被動(dòng)語態(tài)各種時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成表

1、被動(dòng)語態(tài)各種時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成表:TENSE主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)bedodoesamisare+d one一般將來時(shí)will+dowill be +done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)amisare+do ingamisare+be in g+d one一般過去時(shí)waswere didwaswere+do ne現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)havehas+d onehavehas+bee n+done過去完成時(shí)had+donehad+been+done過去進(jìn)行時(shí)waswere+do ingwaswere+be in g+d one情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+do情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+do ne一般現(xiàn)、過用be done, be有人稱、時(shí)、數(shù)變例：1、

2、主動(dòng)： The childre n gave the foreig n guests a warm welcome.被動(dòng)：The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children. 孩子們熱烈地歡迎外賓。2、主動(dòng)： People regard him as brillia nt. 被動(dòng)： He is regarded as brilliant by people.人們認(rèn)為他很有才華。1、邊境發(fā)生嚴(yán)重列車事故，二人死亡，十二人受傷。There was a serious train accident near the border.

3、 Two people were killed and twelve were injured.2、直言不諱的人才是真正誠實(shí)的人。A pers on who is truly hon est is called a straight arrow.3、有人給講演者遞上來一張紙條。A note was passed up to the speaker.4、John被選為班長而代替了亨利。Joh n was elected preside nt of the class in stead of Harry.5、這位戰(zhàn)士犧牲了，然而列車得救了。The soldier was killed, but t

4、he train was saved.6他被認(rèn)為很聰明但不誠實(shí)。He was thought to be clever but dish on est.7、美國的第一個(gè)動(dòng)物園是1874年建立的。The first zoological garden in the United States was established in 1874.8、多數(shù)環(huán)境污染問題的存在，是因?yàn)檫^去沒有采取適當(dāng)?shù)谋Ｗo(hù)措施。Most en vir onmen tal problems exist because adequate measurefor preve nting them were not taken in

5、 the past.完成時(shí)態(tài)have/had done被動(dòng)將been加中間。例：1、我們已經(jīng)在夜校里斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地學(xué)了三年英語了。主動(dòng)： We have studied English for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school. 被動(dòng)：English has been studied for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school.（have隨新主語變?yōu)閔as）2、到去年年底我們已生產(chǎn)出一百臺(tái)拖拉機(jī)。主動(dòng)：They had produced 100 tractors by the end of l

6、ast year. 被動(dòng):100 tractors had bee n produced by the end of last year.3、到去年年底他們已建造了三艘船。主動(dòng)：They had build three ships by last December.被動(dòng)： By last December three ships had bee n built by them.4、人們把裝滿垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。主動(dòng)：People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.被動(dòng):Plastic bags full of rubbi

7、sh have bee n piled in streets.5、他們已提醒我們要注意老鼠。主動(dòng)：They have warned us to be careful of rats.被動(dòng)： We have been warned to be careful of rats.練習(xí)：1、今天是Judy的新婚日，她剛剛和鮑勃結(jié)婚。Today is Judy's weddi ng, she has just bee n married to Dan el.2、演講委員會(huì)已宣布了這些講演的題目。The subjects of these lectures have bee n announ ce

8、d by the lecture committee.3、當(dāng)我回來時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)我的車被弄走了。我問他們?yōu)樯哆@么于。他們告訴我說因 為我把車于停在"禁止停車"的禁區(qū)。My car had bee n towed away whe n I came back.一般將來 shall （will） do,被動(dòng)變 do為be done即由 shall do或will do 變?yōu)?shall done或will be done。例：1、過年我市將建立幾座大型現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)電廠。主動(dòng)：We shall build several big moder n power pla nts in our

9、city n ext year. 被動(dòng)： Several big modern power plants will be built in our city next year.（shall do中的shall要隨新主語變?yōu)閣ill, do為be done.）2、過年九月我將送我次子去讀書。王動(dòng)：I shall send my second boy to school next September.被動(dòng)： My second boy will be sent to school next September.3、他們將問你許多怪題。主動(dòng)：They will ask you a lot of s

10、trange questions.被動(dòng):You will be asked a lot of stra nge questi ons.被動(dòng)句中的by引出的賓語，一般說來，如果是人稱代詞你、我、他等，均可省略, someone no on不由by來引出。如果是名詞不能省略，但當(dāng)今英語也都可省略了。1、中國人民在將來將進(jìn)行更多的空間探索。主動(dòng)：The Chinese people will make more space explorations in the future. 被動(dòng)： More space explorations will be made in the future by the

11、 Chinese people.2、通常是晝夜供電，明天白天將停電。Usually, the electricity is on for 24 hours. But tomorrow it will be cut off in the day time.3、電池使用一段時(shí)間后，應(yīng)該更換。After a period of use, the batteries should be cha nged.4、這機(jī)器不能再用了。The mach ine will not be used again將來進(jìn)行無被動(dòng)：shall （will） be doing現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行同： have（ has）been d

12、oing即將來進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在將來某一時(shí)刻或某個(gè)階段正在進(jìn)行；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示某一行為發(fā)生在過去，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，將續(xù)續(xù)下去，兩種時(shí)態(tài)不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。1、今晚你將做什么？（將來進(jìn)行時(shí)）What will you be doing this eve ning?2、1980年以來，我一直住在鞍山。（現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)）I have bee n liv ing in An sha n Since 19803、你學(xué)英語多久了 ？(現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí))How long have you bee n study ing En glish?4、 由于大霧，我們已經(jīng)在機(jī)場等了一整天了。(現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí))We have

13、bee n wait ing at the airport all daybecause of the thick fog.【現(xiàn)、過進(jìn)行be doing 被動(dòng)be加being dond即現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)都是be的人稱、時(shí)和數(shù)的形式加doing。而被動(dòng)態(tài)則 是be加上bei ng done的形式，being是不變的?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)態(tài) 是被動(dòng)態(tài)個(gè)的重點(diǎn)，容易搞錯(cuò)。例如：1、工人們正在維修東北工學(xué)院主樓。主動(dòng)：The workers are repairing the main building of the Northeast Engineering In stitute.被動(dòng)

14、：The main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute is being repaired by the workers.2、 委員會(huì)的委員們正在考慮那個(gè)棘手的問題.The n asty questi on is being con sidered by the committee members.3、他們在計(jì)劃修建另一座跨線橋。The build ong of ano ther fly-over is being pla nn ed.【情、助、有、排，一律隨新主語變?！繋閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞等的被動(dòng)態(tài)如何處理比較復(fù)雜。要隨新的主語來變化

15、，這些 詞女口 can, could; will, would; shall, should; may, might; must; ought to; need 需要； have tc不得不；be going to; to be to; used to; seem to; happen 等。例如：1、我們必須把這個(gè)記在心里。主動(dòng)：We must keep this in mind.被動(dòng)：This must be kept in mi nd.2、我們可以把電冰箱放在那個(gè)地方。主動(dòng)： We can put the refrigerator in that place. (refrigerator=

16、freezer.)被動(dòng)：The refrigerator can be put in that place.3、我們不能再用那臺(tái)洗衣機(jī)了。主動(dòng)： We shall not use the washing machine again.被動(dòng)：The washing machine will not be used again.原來的謂語shall use被動(dòng)態(tài)中隨新主語變?yōu)閣ill .4、我們將采取更多的措施來防止腐蝕。主動(dòng):We shall take more measures to preve nt corrosi on.被動(dòng):More measures will be take n to p

17、reve nt corrosi on. (sha變 will)5、這一切得認(rèn)真解決。All this has to be solved with great care.6展覽會(huì)將明日開放。The exhibiti on is to be ope ned tomorrow.may加不定式的完成體或完成進(jìn)行體表示"可能"，主要用于肯定句，決不能用在 疑問句中。而can與不定式的完成體或完成進(jìn)行體連用表示"可能"，只用于否定 句和疑問句，不用于肯定句。但如果 can或may的過去式即could與might與不定式 完成體或完成進(jìn)行體搭配時(shí)，可用于各種結(jié)構(gòu)?？?，

18、否，陳，疑均可。It can't have been lost in the post, can it?它不可能在郵局丟失的吧：（反意疑問句）否定助后加not，疑冋一助置主前在否定句的被動(dòng)態(tài)中，否定副詞not-定加在第一助動(dòng)詞之后，不放在別的助動(dòng)詞 之后。同樣在疑問句的被動(dòng)態(tài)中，第一助動(dòng)詞置于主語之前。例：為什么不采取些措施來結(jié)束罷工呢 ？Why has一助）not anything bee n 二助）done to end the strike?not必須放在第一助動(dòng)詞has之后，第-助動(dòng)詞has必須放在主語anything之前。決不 可寫成：why has fot been any

19、thing done to end the strike?或why has been not anything done to end the strike?1、我們將不在課堂上作練習(xí)。The exercises will not be done in class.2、用什么別的途徑能獲得火星的資料呢2In what other way could一助）in formatio n about Mars be二助）abta in ed?3、他為何入獄的？Why had he bee n impris on ed?4、需要告訴他嗎？Need she be told about it?5、沒人刷新你

20、的記錄。Your record has n ever bee n equalled.主語恰是疑問詞，直陳語序主在前凡主語恰好是一個(gè)疑問詞或由疑問詞來修飾主語時(shí)，后面要用陳述語序 例：衛(wèi)星上可以扔下何物？What（主語）could be dropped from a satellite?1、正在采取什么措施來發(fā)展這門新科學(xué)？What measures 主語）are being take n to develop this new scie nee?2、需要哪種裝置來使控制系統(tǒng)簡化？What ki nd of device（主語）is n eeded to make the con trol sy

21、stem simple?3、采取了什么措施來改進(jìn)這些技術(shù)的？what has bee n done to improve the tech niq ues?應(yīng)指出的是有的學(xué)生把 We study diligently 和 She could see herself clearly in the mirror.都硬行變成被動(dòng)了，殊不知不及物動(dòng)詞通常是沒有被動(dòng)態(tài)的。關(guān)于不及物 動(dòng)詞.反身代詞動(dòng)詞，同源賓語動(dòng)詞.系詞.感官使役動(dòng)詞，短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)態(tài)?！居行﹦?dòng)詞可以帶雙賓語】在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時(shí)，直接賓語仍然保留在謂語后面；直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時(shí)，直接賓語前通常加上介詞for/

22、to在記者招待會(huì)上人們問了他很多問題He was asked a nu mber of questi ons at the press conferen ce.他們在幼兒園被教給很多東西。They are taught a lot of thi ngs in the kin dergarte ns.作為生日禮物他收到了一個(gè)新 MP4。A new MP4 was give n to him as birthday prese nt/gift.He gave me a book. A book was give n to me by him.He showed me a ticket. A tic

23、ket was show n to me by him.My father bought me a new bike. A new bike was bought for me byerm y fat【特別提醒】有些動(dòng)詞后跟不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，但改為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)后要加上“ to?！崩鏦e heard himsing in his room just now.-He was heard to si ng in his room just now.剛才聽到他在房間中唱歌。make somebody do someth ing somebody+ be +made to do someth ing

24、see somebody do somethi ngsomebody +tee+to do someth ingThe boss made the little boy do heavy work. work by the boss.The little boy was made to do heavy【不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況】1）不及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語無被動(dòng)語態(tài)：appear , die disappear , end （vi. 結(jié)束）,fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, sta ndbreak out, come true, fall asleep, keep sile nee, lose heart, take place.After the fire, very little remained of my house.比較：rise, fall, happe n是不及物動(dòng)詞；raise, seat 是及物動(dòng)詞。（錯(cuò)）The price has bee n rise n.（對）The pri