高中語法30講第30講強調(diào)語序倒裝省略

1、強調(diào)、語序、倒裝和省略所謂強調(diào)，就是指要突出句中的某一個部分，使其顯得更加重要。強調(diào)句的基本句型是：Itis/was+被強調(diào)的成分+that/who/whom+其他成分。倒裝也是強調(diào)的手段之一。 省略是為了避 免重復(fù)或是由于習慣而省略句子中的一個或幾個句子成分。本章將從強調(diào)句的基本句型講起，之后對語序做分類講解，包括定語的語序和狀語的語序，然后對倒裝做全面的分析，最后講解英語中關(guān)于省略的重要用法。典型例句：1.It was in London that I met Ann.（強調(diào)）我是在倫敦遇到安的。2 .Do you like these animals?（倒裝）你喜歡這些動物嗎？3 . （

2、I am） Glad to see you.（省略）很高興見到你。一、強調(diào)1 .強調(diào)句的基本句型2 .用下面的句型來強調(diào)某個詞或某個短語句型：It is/was+被強調(diào)的成分+that/who/whom+其他成分They will have a meeting in this office tomorrow. 他們明天要在這個辦公室開個會。一 It is they who/that will have a meeting in this office tomorrow.（強調(diào)主語）就是他們（而不是別人），明天要在這個辦公室開個會。一 It is a meeting that they will

3、 have in this office tomorrow.（強調(diào)賓語）他們明天要在這個辦公室開個會（而不是做別的）。一 It is tomorrow that they will have a meeting in this office. （強調(diào)時間狀語）fIt is in this office that they will have a meeting tomorrow. （強調(diào)地點狀語）就在這個辦公室（而不是其他地方） ，他們明天要開個會。3 .使用強調(diào)句型的注意事項強調(diào)句中常強調(diào)主語、賓語（包括介詞賓語）、狀語，可以強調(diào)單個的詞、短語和從句。it 本身沒有詞義強調(diào)句中的連接詞一般只

4、用who, whom （指代人）和that （可指代物，也可指代人），即使在強調(diào)時間狀語從句和地點狀語從句時也如此。 that 或 who， whom 之后動詞的人稱和數(shù)要與它前面被強調(diào)的名詞或代詞一致（即人稱和數(shù)要與原句中的一致），且 不可以省略。強調(diào)句的時態(tài)只有兩種：一般現(xiàn)在時和 一般過去時。 原句謂語動詞是一般過去時、過去完成時和過去進行時，用It was.，其余的時態(tài)用It is. 。It was Joe whom he waited for last night. 他昨晚等的人是喬。Was it in Shanghai that he used to live?他曾經(jīng)在上海住過，是嗎

5、？When was it that the Long March started? 長征是什么時候開始的？3.強調(diào)詞it 和形式主語it 的判別可用恢復(fù)原句的方式來判別，即把It is/was.that.取消后，如果剩下的詞仍能組成一個完整的句子 ，那么這就是強調(diào)句型，否則就不是。 It's in that very seat that the teacher sat down.老師坐的就是那個座位。去掉 It wasthat就變成： （正）In that very seat the teacher sat down. It is clear that not all boys lik

6、e football. 很明顯，不是所有的男孩都喜歡踢足球。去掉 It isthat就變成： （誤）Clear not all boys like football.說明：中去掉It wasthat后仍是完整的句子，由此可判斷它是 強調(diào)句，強調(diào)的是地點狀語 in that very seart。中去掉It is.that. 后 不是完整的句子，因此它不是強調(diào)句，it 是形式主語。2.not.until. 句型的強調(diào)句1 . 基本用法句型： It is/was not until+ 被強調(diào)部分+that+ 其他成分My boyfriend didn t start to work until/t

7、ill ten o clock. 我男朋友直到10 點才開始工作。fIt was not until ten o'clock that my boyfriend started to work. （強調(diào)句）注意：此句型只用 until ，不能用till ，但如果這句不是強調(diào)句型，則till 和 until 可以通用。Regular radio broadcasts didn t begin until/till 1920. 直到 1920 年，收音機才開始普遍使用。（在 1920 年以前，收音機使用不普遍。）fIt was not until 1920 that regular rad

8、io broadcasts began.（強調(diào)句）I didn t realize she was a famous film star until/till she took off her dark glasses.直到這位大電影明星把她的墨鏡摘下來，我才認出她來。fIt was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.（強調(diào)句）注意：因為句型It is/was not已經(jīng)是否定句了，所以that后面的從句要用肯定句，切勿再用 否定句。2 .與倒裝句的轉(zhuǎn)換原句：I

9、did n't notice it until /till yesterday直到昨天我才注意到這件事。強調(diào)句：It was not until yesterday that I notice it.倒裝句：Not until yesterday did I notice it.原句：I did n't phone the office until /till Wednesday直到星期三我才給辦公室打去電話。強調(diào)句：It was not until Wednesday that I phoned the office.倒裝句：Not until Wednesday did I

10、 phone the office.原句： The bus will not go until /till all the people get on it. 直到所有的人都上車，車才開走。強調(diào)句：It is not until all the people get on it that the bus will go.倒裝句：Not until all the people get on it will the bus go.=Only when all the people get on it will the bus go.3 .謂語動詞的強調(diào)It is/wasthat結(jié)構(gòu)不能強調(diào)謂語，

11、如果需要強調(diào)謂語，要用助動詞do, does或did。請同學們仔細看下面的幾個例句。Do sit down.（務(wù)必）請坐。He does work hard.他學習確實努力。He did remember writing to you last week. 他確實記得上周給你寫了信。The letter I was expecting did arrive yesterday.我直期待的那封信昨天終于至U了。重要：此種強調(diào)句 只用do, does和did,沒有別的形式。過去時用did,后面的謂語動詞用原形。二、語序在英語中，句子的一般語序為“主語+謂語+賓語”，此語序與漢語基本相同，但是定語

12、和 狀語 在句子中的位置，英語和漢語略有差異，本節(jié)內(nèi)容即對此做詳細說明。1. 定語的語序1 . 當定語是形容詞或動詞-ing 形式時當定語是形容詞或動詞-ing 形式時，在英語中多將定語放在所修飾詞的前面，與漢語相同。He is a naughty boy.（形容詞作定語）他是個淘氣的男孩。I need some listening material.（動詞-ing形式作定語） 我需要一些聽力資料。2 .當定語是短語或定語從句時放在所修飾詞的后面當定語是短語（介詞短語、分詞短語、不定式短語）或定語從句時,The students in the room are from Asia. （介詞短語

13、作定語）房間里的學生們來自亞洲。The young man who is having his lunch is my boyfriend. （定語從句作定語）正在吃午飯的那個年輕人是我的男朋友。3 .當定語是副詞或某些動詞的過去分詞時當定語是副詞或某些動詞的過去分詞時放在所修飾詞的后面。The women here are for you. （副詞作定語）這兒的女士們都支持你。I like the books written by him .（過去分詞作定語）我喜歡他寫的書。4 .狀語的語序在句子中如果同時有時間狀語和地點狀語，先地點后時間：地點狀語-時間狀語。這和漢語中的狀語的語序不同，漢

14、語是先時間后地點。The 28th Olympic Games were held in Athens in 2004.第 28 屆奧運會于2004 年在雅典舉行。There was a spring rain in Shanghai last night.昨夜，上海下了一場春雨。I stayed there for three weeks last year.去年我在那里呆了 3 個星期。三、倒裝主語和謂語的順序分為兩種：自然語序-主語+謂語；倒裝語序-謂語+主語1. 倒裝的類別我們通常使用的是自然語序，即“主語在前，謂語在后”。但有時會將謂語的全部或一部分提到主語的前面，即采用倒裝語序。倒

15、裝的原因，或者是語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，或者是為了強調(diào)。倒裝語序又分為部分倒裝和全部倒裝兩種。下面我們將分別進行講解。1 .部分倒裝部分倒裝是謂語中的一部分（如情態(tài)動詞、助動詞或系動詞be）放在主語前面，其余部分仍在主語后面。Only in this way can we work out the physics problem.（情態(tài)動詞）只有用這種方法，我們才能解出這道物理題來。Never had he had any experience like that.（助動詞）他從來沒經(jīng)歷過那樣的事。Not only is he a singer,but （also） he is a dancer.（系

16、動詞 be）他不僅是一位歌唱家，而且還是一位舞蹈家。2 .全部倒裝全部倒裝是句子中沒有情態(tài)動詞、助動詞或系動詞 be時，要把謂語動詞放在主語的前面。Here comes the bus.公共汽車來了。Up went the arrow into the sky.箭嗖地一下射上了天。The door opened and out rushed the children .門一開，孩子們沖了出來。例外：這時若主語是 人稱代詞，則主謂不倒裝。Here he comes.他來了。Away they went .他們離開 了。Here you are.給你。Here we are.我們至U 了。3 .倒

17、裝的用法在英語中，倒裝從形式上分為部分倒裝和全部倒裝， 我們?yōu)榱吮阌诶斫夂褪褂茫?還可以把它 分為語法性倒裝和修辭性倒裝。 語法性倒裝是由于語法上的需要而必須倒裝的句子； 修辭性 倒裝，顧名思義，如果不是特意加以強調(diào)，可以不必倒裝。1. 語法性倒裝A. 各種疑問句的倒裝Are you doing your homework now? 你正在做你的家庭作業(yè)嗎？Which colour do you like best?你最喜歡什么顏色？注意：主語若是由一個疑問詞表示的或修飾的，語序不變。A: Who did it?誰做的這件事？ B:Li Ming did it.李明做的。（疑問詞who是主語，

18、語序不變，仍為"主語 who+謂語did”。）How many students in your school joined the army?你們學校有多少名學生參軍了 ？（主語 students由how many修飾，語序不變。）B.there be 句型中的倒裝在此句型中，無論是在陳述句中還是疑問句中，主語總是在謂語之后。There were no schools or hospitals there before 以前那里既沒有學校，也沒有醫(yī)院。Is there any milk in the bottle?瓶子里有牛奶嗎？說明： 在此句型中，there 是引導(dǎo)詞，真正的主語

19、在be 動詞之后。 上例中的schools or hospitals和 milk 是句子真正的主語。C.直接引語中的倒裝直接引語的一部分或全部放在句首時，它的主語 （說話人）和謂語 （引述動詞）常要倒裝。當主語是代詞或謂語含有助動詞時，一般不倒裝。如果謂語比主語長，或是它后面有賓語時，一般也不倒裝?！?Will you please carry it for me? ” said the old man .“勞駕，請幫我搬一下好嗎？”老人說?！癙lease do me a favour," he said."請幫我個忙?！八f。（主語是代詞時不倒裝）“I am hungry

20、," the little girl had said."我餓了?！毙∨⒄f?！?I can t understand you,please repeat it again,” Tom said to the stranger.“我沒明白你的意思，請您再重復(fù)一下。 ”湯姆對那個陌生人說。D. 省略 if 的虛擬語氣條件句中的倒裝if 引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣條件句中如果含有助動詞were， should 或 had 時，可以使用倒裝。句型：Were/Should/Had+ 主語 +=If+ 主語 +were/should/had+當 if 省略時，助動詞were， should 和

21、had 要倒裝到主語之前；而當if 不省略時，主語和助動詞要用正常語序。Were I to solve this problem,I should do it in a different way.=If I were to solve this problem,I should do it in a different way.要是我來解決這個問題，我要用一種不同的方法。Should Joe come,I would let you know at once.=If Joe should come,I would let you know at once.喬要是過來，我會立刻告知你。Had

22、you my troubles,you would despair.=If you had my troubles,you would despair.如果你遭遇到我的困難，你會絕望的。E.so， nor 和 neither 用于句首時的倒裝so， nor 和 neither 置于句首，用于說明前一句中謂語表示的情況也適用于另一個（些）人或物時，句子要倒裝。含義用法倒裝句型so也用于肯定句So+be/have/助動詞或情態(tài)動詞+主語neither/nor也不，也沒有用于否定句Neither/Nor+be/have/助動詞或情態(tài)動詞+主語A:I have had my breakfast.我吃過

23、早餐了。B:So have I .我也吃過了。注意：倒裝句中的助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、系動詞be等要和前一句中的保持一致。A:Li Ming can speak three languages.李明會說 3 種語言。B:SocanI.我也會（3 種）。A:Will you go to the cinema this weekend?這個周末你去看電影嗎？B:No,and neither will John.不去,約翰也不去。After that we never saw her again, nor did we hear from her.從那以后，我們就再也沒看到她，也沒收到她的信。F.as引導(dǎo)

24、的讓步狀語從句的倒裝句型：形容詞+as+主語+系動詞beStrong as Joe is,he cannot lift the weight.=Although/Though Joe is strong,he cannot lift the weight.=Joe is strong,but he cannot lift the weight.雖然喬很強壯，但他也沒能舉起這個重物。Angry as my father was,he didn't blame me.=Although my father was angry,he didn 't blame me.盡管父親很生氣，

25、但他沒有責怪我。Hard as steel is,it will bend or break under the action of a strong force.鋼雖然很硬，但在強力作用下也會彎曲或斷裂。句型：名詞（不帶冠詞）+as+主語+系動詞beChild as he is,he knows a lot of things.=Although/Though he is a child,he knows a lot of things.=He is a child,but he knows a lot of things.雖然他是個孩子，可是他知道很多事。Scientist as she

26、is,she wants to learn more.=Although she is a scientist,she wants to learn more.雖然她已經(jīng)是科學家了，她還是想學更多的東西。注意：此倒裝句型中，句首的名詞前不用冠詞。句型：副詞+as+主語+行為動詞Much asI like it,I won t buy it.=Although/Though I like it much,I wont buy it.=I like it much,but I won t buy it.雖然我很喜歡它，但我還是不會買它。Fast as you run,you cant catch

27、up with him.盡管你跑得很快，你還是趕不上他。句型：行為動詞+as+主語+助動詞Try as she does,she never seems able to succeed.=Although she tries,she never seems able to succeed.=She tries but she never seems able to succeed.無論她怎樣努力，她似乎都不能成功。Search as they would ,they could find no sign of the boy.無論他們怎么尋找，也未能發(fā)現(xiàn)那個男孩的蹤影。2.修辭性倒裝除了語法性

28、倒裝之外，有些倒裝是由于修辭的原因而采用的，叫做修辭性倒裝。A.否定詞放在句首時的倒裝句型：否定詞+be動詞/助動詞+主語常見的放在句首的否定詞by no means 絕不never從不in no case 絕不no sooner(than) 一就in no way 絕不not不，沒有on no consideration 絕不not a bit 一點也不under no circumstances 絕不not onlybut also.不但而且barely簡直沒有notuntil直到才hardly幾乎不rarely很少scarcely幾乎不seldom很少little幾乎沒有；一點也不few

29、沒有多少By no means is translation easy.=Translation is by no means easy.翻譯絕不是件簡單的事。Barely does he have enough money to live on.=He barely has enough money to live on.他沒有足夠的錢為生。Little did I think that I would lose the game.補充：little 置于 know, think, imagine, guess, dream, expect等有關(guān)思考意思的動詞前面 時，相當于not at a

30、ll,譯為“一點也不"。=I didn't think at all that I would lose the game.我根本沒想到我會輸?shù)暨@場比賽。Never did I dream of seeing him in America.（強調(diào)沒想到）=I never dreamed of seeing him in America. （語氣平淡）我真沒想到會在美國見到他。在上面表格所列的否定詞中，有幾個詞是強調(diào)兩個動作的緊密相接的。a.hardly.when（一就）Hardly had the result been announced when the crowd ap

31、plauded.結(jié)果剛一宣布，人們就歡呼起來。b.scarcely.when.（一就）Scarcely had I reached the station when the train started.=The train started as soon as I reached the station.我剛至U車站，火車就開了。c.no sooner.than.（一就）No sooner had he arrived than we wanted to leave.=We wanted to leave as soon as he arrived.他剛至 U我們就要離開。d.not only

32、.but also.（不但而且）Not only did I make a promise,but I also kept it.補充： not only.but also.如果連接兩個句子， 則 第一個句子要倒裝， 第二個句子不需要倒裝。not only.but also. 如果連接主語，句子 不倒裝 。Not only I (am invited) but also Ann is invited. 不但我而且安也被邀請了。=I not only made a promise,but (also) I kept it. 我不但許下諾言，也遵守了諾言。Not only is he a scie

33、ntist,but also he is a painter.他不僅是位科學家，還是位畫家。B.副詞(短語)放在句首時的倒裝here， then， now， thus， such， there， so， out， in， up， down ， away 等副詞放在句首，句子要倒裝，表示特別強調(diào)的語氣。Look, here comes Joe in his best suit.=Look,Joe comes here in his best suit. 看，喬穿著他最好的西裝來了。Then came the heavy snow.=The heavy snow came then. 接踵而來的是

34、一場大雪。There standsa tall tower at the summit.=A tall tower stands there at the summit. 在那山的頂峰上聳立著一座高塔。C. “Only+副詞”放在句首時的倒裝 Only+ 副詞+助動詞+主語 Only+ 副詞短語+主語Only+狀語從句+be+主語Only then did I realize I made such a big mistake.=I realized I made such a big mistake only then.只是在那時，我才認識到我犯了一個多么大的錯誤。補充： only 放在句首

35、時，如果強調(diào)的是一個詞 或一個 短語 （即 only 引導(dǎo)的是一個簡單句），則 需要倒裝。如果 only 強調(diào)的是一個句子 （即整個句子是一個主從復(fù)合句），那么 從句不倒裝 ， 主句倒裝。如果 only 強調(diào)的是主語，則句子不倒裝。Only her mother was invited. 只有她媽媽被邀請了。Only in this way can you work it out.=You can work it out only in this way. 只有用這種方法你才能算出這道題來。Only when he got home did he know what happened to h

36、is father.=When he got home he knew what happened to his father.當他到了家之后，他才知道父親發(fā)生了什么事。Only when one loses health does one know its value.只有當人們失去健康時才認識到健康的重要性。D. 頻率副詞放在句首時的倒裝頻率副詞always, often, once出現(xiàn)在句首時，句子要倒裝。Always will we remember the importance of the meeting.=We will always remember the importanc

37、e of the meeting.我們將永遠記住這次會議的重要性。Often had I intended to speak of it.=I had often intended to speak of it. 我曾常想談?wù)劥耸隆.其他情況為了保持句子平衡或為了強調(diào)表語或狀語，或為了使上下文緊密銜接時，需要倒裝。The soldiers arrived at a house,in front of which sata little boy .士兵們來到了一座房子，房子前面坐著一個小男孩。To the list may be added the following names .名單上可加

38、上以下這些名字。四、省略1. 句子成分的省略1 . 省略主語( 1) Thank you for coming here. 感謝你來到這兒。( It) Sounds like a good idea. 聽起來是個好主意。(It) Doesn't matter.沒關(guān)系。2 .省略謂語或謂語的一部分(Is there) Anything I can do for you? 您想要什么嗎？/有什么事兒需要我?guī)兔?？His room is big and mine ( is) small. (省略系動詞)他的房間大而我的房間小。A:Do you often go to see films? 你

39、常去看電影嗎？B:No,I don't (often go to see films).不，我不常去(看電影)。B:Never. (省略主語和謂語)從來不去(看電影)。A:Are you hungry? 你餓嗎？B:Yes,I am (hungry).(省略表語)是的，我餓了。3 .省略主語或謂語中的主要部分A:Would you like to do it with me? 你愿意和我一起做嗎？B:Sure./Certainly./Of course.( Id like to. )(省略主語和謂語)當然了。/很愿意。A:Which magazine do you like best?

40、 你最喜歡哪一本雜志？B:The right one.= I like the right one best.右邊的那一本。4 .省略賓語Lets do the dishes.I ll wash ( the dishes) and you ll dry ( the dishes).讓我們來洗碗吧，我來洗，你來擦干。I borrowed some money from Peter.I will pay him back ( the money) tomorrow.我向彼得借了些錢。我明天還他。5 .省略定語He spent part of the money,and saved the rest

41、 (of the money).那錢他花了一部分，其余的他都存了起來。Old men and ( old) women are well respected in China. 老年人在中國很受尊重。6 .復(fù)合句中的省略1 . 賓語從句中的省略that 在賓語從句中作連詞(連接主句與賓語從句)時，常省略。The letter says (that) they are ready for it. 信上說他們已經(jīng)做好準備了。The boss said (that) he wasn t satisfied with my work. 老板說他不滿意我的工作。I hope (that) the sch

42、eme will succeed. 我希望這一計劃成功。2 .定語從句中的省略A.關(guān)系代詞在限定性定語從句中作賓語時可以省略。He is the last person (that/who/whom) I want to see.You'd better not mention him to me.他是我最不想見的人，你最好別提他。The music (that/which ) you are listening to is very beautiful. 你正在聽的音樂非常好聽。Here is the man (that/who/whom) you have been looking

43、 for.這就是你直在找的人。The man (whom) we met yesterday used to be my schoolmaster.我們昨天遇到的那個人是我從前的老師。Harvard is the college (that/which) he wants to go to.重要：如果介詞出現(xiàn)在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不能用that。Harvard is the college to which he wants to go.=Harvard is the college where he wants to go.哈佛大學是他想去的學校。補充：這個句子也可以用關(guān)系副詞來

44、連接，關(guān)系副詞不可以省略。B.關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中常常代替when, why , where等，而且可以省略。The last time (when/that) I saw her,she was quite well.我最后一次見到她時，她身體很好。That's the reason (why/that) I took it.那就是我拿它的原因。This is the city where I was born.=This is the city ( that) I was born in.這就是我出生的那座城市。C.關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時可以省略。She is no

45、longer the girl ( who/that) she used to be她再也不是過去的她了。Shanghai is no longer the city ( which /that) it was.上海不再是過去的上海了。3 .狀語從句中的省略A. 在目的、結(jié)果狀語從句中I got up early so (that) I could catch the early bus.=I got up early ( so) that I could catch the early bus. (目的狀語從句)我起得早，以便能趕得上早班車。Lily is such a clever gir

46、l ( that) all of us like her. (結(jié)果狀語從句)莉莉是如此聰明的女孩，我們都喜歡她。B.在比較狀語從句中My elder sister is a head taller than I (am tall).我姐姐比我高一頭。The weather in autumn in Beijing is better than (the weather) (is) in spring ( in Beijing ).北京秋天的天氣比春天的要好。The night sky seen from the moon is a wonderful sight as (it is) seen

47、 from the earth.在月亮上看到的夜空和在地球上看到的夜空同樣美妙。C.在時間、條件、讓步、方式等狀語從句中(即由when, though, as if, if等引導(dǎo)的從句中)， 如果從句中的謂語有“ be”，從句中的主語又和主句的主語相同或是it時，往往把從句中的主語和be都省略。When (he was) in trouble,he always asked me for help. 當他有困難時，他總是找我來幫忙。Though (they were) surrounded,the soldiers didn t give up.雖然士兵們被包圍了，可是他們沒有屈服。If (i

48、t is) necessary,the boss will go himself. 如果需要的話，老板將要親自去。4.在虛擬語氣中的省略(請參見“虛擬語氣”)3.不定式的省略1. 省略不定式符號to 后的動詞省略不定式符號to 后的動詞，是指前面出現(xiàn)過的動詞在下文再次出現(xiàn)時，可以單純使用不定式符號to,省去動詞。A. 不定式作某些動詞的賓語時這種情況常用的動詞有l(wèi)ike， love， care， hope， wish ， expect， prefer， refuse， mean， try，advise, agree, want, afford, forget, remember, manage

49、等。A:Would you like to go to university? 你想去上大學嗎？B:Yes,I would like to (go to university ).是的，我想去。B.不定式在句中作某些動詞的賓語補足語或主語補足語時這種情況經(jīng)常用的動詞有ask， tell， advise， force， persuade， wish， allow， permit 等。Don t touch anything unless your teacher allows you to (touch them).除非你的老師允許，否則不要碰任何東西。She wants to come but

50、 her parents won t allow her to (come). 她想來，但她父母不讓她來。C.不定式在句中作某些形容詞的狀語時這種情況經(jīng)常用的形容詞有happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing , ready等。A:Will you join us in the game? 你想和我們一起做游戲嗎？B:Thank you.I d be happy to (join in this game ).謝謝，我很高興加入。I think she should get a job,but you can t force her if she s not re

51、ady to (get a job).我認為她應(yīng)該找一份工作，但如果她不愿意，你也不能強迫她。D. 不定式作某些復(fù)合謂語時這種情況經(jīng)常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有be able to， be going to， have to， ought to， used to， mean to， try to等。當不定式與上述結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語時，省略to 后的動詞。The little girl doesn t want to clean the plates after dinner but she hasto (clean them).小女孩飯后不想洗盤子，但她不得不洗。He never goes there by b

52、us now but he usedto (go there by bus).現(xiàn)在他從來不坐公共汽車去那兒，可是以前他總是坐公共汽車去那兒。補充：當省略的不定式內(nèi)容是作助動詞用的have 或 be 的任何形式時，to 后要保留到原形have 或 to。He did not come,but he ought to have (come).他沒有來，但是他應(yīng)該來的。2.不定式符號to 的省略(請參見“動詞不定式”)4.習慣用法中的省略What/How about you? 你怎么樣？What/How about swimming? 去游泳怎么樣？Why not watch TV?=Why don

53、 t we watch TV? (意思是“讓我們看電視吧！ ”) 我們?yōu)槭裁床豢措娨暷?？Common Mistakes (注意！失分陷阱！)陷阱例題It was in the small house was built with stones by his father he spent hischildhood. 【典型試題】A. which;thatB.that;whichD.that;whereC.which;which句意提示：他的童年是在那間由他父親用石頭建造的小房子里度過的。陷阱追擊：在強調(diào)句型中套用了定語從句，使學生誤入陷阱。幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。正確解析：本題的解題關(guān)鍵是弄清

54、楚句子結(jié)構(gòu)，辨別是否為強調(diào)句，如果是則進一步確定強調(diào)的是哪個成分。通過分析可知句子的主體結(jié)構(gòu)為強調(diào)句，即 It was in the small house that hespent his childhood. 而強調(diào)句中又包含了一個定語從句，即which was built with stones by hisfather,這個定語從句是用來修飾先行詞house的。因此第一空選 which,是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞；第二空選that,為強調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)詞，被強調(diào)部分為 in the small house ,因此正確答案為A。陷阱例題Little Jim is going to spend h

55、is holiday in Paris,lives his uncle. 【典型試題】A. whichB.whoC.whereD.that句意提示：小吉姆打算在巴黎度過他的假期，他的叔叔住在那里。陷阱追擊：本題答題線后緊跟著謂語動詞lives,容易使學生誤入陷阱，以為答題線上要填一個作主語的詞，從而誤選B 或 D。正確解析：仔細分析全句可知，逗號后面的句子是一個非限定性定語從句，that不能引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，因此排除 D。再進一步判讀可知 lives his uncle為倒裝句，其 正常語序為his uncle lives ，主謂齊全，缺少地點狀語，因此正確答案應(yīng)為C。陷阱例題If the

56、 weather is fine,we ll go.If ,. 【典型試題】A. not;notB. no;noC.not;noD. no;not句意提示：如果天氣好，我們就去；如果天氣不好，我們就不去。陷阱追擊：本題后一句省略了大部分句子成分，且各選項極為相似，均為否定詞，干擾性極強，致使學生誤入陷阱，很難做出正確判斷。正確解析：仔細分析前后兩個句子可知兩個句子的句式完全相同，用詞也基本一致，只是前句為肯定句，后句為否定句。將后一句補充完整，即為 If the weather is not fine,we will not go.在英語中為了簡潔，常將后句與前句相同部分省略，只保留否定詞not。 因此正確答案為A。Final Check