月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)閱讀理解改革新題型匹配題附答案與解析最新版

1、大學(xué)英語四級(jí)閱讀理解改革新題型（附答案和解析）練習(xí)(1)Part Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section B(原快速閱讀理解調(diào)整為長篇閱讀理解，篇章長度和難度不變。篇章后附有10個(gè)句子，每句一題。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出與每句所含信息相匹配的段落。)Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statementcontains information given in o

2、ne of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions bymarking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Caring for elderly parents catches many unpreparedA Last Jul

3、y, Julie Baldocchi，s mother had a massive stroke and was paralyzed. Baldocchi suddenly had to become a family caregiver, something that she wasnt prepared for. “I was flying by the seat of my pants,” says Baldocchi, an employment specialist in San Francisco. Both of her parents are 83, and she knew

4、her father couldnt handle her mothers care. The hospital recommended putting her mother in a nursing home. Baldocchi wasnt willing to do that. But moving her back into her parents home created other problems. Baldocchi, 48, is married and lives about a mile away from her parents. She has a full-time

5、 job and has back problems that make it difficult for her to lift her mother. “I couldnt do it all,” she says. “But I didnt even know how to find help.”B With help from the Family Caregiver Alliance, she eventually hired a live-in caregiver. “But even if you plan intellectually and legally, youre ne

6、ver ready for the emotional impact,” Baldocchi says. In the first two months after her mothers stroke, she lost about 30 pounds as stress mounted. More than 42 million Americans provide family caregiving for an adult who needs help with daily activities, according to a 2009 survey by the AARP. An ad

7、ditional 61.6 million provided at least some care during the year. And many are unprepared.C While many parents lack an advance care directive, its the most basic and important step they can take. The directive includes several parts, including: a durable power of attorney, which gives someone legal

8、 authority to make financial decisions on anothers behalf; a health care proxy, which is similar to the power of attorney, except it allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment; and a living will that outlines instructions for end-of-life care. (For example, parents can say if they

9、want to be kept alive by artificial measures.) “Its invaluable for the kids, because its hard to make those decisions for a parent,” says Jennifer Cona, an elder- law attorney at Genser Dubow Genser & Cona in Melville, N.Y. An advance care directive is the first line of defense if a situation arises

10、, says Kathleen Kelly, executive director of the Family Caregiver Alliance, which supports and educates caregivers. Without an advance directive, the family will have to petition the court to be appointed the parents legal guardian, says AgingC.D Its important for families to talk about long-term ca

11、re so the adult children know their parents，preferences, wishes and goals, says Lynn Feinberg, a caregiving expert at AARP. But its not an easy conversation. Elderly parents are sometimes suspicious of their childrens financial motives, says Susan John, a financial planner at Financial Focus in Wolf

12、eboro, N.H. One client asked John to hold a family meeting because they needed an intermediary to talk about financial issues, she says. And when there are many siblings, the family decisions can become a three-ring circus with much acrimony, says Ann-Margaret Carrozza, an elder-law attorney in Glen

13、 Cove, N.Y. Families who need information and help sorting out disagreements can call on elder-law attorneys, financial planners, geriatric care managers and caregiver support groups. In February, AARP said it will offer its members a new caregiving support service through financial services firm Ge

14、nworth.E Many families are unprepared for quick decisions, especially when they find out that Medicare doesnt pay for long-term care, Feinberg says. The median cost of a year in a private room at a nursing home in 2011 was $77,745, according to Genworth. And only those who have spent most of their a

15、ssets can qualify for Medicaid to pay for the nursing home. F Assisted living is another option. Residents can have their own apartment to maintain some independence. But the facilities generally provide personal care services, such as meals, housekeeping and assistance with activities. Still, its n

16、ot cheap: The national median cost in 2011 was $39,135, according to Genworth. Assisted living isnt covered by Medicaid.G If they have a choice, at least 90% of elderly parents prefer to stay at home as long as they can, according toAARP research. But if the parents can no longer safely live at home

17、, it can be hard for children to move them into an adult care facility. There may be another option. Sometimes the home can be modified so a parent can stay there. For example, Baldocchi put in a chair lift for her mother. She also arranged for a home caregiver.H Family caregivers take over many res

18、ponsibilities. One might manage a parents finances, while another sibling will take the parent to doctors appointments and shopping. Those who move in with a parent take on a significant and sustained burden of care. Jan Walker moved into her mothers home in Leesburg, Fla. After her mother, who is 8

19、3, had fallen, she wasnt able to get around as well. Walker, 55, has three brothers. But she is the only daughter, is divorced and has no children. “I always knew that this was the role that I would have, and I guess my mind was prepared for it,” says Walker, who now is a full-time caregiver and wor

20、ks from home as a tutorial instructor for a digital scrapbooking website. “When you get into the trenches, its literally baptism by fire,” she says. “New things come up. Its not just about advance planning for finances or medical care. Its everything,” she says.I Caregivers need to also watch their

21、own health. “There is such a thing as caregiver burnout, ” Cona says. Among female caregivers 50 and older, 20% reported symptoms of depression, according to a 2010 study on working caregivers by MetLife. “Its a hard job,” Walker says. “But most worthwhile things are hard. She was always there for m

22、e when I needed a helping hand. Its only natural that I be here for her now.”46. When elderly parents cannot live at home safely, their children can change their home instead of sending them to an adult care facility.47. To talk about long-term care is not easy because sometimes aged parents are sus

23、picious of their childrens financial motives.48. Besides advance planning for finances or medical care, family caregivers take over many other responsibilities.49. The difference between a durable power of attorney and a health care proxy is that the latter allows someone to make decisions regarding

24、 medical treatment.50. Baldocchi did not want to send her mother to a nursing home, but she had difficulty taking care of her.51. Over 42 million caregivers helped an adult with everyday activities in the USA in 2009.52. If a family needs information or help to sort out disagreements, there are many

25、 people they can call on.53. Caregivers should pay attention to their own health, or they may burn out or become depressed.54. One will have to petition the court to be the parents legal guardian, if there is no advance directive.55. The national median cost of assisted living in 2011 was $39,135 an

26、d it is not covered by Medicaid.Section B46. G。題干意為，當(dāng)上了年紀(jì)的父母住在家里不安全時(shí)，他們的孩子可以改變他們的家，而不是將他們送 到成人看護(hù)中心去。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞live at home safely和adult care facility。文章段落中，G段提 到了上了年紀(jì)的父母住在家里不安全和成人看護(hù)中心的內(nèi)容，該段第二至四句提到，如果上了年紀(jì)的父 母住在家里不再安全，對(duì)于孩子來說將他們送到成人看護(hù)中心也很難，不過有另外一種選擇可以改 變他們的家以適合他們?cè)谀抢锒冗^晚年。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為G。47. D。題干

27、意為，談?wù)撻L期護(hù)理問題并不容易，因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)老年人會(huì)懷疑自己孩子有金錢方面的動(dòng)機(jī)。注意 抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞talk about long-term care、suspicious of和financial motives。文章段落中，D段提到了 談?wù)撻L期護(hù)理和老年人會(huì)懷疑自己孩子的內(nèi)容，該段前三句指出，家庭成員談?wù)撻L期護(hù)理問題是很重要 的，這樣才能了解父母的喜好和意愿等，但是這并不容易，有時(shí)候父母會(huì)懷疑子女有金錢方面的動(dòng)機(jī)。由 此可知，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為D。48. H。題干意為，除了提前進(jìn)行資金和醫(yī)療方面的規(guī)劃，家庭護(hù)理人員還有其他許多責(zé)任。注意抓住題干 中的關(guān)鍵詞planning

28、for finances or medical care和many other responsibilities。文章段落中，H 段首先就提到 了家庭護(hù)理人員要承擔(dān)許多責(zé)任，該段最后指出，家庭護(hù)理不僅僅要提前做好資金和醫(yī)療規(guī)劃，一切問題 都要考慮到。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為H。49. C。題干意為，永久授權(quán)書和醫(yī)療保健代理委托書的區(qū)別在于，后者允許某人做出有關(guān)醫(yī)療方面的決定。 注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞a durable power of attorney和a health care proxy。文章段落中，只有C段提到了 這兩個(gè)專有名詞，該段第二句指出，護(hù)理指示應(yīng)該包含a du

29、rable power of attorney、a health care proxy和a living will。在介紹health care proxy時(shí)提到，它與durable power of attorney相似，只是它允許某人做出有關(guān)醫(yī)療方面的決定。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為C。50. A。題干意為，Baldocchi不想將母親送到療養(yǎng)院，但是她又很難照顧她。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞 Baldocchi和nursing home。文章段落中，有幾段都提到了 Baldocchi,但是提到她不想將母親送往療養(yǎng)院但 自己照顧母親又有困難的只有A段。題干內(nèi)容是對(duì)原文第一段的總

30、結(jié)，故答案為A。51. B。題干意為，2009年，美國有超過4200萬護(hù)理人員幫忙照料成年人的日常生活。題干中的關(guān)鍵詞為Over 42 million caregivers和help an adult with everyday activities。文章段落中，B段倒數(shù)第三句提到 了 More than 42 million Americans provide family caregiving for an adult who needs help with daily activities,其中 More than 42 million和daily activities分別與題干中的Ov

31、er 42 million和everyday activities為同義互換。故答案為B。52. D。題干意為，如果一個(gè)家庭需要解決糾紛的信息或幫助，他們可以向很多人求助。注意抓住題干中的關(guān) 鍵詞sort out disagreements和call on。文章段落中，D段倒數(shù)第二句提到，如果一些家庭需要解決糾紛的信息或 者幫助，他們可以向老年法律師、金融規(guī)劃師、老年人護(hù)理經(jīng)理和護(hù)理人員組織求助。由此可知，題干是對(duì) 原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為D。53. I。題干意為，家庭護(hù)理人員應(yīng)該注意自己的身體健康，否則他們可能會(huì)累垮或者變得心情抑郁。注意抓 住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞their own health、

32、burn out和depressed。文章段落中，提到要護(hù)理人員注意自己身體的是I 段，該段前三句指出，家庭護(hù)理人員也要注意自己的身體，有的時(shí)候護(hù)理者可能會(huì)累垮。對(duì)年齡在50歲及以 上的女性護(hù)理人員的調(diào)查顯示，有20%的人稱自己有抑郁癥狀。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文這三句話的同義轉(zhuǎn) 述，故答案為I 。題干中的 pay attention to their own health和原文中的 watch their own health對(duì)應(yīng)。54. C。題干意為，如果沒有提前準(zhǔn)備一份護(hù)理說明，那么想成為父母的合法監(jiān)護(hù)人需要向法庭申請(qǐng)。注意 抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞petition the court、pare

33、nts legal guardian和no advance directive。本題比較簡單，這幾個(gè)關(guān) 鍵詞均在文章C 段中直接出現(xiàn)，該段最后一句提到，Without an advance directive, the family will have to petition the court to be appointed the parents legal guardian。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案 為 C。55. F。題干意為，2011年，全國生活協(xié)助的平均花費(fèi)為39，135美元，而且這項(xiàng)花費(fèi)也不在醫(yī)療補(bǔ)助計(jì)劃的范 圍之內(nèi)。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞2011、$39，135

34、和Medicaid。本題也比較容易，掃讀全文，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)在F 段出現(xiàn)了2011和$39，135這兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞，并且后面也提到生活協(xié)助并不包含在醫(yī)療補(bǔ)助計(jì)劃之內(nèi)。由此可 知，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為F。練習(xí)2Part Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section B(原快速閱讀理解調(diào)整為長篇閱讀理解，篇章長度和難度不變。篇章后附有10個(gè)句子，每句一題。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出與每句所含信息相匹配的段落。)Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with

35、 ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding lette

36、r on Answer Sheet 2.Beauty and Body Image in the MediaA Images of female bodies are everywhere. Womenand their body partssell everything from food to cars. Popular film and television actresses are becoming younger, taller and thinner. Some have even been known to faint on the set from lack of food.

37、 Womens magazines are full of articles urging that if they can just lose those last twenty pounds, theyll have it allthe perfect marriage, loving children, great sex, and a rewarding career.B Why are standards of beauty being imposed on women, the majority of whom are naturally larger and more matur

38、e than any of the models? The roots, some analysts say, are economic. By presenting an ideal difficult to achieve and maintain, the cosmetic and diet product industries are assured of growth and profits. And its no accident that youth is increasingly promoted, along with thinness, as an essential cr

39、iterion of beauty. If not all women need to lose weight, for sure theyre all aging, says the Quebec Action Network for Womens Health in its 2001 report. And, according to the industry, age is a disaster that needs to be dealt with.C The stakes are huge. On the one hand, women who are insecure about

40、their bodies are more likely to buy beauty products, new clothes, and diet aids. It is estimated that the diet industry alone is worth anywhere between 40 to 100 billion (U.S.) a year selling temporary weight loss (90% to 95% of dieters regain the lost weight). On the other hand, research indicates

41、that exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed female bodies is linked to depression, loss of self-esteem and the development of unhealthy eating habits in women and girls.D The American research group Anorexia Nervosa & Related Eating Disorders, Inc. says that one out of every four college-age

42、d women uses unhealthy methods of weight controlincluding fasting, skipping meals, excessive exercise, laxative (瀉藥)abuse, and self-induced vomiting. The pressure to be thin is also affecting young girls: the Canadian Womens Health Network warns that weight control measures are now being taken by gi

43、rls as young as 5 and 6. American statistics are similar. Several studies, such as one conducted by Marika Tiggemann and Levina Clark in 2006 titled “Appearance Culture in 9- to 12-Year-Old Girls: Media and Peer Influences on Body Dissatisfaction,” indicate that nearly half of all preadolescent girl

44、s wish to be thinner, and as a result have engaged in a diet or are aware of the concept of dieting. In 2003, Teen magazine reported that 35 percent of girls 6 to 12 years old have been on at least one diet, and that 50 to 70 percent of normal weight girls believe they are overweight. Overall resear

45、ch indicates that 90% of women are dissatisfied with their appearance in some way. Media activist Jean Kilbourne concludes that, “Women are sold to the diet industry by the magazines we read and the television programs we watch, almost all of which make us feel anxious about our weight.” E Perhaps t

46、he most disturbing is the fact that media images of female beauty are unattainable for all but a very small number of women. Researchers generating a computer model of a woman with Barbie-doll proportions, for example, found that her back would be too weak to support the weight of her upper body, an

47、d her body would be too narrow to contain more than half a liver and a few centimeters of bowel. A real woman built that way would suffer from chronic diarrhea (慢性腹瀉)and eventually die from malnutrition. Jill Barad, President of Mattel (which manufactures Barbie), estimated that 99% of girls aged 3

48、to 10 years old own at least one Barbie doll. Still, the number of real life women and girls who seek a similarly underweight body is epidemic, and they can suffer equally devastating health consequences. In 2006 it was estimated that up to 450, 000 Canadian women were affected by an eating disorder

49、.F Researchers report that womens magazines have ten and one-half times more ads and articles promoting weight loss than mens magazines do, and over three-quarters of the covers of womens magazines include at least one message about how to change a womans bodily appearanceby diet, exercise or cosmet

50、ic surgery. Television and movies reinforce the importance of a thin body as a measure of a womans worth. Canadian researcher Gregory Fouts reports that over three-quarters of the female characters in TV situation comedies are underweight, and only one in twenty are above average in size. Heavier ac

51、tresses tend to receive negative comments from male characters about their bodies (“How about wearing a sack?，)，and 80 percent of these negative comments are followed by canned audience laughter.G There have been efforts in the magazine industry to buck (才氐制，反抗)the trend. For several years the Quebe

52、c magazine Coup de Pouce has consistently included full-sized women in their fashion pages and Chatelaine has pledged not to touch up photos and not to include models less than 25 years of age. In Madrid, one of the worlds biggest fashion capitals, ultra-thin models were banned from the runway in 20

53、06. Furthermore Spain has recently undergone a project with the aim to standardize clothing sizes through using a unique process in which a laser beam is used to measure real life womens bodies in order to find the most true to life measurement. H Another issue is the representation of ethnically di

54、verse women in the media. A 2008 study conducted by Juanita Covert and Travis Dixon titled “A Changing View: Representation and Effects of the Portrayal of Women of Color in Mainstream Womens Magazines” found that although there was an increase in the representation of women of colour, overall white

55、 women were overrepresented in mainstream womens magazines from 1999 to 2004.I The barrage of messages about thinness, dieting and beauty tells “ordinary” women that they are always in need of adjustmentand that the female body is an object to be perfected. Jean Kilbourne argues that the overwhelmin

56、g presence of media images of painfully thin women means that real womens bodies have become invisible in the mass media. The real tragedy, Kilbourne concludes, is that many women internalize thesestereotypes, and judge themselves by the beauty industrys standards. Women learn to compare themselves

57、toother women, and to compete with them for male attention. This focus on beauty and desirability “effectively destroys any awareness and action that might help to change that climate.”46. A report in Teen magazine showed that 50% to 70% girls with normal weight think that they need to lose weight.4

58、7. On the whole, for 6 years white women had been occupying much more space in mainstream womens magazines since 1999.48. Some negative effects such as depression and unhealthy eating habits in females are related to their being exposed to images of thin and young female bodies.49. The mass media has helped boost the cosmetic and the diet industries.50. It is reported that there is at least one message about the methods for women to change their bodil