畢業(yè)論文商務(wù)函電的翻譯技巧

1、摘 要: 商務(wù)英語函電是國際貿(mào)易活動的重要載體,涉及到詢購、復(fù)函與報價、認(rèn)購與確認(rèn)、保險、包裝、運(yùn)輸、信用證付款及其它付款方式、投訴與處理、代理等國際實(shí)務(wù)貿(mào)易的各個環(huán)節(jié)。如函電譯文出現(xiàn)謬誤,勢必導(dǎo)致雙方誤解從而貽誤商機(jī)。而質(zhì)量上乘的譯文則能取得“雙贏”的效果。 關(guān)鍵詞: 商務(wù)英語; 函電; 特點(diǎn); 翻譯商務(wù)英語函電的翻譯技巧1 引言 隨著國際貿(mào)易市場競爭的日益激烈,國際間的貿(mào)易來往更加頻繁,而商務(wù)英語就成了國際間來往的橋梁,它也是國際貿(mào)易活動中不可缺少的溝通工具。實(shí)際上,商務(wù)英語控制著國際交流,國際交流離不開商務(wù)英語,這也必然導(dǎo)致商務(wù)信函風(fēng)格和語言上變化,曾經(jīng)那些千篇一律的陳舊詞匯已經(jīng)無法跟上

2、新時代的發(fā)展了。而今,商務(wù)交流中的信息來往要求內(nèi)容簡單,重點(diǎn)突出,并已經(jīng)成為一種交流趨勢,而商務(wù)英語函電的翻譯要從商務(wù)信函的文體語言特點(diǎn)著手。 2 商務(wù)英語函電的特點(diǎn) 商務(wù)函電與一般的交流信息不同,它特點(diǎn)鮮明,并有固定的翻譯原則,其目的是維持良好的業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系,促進(jìn)商務(wù)溝通,保證正常的商務(wù)來往。其核心為效率,經(jīng)濟(jì)性與簡潔性為效率的核心,并要求高效率和充實(shí)的內(nèi)容,二者是互相促進(jìn)的,缺一不可。 2.1 文體特點(diǎn) 在信息重新分配和組合的過程中,要首先考慮語言的結(jié)構(gòu),尤其是文體。事實(shí)上,文體主要分為5類,即專業(yè)文體、正式文體、非正式文體、隨意文體、親密文體。由于商務(wù)函電直接涉及到國家之間的貿(mào)易來往信息,且

3、同銀行、海關(guān)、運(yùn)輸、法律等專業(yè)知識有著密不可分的聯(lián)系,所以應(yīng)今本歸納為專業(yè)文體或者正式文體。 2.2 語言特點(diǎn) 商務(wù)函電所要求的三個基本原則是:準(zhǔn)確、簡潔、清楚。這些都是對語言方面的要求,而體貼、禮貌,則是針對態(tài)度和角度方面的要求。同時要求格式的完整,函電內(nèi)容也要具體豐富,內(nèi)容中要避免一些無實(shí)際意義的多余詞匯,內(nèi)容要嚴(yán)格的把握重點(diǎn)。商務(wù)函電不僅有特殊的背景,還要求翻譯人員要有實(shí)際的商務(wù)工作技能。 主要的語言特點(diǎn)可以歸納為兩點(diǎn):商務(wù)函電的涉及范圍有貿(mào)易、金融、外匯、海關(guān)、商檢等諸多領(lǐng)域,其行業(yè)特征比較明顯,因此,需要對語言進(jìn)行合理選擇;商務(wù)人員的思維模式具體、審慎,講究語言表達(dá)的分寸。具體的表現(xiàn)

4、是,語言表達(dá)要簡單明了,突出重點(diǎn)。用詞規(guī)范、語法結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、句子排列一般固定有序。語篇連貫、邏輯性強(qiáng)。 2.3 翻譯特點(diǎn) 商務(wù)函電翻譯的目的是要體現(xiàn)函電的實(shí)際效用,能準(zhǔn)確及時的傳達(dá)信息,而絕非是為了單純的美感和語言的華麗。按照貿(mào)易的不同類型,其翻譯目的也不一樣,采用不同的手段處理不同的內(nèi)容;翻譯過程是固定的,嚴(yán)格控制錯誤。因而,翻譯人員不僅要熟悉專業(yè)知識,還要有合理的發(fā)揮。 翻譯的根本在意表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確的意思,還要求專業(yè)術(shù)語的精確;同時,要善于運(yùn)用語言,用有限的詞匯表達(dá)出更精準(zhǔn)的意思,將相關(guān)的信息更為精練準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)出來。由于商務(wù)函電涉及英、漢語言的翻譯與運(yùn)用,且函電又有其語言、語法、句子結(jié)構(gòu)等方面的特

5、殊性,再加上中西文化上的差異,這也導(dǎo)致了商務(wù)函電的翻譯可能無法精確的表達(dá)其意思,只能是相對的精確。因此,我們必須認(rèn)識到這一點(diǎn),對今后商務(wù)函電的翻譯起著重要的作用。 3 商務(wù)英語函電的翻譯技巧 正確的理解原文的意思是做好翻譯工作的基礎(chǔ)。翻譯是對兩種語言的轉(zhuǎn)換,需要翻譯人員對兩種語言都有較好的理解,并合理解決它們之間存在的差異。而嫻熟的翻譯技巧就是處理這里問題的方法,翻譯技巧所涉及的內(nèi)容十分廣泛,從語言到語法,從結(jié)構(gòu)到內(nèi)容,每一個方面都需要翻譯技巧作為翻譯基礎(chǔ),可見,翻譯技巧在函電翻譯中起著十分重要的作用。 3.1 詞匯翻譯技巧 商務(wù)英語函電的詞匯翻譯很關(guān)鍵,而對專業(yè)詞匯的精確運(yùn)用則體現(xiàn)出嫻熟的翻

6、譯技巧,其中包含一些大學(xué)專業(yè)詞匯,具有商務(wù)含義的普通詞和復(fù)合詞,以及一些專業(yè)的縮寫詞等。例如UC表示信用證;W.P.A水演險等等。如果翻譯人員對這些專業(yè)詞匯不了解或者沒有專業(yè)知識,就無法做好商務(wù)函電的翻譯。 英語和漢語中,相同的詞匯會出現(xiàn)不同意思和不同范圍的的情況,這些都屬于一詞多意,如果僅僅依靠查字典,是無法真正解決問題的,必須在聯(lián)系上下文的意思后,通過總結(jié),找出該詞匯代表的真實(shí)含義。在商務(wù)英語函電中,我們還會遇到一些詞在其實(shí)際應(yīng)用中與其它詞語搭配后產(chǎn)生具體意義。 商務(wù)函電翻譯與一般的文學(xué)翻譯不同。文學(xué)翻譯要保證原文的神韻和內(nèi)容,做到神似。函電翻譯需要的是對內(nèi)容的精準(zhǔn)翻譯。 首先,要按照語言

7、使用規(guī)范正確的使用套語。如:Please quote us the lowest price CIF New York with a 5 percent commission,and indicate the quantity that you can supply for October shipment.利用套語就應(yīng)該是“請報來最低CIF紐約價包括5%傭金,并說明可供十月份裝運(yùn)的數(shù)量?！逼浯?要注意多義詞的使用。如“The product will find a good market in New York”。此產(chǎn)品在紐約將有很好的銷路?！癈hinese ceramic products

8、 are verypopular in Europe.We would like to work with you to market themin Canada”。中國的陶瓷產(chǎn)品在歐洲很受歡迎,我們愿同你方合作在加拿大銷售。” 從上面兩個例子中可以看出,market既有市場、銷路,又有營銷、出售之意。翻譯時還要根據(jù)上下文的意思,對該詞做正確的翻譯,避免誤解。如The goods were received contrary to our instructions arepacked in wooden cases without iron hoops。句中的contrary to our i

9、nstructions實(shí)際上是修飾“包裝”而不是“貨物”的意思。正是因?yàn)橛蒫ontrary to our instructions的位置提前,容易讓翻譯人員誤解。 最后,在遵守翻譯程序時,還要注意翻譯技巧的運(yùn)用。如信函中Dear sirs,一般不譯為“親愛的先生們”,而譯為“(執(zhí)事)先生”或“徑啟者”。 3.2 用詞禮貌,語氣委婉 一份文雅、彬彬有禮有質(zhì)量的函電,會讓閱讀信件的人心情舒暢,同時留下良好的印象,對雙方的貿(mào)易來往有積極的作用,這對這筆交易的達(dá)成有很大的促進(jìn)作用。所以,譯員在翻譯外貿(mào)信函時要選擇合適的語言,不僅要實(shí)現(xiàn)正確的翻譯,還要將原文中要表達(dá)的禮貌充分的體現(xiàn)出來,保證翻譯能在語言

10、上形成對等。我們主要可以通過使用正確的語氣,恰當(dāng)?shù)奈裾Z以及適度的模糊語策略來實(shí)現(xiàn)。例如,當(dāng)拒絕對方的報盤時,通常使用“We regret to say that”等較為溫和語氣來表達(dá)自己的意思。即使本次交易沒有成功,也會給對方留下好的印象,不會影響到未來的合作關(guān)系?！癢e are afraid, we would say”“Wouldyou like”等句型也都有舒緩語氣、避免絕對化的作用,可以給業(yè)務(wù)合作留下更多商量和協(xié)作的余地,有利于合作關(guān)系的建立。翻譯時適當(dāng)使用模糊用語可以使禮貌策略更加突出。 3.3 譯文流暢,風(fēng)格一致 在外貿(mào)活動中,交易雙方從陌生到熟悉,從建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系開始直到交易的達(dá)

11、成,期間交往的信函不計其數(shù),隨著不斷變化的狀況,信函的內(nèi)容也千變?nèi)f化。然而信函翻譯的風(fēng)格應(yīng)該保持整體的一致連貫,如實(shí)反映信函的原貌,讓閱讀信函的人有親切的感覺,不致覺得唐突陌生。英文函電翻譯的這些專業(yè)化特點(diǎn)要求翻譯人員必須投入大量的時間和精力不斷豐富完善自身的專業(yè)知識與翻譯技巧,從而適應(yīng)對外貿(mào)易迅猛發(fā)展的需要。 4 結(jié)語 綜上所述,商務(wù)函電是現(xiàn)在國際商務(wù)間交流的方式之一。由于它屬于特殊文體,其語言的專業(yè)性有著特殊的要求,要求譯者從詞義和專業(yè)上,在結(jié)合上下文的意思,去完整的翻譯全文,保證譯文所傳達(dá)的信息與原文所傳遞的信息一致。翻譯內(nèi)容需要等值這個理論,在很大程度上促進(jìn)了函電的準(zhǔn)確翻譯,嚴(yán)格控制了

12、譯文和原文在意義上的差異,在商務(wù)函電翻譯中的應(yīng)用有助于強(qiáng)化譯文的邏輯性、規(guī)范性和準(zhǔn)確度。正確運(yùn)用動態(tài)等值理論,在商務(wù)函電翻譯中具有重要意義。Abstract: Business English is an important carrier of international trade activities, involving consultation purchase, replies and quotations, subscription and confirmation, insurance, packing, transportation, letter of credit and

13、 other payment methods, and processing of complaints, agency and other international all aspects of trade practices. Translation errors occur, such as correspondence, will inevitably lead to bungled opportunities both misunderstanding. The high quality of translation is to achieve "win-win"

14、; results. Keywords: Business English; correspondence; characteristics; translation Business English translation skills1 INTRODUCTION As international trade increasingly fierce market competition, international trade from more frequent, and business English has become a bridge between the internatio

15、nal community, it is indispensable to international trade communication tools. In fact, business English in control of international communication, international communication is inseparable from business English, business correspondence is also bound to lead to changes in style and language, which

16、fits the old words have been unable to keep up with the development of a new era. Today, the exchange of information between business requirements is simple, focused, and has become a communication trend, Business English translation of a letter from the business style of language features to procee

17、d. 2 Characteristics of Business English Business correspondence and exchange of information in general is different from its distinct characteristics and a fixed translation principle, its objective is to maintain good business relations, the promotion of business communication, to ensure normal bu

18、siness dealings. The core efficiency, economy, efficiency and simplicity to the core, and for high efficiency and substantial content, the two are mutually reinforcing, and indispensable. 2.1 Style of the bodyRe-allocation and portfolio in the information process, we should first consider the struct

19、ure of language, especially in style. In fact, the style is divided into five categories, namely professional style, formal style, informal style, free style, intimate style. As the business correspondence directly related to trade between countries of information, and with banks, customs, transport

20、ation, and legal expertise are inextricably linked, it should be divided into professional sports today, or the official style. 2.2 Language Features Business correspondence required by the three basic principles: accurate, concise and clear. These are the language requirements, and considerate, pol

21、ite, it is for the attitude and perspective requirements. Form also asked the integrity of the concrete correspondence should be rich in content, content to avoid redundant without meaningful words, content to take a strict focus. Business correspondence is not only special background, also called t

22、ranslators have real business skills. The main language features can be summarized in two points: the scope of Business Correspondence concerning trade, finance, foreign exchange, customs, commodity inspection, and many other areas, more obvious features of its industry, therefore, need to be a reas

23、onable choice of language; the specific mode of thinking of business people carefully, pay attention to language and when not. Specific performance is that language should be simple and clear, focused. Standardized terminology, grammar, well-structured, arranged in the general fixed sentence order.

24、Coherence, logic and strong. 2.3 Translation features Business correspondence translation is intended to reflect the actual effect of correspondence, accurate and timely communication of information, rather than to pure beauty and beautiful language. According to different types of trade, the purpos

25、e of their translation are not the same, using different means to handle different content; translation process is fixed, strict control of the error. Thus, the translator must not only familiar with the professional knowledge, but also a reasonable play. Translation not care about the meaning of th

26、e expression of accurate, precise terminology is also required; the same time, necessary to use the language with limited vocabulary to express a more precise meaning, the relevant information is more concise and accurate expression. As the business correspondence related to the English and Chinese

27、language translation and application, and correspondence has its language, grammar, sentence structure and other aspects of the specialty, plus Cultural differences, which led to the translation of business correspondence may not be accurate the expression of its meaning, can only be relatively accu

28、rate. Therefore, we must recognize this, the translation of business correspondence in the future play an important role. 3 Business English translation skills Correct understanding of original meaning is the basis for doing translation work. Translation is the conversion of two languages, two langu

29、ages to be translated officers have a better understanding of, and reasonable solution to the differences between them. The consummate translation skills to the problem here is dealing with translation skills involved are very broad, from language to grammar, from structure to content, every aspect

30、of the translation needs of translation skills as the basis, can be seen in the correspondence translation translation skills play an important role. 3.1 Vocabulary Translation Vocabulary Business English translation is critical, while the precise use of vocabulary is demonstrated skilful translatio

31、n skills, including some universities specialized vocabulary, the meaning of common words with the business and compound words, and so professional abbreviations. UC says such letters of credit; W.P.A water play, etc. insurance. If the translators did not understand these terms or no professional ex

32、pertise, we can not do the translation of business correspondence. English and Chinese, the same words appear in different means and different areas of the case, these are all multi-word meaning, if the dictionary alone is not really solving the problem, you must contact the context of the mean and,

33、 by summing up to find out the true meaning of the words represent. In Business English, we will encounter some words in their practical application in other words with concrete meaning arising after. Business correspondence translation and literary translation in general different. Literary transla

34、tion to ensure the original charm and content, so that bore a striking resemblance. Correspondence translation is needed is the precise translation of content. First of all, according to the correct use of language to use standard sets of words.Such as:Please quote us the lowest price CIF New York w

35、ith a 5 percent commission, and indicate the quantity that you can supply for October shipment. Using sets of words should be "Please quote CIF New York, the lowest price, including 5% commission, and indicate the amount available for shipment in October." Second, we must pay attention Pol

36、ysemy use. Such as "The product will find a good market in New York". This product will be in New York has a good market. "Chinese ceramic products are verypopular in Europe.We would like to work with you to market themin Canada". China's ceramic products are very popular in

37、Europe, we are willing to sell your cooperation in Canada. " From the above two examples can be seen, market both markets, sales, another marketing, sale was intended. Translation, but also based on the context, do the right translation of the word, to avoid misunderstanding. If The goods were

38、received contrary to our instructions arepacked in wooden cases without iron hoops. Sentence, contrary to our instructions are actually modified the "packaging" rather than "goods" means. Because contrary to our instructions from the position in advance, easy to interpreter. Fina

39、lly, in compliance with translation program, but also pay attention to the use of translation skills. If the letter Dear sirs, are generally not translated as "Dear Sir", but translated as "(Deacon) Mr." or "Path Sirs." 3.2 words polite, tactful tone A polite, courteous

40、 and quality, correspondence, make people feel comfortable reading the letter, while a good impression on the trade between the two sides have a positive effect, which reached the deal will greatly promote effect. Therefore, the translator in the translation of foreign correspondence should select t

41、he appropriate language of the time, not only to achieve a correct translation, but also to convey the original text of the full manifestation of courtesy, to ensure the formation of translation in the language of the other. We mainly by using the right tone, appropriate euphemism, as well as approp

42、riate strategies to implement the fuzzy language. For example, when refused to offer each other, usually using the "We regret to say that ." and other more moderate tone to express his meaning. Even if the transaction is not successful, will give each other a good impression and will not a

43、ffect future cooperation. "We are afraid, we would say ." "Wouldyou like ." and other sentences also have a soothing tone, to avoid the absolute role can be to discuss business cooperation and collaboration to leave more room for the establishment of beneficial cooperation . Appr

44、opriate use of vague language translation, courtesy of strategies can become more prominent. 3.3 Mr smooth, consistent style In foreign trade activities, transactions both from strange to familiar, from the beginning until the establishment of business relations reached a deal, during numerous excha

45、nges of correspondence with the changing conditions, contents of the letter is also changing. However, the translation correspondence should maintain a consistent style, consistent, accurately reflects the original letter, so read the letters people have kind of feeling, not that strange abruptness. English translation of the s