句 ,通常主句是原因 , 從句是結(jié)果。由 so that （ 從句謂語 一般沒有情態(tài)動詞） , so that, such that等引導(dǎo) .She was ill, so that she didnt attend t

53、he meeting。He was so excited that he could not say a word. She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.6、條件狀語從句 條件狀語從句分真實性 （ 有可能實現(xiàn)的事情 ） 與非真實性（條件與事實相反或者在說話者看來 不大可能實現(xiàn)的事情 ） 條件句。引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的詞（組）主要有if ， unless, so （ as）long as ， on condition that， so （ as） far as, if only （ = if）。注意：條件從句中的 if 不能用 w

54、hether 替換。If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunchYou may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.So far as I know （據(jù)我所知）， he will be away for three months.You can go swimming on condition that （ = if river bank.If he had come a few minutes earlier，7、讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句可由 although ， though

55、, as whether or, no matter who （when ， what, 是倒裝的 .） you dont go too far away from thehe could have seen her.， even if （though）, however, whatever 等引導(dǎo) . 注意： as 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句一般he knows a lot.Though he is a child Child as he is ， he knows a lot 。Whatever （ = No matter what ） you say ， Ill never change my

56、mind。8、方式狀語從句方式狀語從句常由 as, as if （ though）, the way ， rather than 等引導(dǎo)。 You must do the exercise as I show you.He acted as if nothing had happened。9、比較狀語從句 比較狀語從句常用 than ， so （ as ） as ， the more the more 等引導(dǎo)。 I have made a lot more mistakes than you have。He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford. The busier he is, the happier he feels.三、名詞性從句 在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 （Noun