高中英語語法之倒裝正式版

1、高中英語語法之倒裝倒裝是一種語法手段，用于表示一定的句子結(jié)構(gòu)或強調(diào)某一句子成分。倒裝句有兩種：完全倒裝和部分倒裝。1. 完全倒裝1） 完全倒裝即把整個謂語放到主語之前（是整個謂語動詞，而非助動詞）。例如： In came the teacher and the class began. （老師走了進(jìn)來，然后開始上課。）2） there 引出的完全倒裝句：除了最常見的there be 句型以外，there 還可以接appear, exist,lie, remain, seem to be, stand等，一般都譯成 “有”的含義，構(gòu)成完全倒裝句。例如： There appeared to be

2、a man in black in the distance. （遠(yuǎn)處有個穿黑色衣服的人。）3） 由地點和時間副詞引出的完全倒裝句：以地點副詞here, there 和時間副詞now, then 開頭，后面的動詞是 be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等，而主語又是名詞時，構(gòu)成完全倒裝句。Up climbed the boy when his mother came.4）表示運動方向的副詞或地點狀語置于句首，謂語表示運動的動詞且主語是名詞時使用完全倒裝Out rushed a missile from under

3、 the bomber. 轟炸機肚底下竄出一枚導(dǎo)彈。Out he rushed.注意：4） 在 here, there 引出的倒裝句中，當(dāng)主語是普通名詞時用完全倒裝句，但當(dāng)主語是代詞時，就要用部分倒裝句。例： Here comes the postman! （郵遞員終于來了！注意實意謂語動詞位于主語之前。）Here we are.（我們到了。注意系動詞位于主語代詞之后。）5） 當(dāng)主語是代詞，謂語是系動詞，表語是說明性的詞、詞組和定語從句時，可以使用完全倒裝句，起強調(diào)作用。例： Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.

4、 （他真幸運，被一所名牌大學(xué)錄取了。 ）Typical for China is the crosstalk show where a pair of comedians entertains the audience withword play. （中國典型的是相聲表演，兩個喜劇演員通過文字游戲逗樂觀眾）2. 部分倒裝1） 部分倒裝即只把謂語的一部分（如助動詞、情態(tài)動詞等）放到主語前，或把句子的強調(diào)成分提前。Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about （

5、疾病沒有使他放棄過上夢想中的生活）2） 以否定詞開頭的句子要求部分倒裝。注意下列句子中助動詞或情態(tài)動詞提前、甚至補充助動詞的用法：例： Not until yesterday did little John change his mind. （小約翰直到昨天才改變了主意。）In no country other than Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the courseof a single day.（據(jù)說除了英國世界上沒有哪個國家能讓人在一天中感受到四季變化）3） 以否定副詞開頭并加狀語放在句首的

6、句子要求部分倒裝。這些否定副詞有barely, hardly,little, seldom, scarcelywhen, never, no soonerthan, rarely, no more, not nearly, not only等以及only。Only in the country can you learn the“ true English ” .4） 一些如 scarcely when, no sooner than, hardly 弓 I導(dǎo)的劉hen合句主句要求使用過去完成式。注意： 在部分倒裝句中，只有助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或連系動詞to be 可以置于主語之前，其它部分都要置

7、于主語之后。5）此外，一些介詞+no+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中需要用部分倒裝，這些結(jié)構(gòu)包括 at no time; by no means;by no manner of means; for no reason; in no case; in/under no circumstances; in no sense; in no way; on no account; on no consideration; at no point 例如 Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money.注意：a） 如果含有從句時，只要求主句倒裝：例： Only

8、after he had spoken out the word did herealize he had made a big mistake.（ 只有當(dāng)他已經(jīng)說出那個字后才意識到自己犯了個大錯誤。）b） 如果上述否定副詞出現(xiàn)在強調(diào)句型中的前半部分，不用倒裝：例： It was not until he went abroad that he know the truth of the fact. （直到他出國以后才了解到事實真相。）c） 如果 hardly, scarcely 后面接的是any, ever, at all 時，意義類似almost no/ not/ never （幾乎不、從

9、不），則無須倒裝。例： Hardly any people having been invited went there. （幾乎沒有什么受到邀請的人去那里了。）6） 由 no matter how, however 和 how 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句要求部分倒裝，因為形容詞或副詞通常緊跟在這三個引導(dǎo)詞后面，然后才是主語和謂語，形成形式上的部分倒裝句：例： I know nothing about this river, neither how long, how wide nor how deep it is. （ 我一點也不了解這條河，不知道它有多長，多寬或多深。）7） 由 as 引導(dǎo)的部分倒裝句

10、：a）當(dāng)as作為比較意義時，即用于 as + adj./ adv. + as結(jié)構(gòu)中時，如果把第一個as省略掉，就形成部分倒裝句。例： Cautious as the rest of her family （was） , she didnt seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question. （正如她家里人一樣謹(jǐn)慎小心，她似乎不愿意立即回答我的問題。）She charged the stairs, quick as a rabbit （ran）. （她跑上樓去，跑得象兔子那么快?。゜）當(dāng)as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語時，和 although, tho

11、ugh 一樣，當(dāng)用作 盡管”之義時，可以用于部分倒裝句。Hard as he worked, he did not pass the exam.（ 雖然他很用功，但他還是沒及格）c） 表示原因時，為了強調(diào)起見，也可以倒裝。例：Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him. （因為他太累了，我們決定不打擾他。）d） 等于 so 時，意義是“也，也是”例：She worked hard, so/ as did her husband. （她工作很努力，她的丈夫工作也很努力。）3. 其它情況的倒裝句1） so, neither, nor除了構(gòu)成上述倒裝

12、句以外，還可以取代上文出現(xiàn)的名詞、形容詞甚至整句話，構(gòu)成完全倒裝句或部分倒裝句。但這兩種倒裝的意義不同。a） 當(dāng) so 表示 “也，相同，那樣”時，通常表示對前一句肯定句的贊同、一致內(nèi)容，要求使用完全倒裝句：He promised to finish my homework, so did I.b） so /such 句酷可以構(gòu)成部分倒裝句，表示強調(diào)so /such和that之間的部分：例： So selfish was she that everyone avoid talking with her.c）也存在 such+be+主語的情況用以強調(diào)，例如 Such was Albert Ein

13、stein, a simple man of great achievements.（阿爾伯特？愛因斯坦是一個有偉大成就的普通人）d） neither 和 nor 共有 4 種倒裝形式，其含義分別為：1）完全倒裝時：表示也不，和上文a）用法正好相反，表示對前一句否定句的贊同或一致內(nèi)容。例： You dont know what to do now, neither/ nor do I . （ 你不知道現(xiàn)在該做什么，我也不知道。）2） 和其它否定副詞連用，表示也（不），也要求用完全倒裝句：例： The besieged enemy could not advance, nor / neither

14、 retreat could they . （被包圍的敵人既不能進(jìn)，也不能退。）注意：若把這句話改成：The besieged enemy could neither advance nor retreat. （被包圍的敵人既不能進(jìn)，也不能退。） 就不必倒裝。She never laughed, nor did she ever lose her temper.3） 用在肯定句里，構(gòu)成一般否定倒裝：例： All that is true, nor must we forget it. （那全都是真的，我們可不能忘記。）4） 部分倒裝，有承上啟下作用，表示同意和贊同：例： A: I couldn

15、t do anything for her. （我?guī)筒涣怂?。?: Nor you could, but you might have got somebody to help her. （ 你是不能幫她，但你本可以找人幫她的。）2） 在進(jìn)行比較的句子里，如果主語不是代詞時，可以倒裝：例： America consumes more energy than did our country. （美國消耗的能源比我們國家多。）3）在某些表示祝愿的句型中要求倒裝。如 May you happy.4）在文學(xué)作品中常出現(xiàn)倒裝，有些是由于語法習(xí)慣，有些是為了簡單的修辭，如Not evenone cloud

16、 will I bring away （不帶走一片云彩）.注 : 如果 only 后面的詞組不是狀語,則不用倒裝.Only Wang Ling knows this .如果直接引語后注明引語是什么人說的，而且主語是名詞時，用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)；主語是代詞時，一般不用倒裝。 Let go , said the man .練習(xí)1. Not until I began to work how much time I had wasted.A. didn t I realize B. did I realize C. I didn t realize D. I realize2. Where is Kate?

17、Look， , she is at the school gate.A. there she is B. there is she C. here you are D. here it is3. Which of the following sentences is correct?A. In the teacher came B. In did come the teacherC. In did the teacher come D. In came the teacher4. Out , with a stick in his hand.A. did he rush B. rushed h

18、e C. he rushed D. he did rush5. , he is honest.A. As he is poor B. Poor is he C. Poor as he is D. Poor as is he6. , he knows a lot of things.A. A child as he is B. Child as he is C. A child as is he D. Child as is he7. , you can t lift yourself up.A. Even you re strong B. Strong as you areC. How str

19、ong you are D. In spite you re strong8. So carelessly that he almost killed himself.A. he drives B. he drove C. does he drive D. did he drive9. Early in the day the news the enemy were gone.A. come; that B. came; that C. comes; that D. came; what10. Only when you realize the importance of foreign la

20、nguagesthem well.A. you can learn B. can you learn C. you learned D. did you learn11. Only after liberation to be treated as human beings.A. did they begin B. they had begun C. they did begin D. had they begun12. Not only to stay at home, but he was also forbidden to see his friends.A. he was forcin

21、g B. he was forced C. was he forcing D. was he forced13. Not until his father was out of prisonto school.A. can John go B. John can go C. could John go D. John could go14. Never before seen such a stupid man.A. am I B. was I C. have I D. shall I15. Rarely such a silly thing.A. have I heard of B. I h

22、ave heard of C. am I heard of D. had I heard of16. Little about his own health though he was very ill.A. he cared B. did he care C. does he care D. he cares17. Only when in the afternoon able to leave.A. the match was over; they were B. was the match over; were theyC. was the match over; they were D

23、. the match was over; were they18. Hardly down he stepped in.A. had I sat; than B. I had sat; when C. had I sat; then D. had I sat; when19. No sooner asleep than she heard a knock at the door.A. she had fallen B. had she fallen C. she had fell D. had she fell20. She did not see Smith. .A. Neither di

24、d I B. Nor didn t I C. Neither I did D. So didn t I21. In front of the farmhouse .A. lay a peasant boy B. laid a peasant boy C. a peasant lay D. did a peasant boy lie22. You ought to have given them some advice. , but who cared what I said ?A. So ought you B. So I ought C. So did you D. So I did23.

25、It was hot yesterday. .A. It was so. B. So was it. C. So it was. D. So it did24. No longer to be monitor of the class.A. is he fit B. he is fit C. he fit D. fit be25. You like football very much. .A. So do IB. So I do C. I do too D. It is the same with me26. Only by practicing a few hours every day_

26、 be able to master the language.A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you27. Hardly the bus stop _ the bus arrived.A. we had got to; when B. we had got to; thenC. had we got to; than D. had we got to; when28. Where is your brother? There .A. he is coming B. he comes C. comes he D. does he come29

27、. earlier you would have met him.A. If you came B. If you did come C. Did you come D. Had you come30. Not only polluted but crowded.A. was the city; were the street B. the city was; were the streetC. was the city; the streets were D. the city was; the streets were31. She is a teacher and works at th

28、e college. .A. So is Li Ming B. So does Li Ming C. So is it with Li Ming D. So it is with Li Ming32. Now _ Tom s turn to recite the text.A. there is B. is going C. has come D. comes33. Hearing the cat coming, off.A. fled all the mice B. away fled the mice C. all the mice fled away D. fleeing all the

29、 mice34. reading and speaking English every day, he would speak it well enough now.A. Had he practiced B. Did he practice C. Should he practice D. Were he to practice35. Nearby in which they had spent their summer vacation.A. was two houses B. two houses were C. were two houses D. are two houses36.

30、Not only a writer but also here.A. an actor was wanted B. was an actor wantedC. an actor were wanted D. were an actor wanted37. So tired after a whole day s heavy work that I stand on my feet.A. was I; could hardly B. was I felt; could hardlyC. was I; couldn t hardly D. I was; hardly couldn t38. Onl

31、y in this wayexpect to get over so many difficulties.A. we are sure to B. can we C. that we can D. that can we39. After that we never saw her again, nor from her.A. did we hear B. we heard C. has we heard D. we have heard40. Look,.A. here the bus comes B. here is the bus coningC. here comes the bus

32、D. here the bus is coming41. Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother? I don t know, .A. nor don t I care B. nor do I care C. I don t care neither D. I don t care also42. You can t imagine when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how exci

33、ted were they D. they were how excited43. Not until all the fish died in the river how serious the pollution was.A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realizedC. the villagers did realized D. didn t the villagers realize44. Little about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.A

34、. does he care B. did he care C. he cares D. he cared45. David has made great progress recently. , and .A. So he has; so you have B. So he has; so have youC. So has he; so have D. So has he; so you have46. It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night. My God! .A. So did I B. So

35、 I did C. So were you D. So did you47. Not a single song at yesterday s party.A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing D. she did sing48. the people have become masters of their own country that science can really serve thepeople.A. Only then B. It is only then C. Only when D. It is only when49. Not

36、only difficult to understand, but it was too long.A. it was B. it made C. did it make D. was it50. Only when the rain stopped again.A. the match started B. does the match startC. did the match start D. the match had started51. had I finished my translation when the class was over.A. Never B. No sooner C. Hardly D. How52. In and the lesson began.A. he came B. came he C. he comes D. comes he53. On the wall two large pictures.