高考第一輪復習——非謂語動詞解題指導、強調(diào)句型解題指導(1)

1、年 級高三學 科英語版 本人教版內(nèi)容標題非謂語動詞解題指導；強調(diào)句型解題指導編稿老師王琳【本講教育信息】一. 教學內(nèi)容：1. 非謂語動詞解題指導2. 強調(diào)句型解題指導要點總結(jié)與典型例題：非謂語動詞解題指導（一）非謂語動詞形式做定語：（五種形式）1. 被修飾名詞+doing短語： 正在做的人/正在發(fā)生的事。2. 被修飾名詞+ done短語： 被的人/事3. 被修飾名詞+being done短語：正在被的人/事4. 被修飾名詞+ to be done短語：將要被.的人/事 5. 被修飾名詞+ to do 短語：要做的事 / 要做某事的人在非限定定語中，還可以用having done / havin

2、g been done 做定語。He was a short man, walking with a disproportionately long stride, which cause him to roll like a logger making into a head wind.In a camera, the lens must be focused on the object to be photographed.Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.（二）分詞做狀語 做

3、時間，原因，條件，讓步等狀語；（四種形式）Doing 短語，主句（主語+謂語） 當時， / 由于/ 如果 Done 短語，主句（主語+謂語） 當/由于/如果被Having done短語，主句（主語+謂語） 已經(jīng)之后Having been done短語，主句（主語+謂語） 已經(jīng)被之后Having been translated into Chinese, the book became very popular in China. Not having received any news from home for many years, she got more and more homesi

4、ck.Once published, his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.注意：如果分詞短語的主語不是主句的主語，則分詞短語的主語（名詞）應放在分詞前面。Time permitting, well call on our teacher.Work finished, he prepared to return home.（三）做伴隨，結(jié)果，目的狀語（doing / done 形式）He was standing, holding on to a tree that grew agains

5、t the wall.At last he stopped running, sweat streaming down his face.（四）with結(jié)構(gòu)：with/without+名詞+ doing 短語done短語to do 短語介詞短語/副詞Tom went away, without a word spoken.The silent was suddenly broken when a large car , with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.With them helping us

6、, we can do it better.解題指導：分詞做狀語的形式在單選題中常見的形式就是選擇分詞的種類（doing/done）以及他們的形式（完成式，被動式）。所以作題時一定要在理解句意的基礎(chǔ)上，弄清分詞動作與主句主語的關(guān)系和時間順序。有些題要注意選項部分是主句的伴隨狀語還是前面句子的連續(xù)動作?！镜湫屠}】1. The Olympic Games , _in 776 BC, didnt included women players until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be first p

7、laying分析：C 公元前776年被首次舉行的奧運會，知道1912年才容納女運動員。_in 776 BC做定語修飾The Olympic Games，指過去的內(nèi)容，表示被動。用done做定語。 2. The houses _ for the teachers and the construction work will start soon.A. builtB. to be builtC. to buildD. being built分析：B 根據(jù)句意房子即將開工。_ for the teachers and the construction work修飾The houses應為The ho

8、uses。The houses將要為教師和施工修建的房子。 3. Hearing the news, he hurried out, _ book _ on the table and disappeared into the distance.A. left; lain openB. leaving; lying openC. leaving; lie openD. left; lying opened分析：根據(jù)句意：聽到這個消息，他匆匆跑出去，消失在遠方，讓他得書還打開著放在桌上。hurried out和disappeared是連續(xù)的動作。而_ book _ on the table則是伴

9、隨的動作。答案：B4. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled分析：With a lot of difficult problems _ 意思是“有這么多難題要解決，”因此使用with+名詞+to do 形式。 答案：B5. He turned and went to sleep again, _ that it was still early.A. to t

10、hinkB. and thoughtC. thinkingD. thought分析：turn，go 與think是主語發(fā)出的三個動作。而think根據(jù)句意應在其他兩個動作之前。而且與其他兩個動作具有因果關(guān)系?！耙驗橛X得天還早，他翻個身又睡了。答案為C6. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. lacking in分析：根據(jù)句意：雖然缺少錢，他的父母還是想方設(shè)法把他送進了大學。Lack of（缺乏）與主語his parents為主動關(guān)系。

11、強調(diào)句型解題指導在英語中，為了突出強調(diào)句子的某一個成分（謂語除外），達到強調(diào)或使聽話人特別注意這一部分的目的。便形成了一種強調(diào)句型。It is/was+被強調(diào)的部分+that/who+句子的其他部分。It is/was not until+時間+that+句子的其他部分。例句：1. I saw John on my way to school this morning.It was John who/that I saw on my way to school this morning.It was on my way to school that I saw John this mornin

12、g.It was this morning that I saw John on my way to school.2. It was his best suit that John wore to the dance last night.3. It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcast began.4. It was the strange way things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that frightened me so much.5. It was t

13、he kindness and sympathy in their eyes that prevented me from doing so. 6. What is it that Joe cant find in the bathroom ?解題指導：強調(diào)句的考察往往混入定語從句或名詞性從句的內(nèi)容：即考察復合句的連詞；關(guān)系代詞和強調(diào)句的連接詞that1. 注意強調(diào)句型與主語從句的辨別。2. 在單選題中強調(diào)句中的強調(diào)部分帶有定語從句，在題中考察關(guān)系詞和強調(diào)句連詞that。對這樣的題，注意分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)?！镜湫屠}】1. It was only when I reread his poem rec

14、ently _ I began to appreciate their beauty.A. untilB. thatC. thenD. so分析：選擇B本題考查強調(diào)句型的用法?！爸挥性谖易罱匦伦x了他的詩作，我才開始欣賞到這些詩的美麗。 2. It was in the small house _ was built with stones by his father _he spent his childhood.A. which; thatB. that; whereC. which; whichD. that; which分析：選擇A本題考查帶有定語從句的強調(diào)句型用法。句中：“_ was

15、 built with stones by his father的定語從句。被強調(diào)的部分是in the small house _ was built with stones by his father。根據(jù)句意：他正是在他父親用石頭蓋的房子里度過了他的童年。 3. It was in the stone house _ was built as a school by local villagers _ the boy finished his rpimary school.A. which; thatB. that; whereC. which; whichD. that; which分析

16、：選擇A _ was built as a school by local villagers作為定語從句修飾the stone house；地；第二個空是強調(diào)句的連接詞。4. Could it be in the room we had a talk last night you left your key ?A. that ; where B. where ; when C. where ; that D. in which ; where 分析：選擇C we had a talk last night是定語從句修飾the room；后半部分是強調(diào)句的連接詞that引導的句子主干。5. I

17、t was not until dark _ he found _ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.A. that; whatB. that; thatC. when; thatD. when; what分析：選擇A 前一空是強調(diào)句的主干，被強調(diào)部分是not until dark；而_ he thought是found的賓語從句中的主語，由what引導?！灸M試題】單項選擇：1. Hey, Sharon, shall we meet next week?Lets _ it next Friday. Is that all

18、right for you?A. meet B. make C. do D. gather2.The murderer tried to run away from the police but he_ in getting caught again.A. ended up B. burst into C. broke up D. started up3. With everything finished, they sat down to enjoy _ they called a most delicious dinner.A. that B. what C. which D. it4.

19、Having been out of work for a year, Smith is now making his _ by collecting waste paper.A. money B. life C. information D. living5. We decided not to climb the mountain because it was raining _.A. badly B. strongly C. heavily D. hardly6. Why didnt he go to work?It was only _ it was raining _ he stay

20、ed at home.A. since; so B. as; what C. for; that D. because; that7. What are you looking for?I cant remember where I _ my book.A. left B. leave C. had left D. was leaving8.It seems to be clearing up._. Im afraid it will turn out a wet day.A. Great B. Go ahead C. I dont think so D. Im terribly sorry.

21、9. Turner kept himself strong enough to work sixteen hours a day while spending as little as possible _ he could save enough money for his child.A. in case B. if only C. so that D. as though10. If she doesnt tell me the truth, I will keep on asking her until she _.A. does B. has done C. will do D. t

22、ells11. Rose tried to find a book on space travel but the bookstore she went to didnt have _.A. it B. one C. that D. the one12. Allen was advised to give the work to _ he believed had a strong sense of responsibility.A. whom B. whoever C. whomever D. those完型填空：Tim Becker and his neighbors are doing

23、something to make their neighborhood a trouble-free area.When Tim Becker gets in his car to go shopping, he doesnt 1 drive to a store and back home. He always looks 2 and down the streets of his neighborhood. He looks for anything 3 such as strange cars, loud noises, 4 windows, or people gathering o

24、n street corners.Tim 5 to a neighborhood watch group in Stoneville, Indiana, USA. The neighborhood watch group 6 on the third Wednesday of every month. That's 7 Tim gets together with about ten of his neighbors to discuss community 8 . Members of the neighborhood watch group want to help the pol

25、ice 9 their homes, streets and families safe.Tina Stedma, president of 10 neighborhood watch group, agrees with Tim.“People seem to think that crime happens to other people but not 11 them. Well, its never happened to me,” she said, “but I dont think anyone has the 12 to steal from other people ol,

26、to make them feel 13 sitting in their own homes.”Alex, a member of the group, said that all the neighbors 14 out for one another. “We 15 each others homes. We keep watch on the neighborhood at night and on weekends. Usually a 16 of four or five of us goes out together. If something doesnt look right

27、, then we call the 17 . For example, if we notice a group of teenagers who seem to be looking for 18 , or someone destroying property（財產(chǎn)）, we report to the police.”Alex feels the neighborhood watch groups 19 a lot in keeping crime down. Her husband Jim agrees, “Police are good people, but they can&#

28、39;t do 20 ”1. A. yet B. still C. just D. rather2. A. carefully B. clearly C. nervously D. coldly3. A. familiar B. unusual C. expensive D. interesting4. A. curtained B. open C. old D. broken5. A. attends B. belongs C. goes D. turns6. A. meets B. quarrels C. sings D. searches7. A. where B. why C. whe

29、n D. how8. A. politicsB. wealthC. healthD. safety9. A. keep B. hold C. let D. protect10. A. its B. his C. their D. your11. A. round B. on C. about D. to12. A. fight B. chance C. courage D. mind13. A. unlucky B. unsafe C. disappointed D. discouraged14. A. set B. let C. hold D. look15. A. care B. ente

30、r C. watch D. manage16. A. group B. set C. number D. crowd17. A. judges B. police C. firemen D. doctors'18. A. work B. burden C. service D. trouble19. A. produce B. find C. get D. help20. A. anything B. everything C. harm D. wrong閱讀理解：For the first time in modern history, less than half of the U

31、. S. adult population now reads literature, according to a recent survey. Reading at Risk: A Survey of Literary Reading in American presents a detailed review of the decline of readings role in the nations culture.Reading at Risk is a survey of national fashion in adult literary leading. The data so

32、urce for Reading at Risk is as reliable and objective（客觀的）as any such survey can be. The key results of the survey are presented in the “Summary” ,but the report can be further explained as: literary reading in America is not only declining rapidly among all groups, but the rate of decline has been

33、speeded up, especially among the young. Reading at Risk merely shows a great cultural change that most Americans have already notedour society's great turn to electronic media for entertainment and information.Reading a book requires a degree of active attention and devotion. Indeed, reading its

34、elf is a progressive skill that depends on years of education and practice: On the contrary, most electronicmedia such as television, recordings, and radio make fewer demands on their audiences, and indeed often require no more than passive participation. While oral culture has a rich reality and el

35、ectronic media offer the considerable advantages of variety, print culture affords irreplaceable forms of focused attention and thought that make various communications Indeed, and views possible. The dechne in reading, therefore, equals a larger retreat（減少）from participation in public and cultural

36、life.What is to be done? There is surely no single solution to the present problem, just as there is no single cause. The important thing now is to understand that America can no longer take active and devoted reading for granted.Reading is not a timeless, common ability. As more Americans lose this

37、 ability, our nation becomes less informed, active, and independent minded. These are not qualities that a free, inventive, or productive society can afford to lose.1. The main purpose of the survey is to _.A. focus on the role of electronic media and readingB. show that American young people read l

38、ess and lessC. give a report of the national fashion of literary readingD. review that less than half of the population now reads literature2. According to the passage, reading _.A. requires less attention and devotionB. demands no more than passive participationC. limits various communications and

39、viewsD. means active participation in public and cultural life3. The underlined phrase “cultural change” in Paragraph 2 refers to the change _.A. from oral culture to electronic mediaB. from print culture to electronic mediaC. from electronic media to oral cultureD. from electronic media to print cu

40、lture4. The author of the passage _.A. misunderstands oral cultureB. doubts the results of the surveyC. encourages the Americans to read moreD. agrees to the solution to the present problem in reading短文改錯Last night when Steven and I was having a walk in the 1. _ street, we suddenly heard a painful c

41、ry for help under 2. _ a tree nearby. We quickly ran to the tree and found a boy laying 3. _ on the ground with a stick in his leg. He had fallen of the tree. 4. _ Steven suggested we pulled the stick out at once, but I disagreed, 5. _ Because I had learned little about first aid at school. The stic

42、k 6. _ in the leg would help controlling the bleeding. As there was 7 . _ no telephone, we managed to find a taxi. We took the boy to the 8. _ hospital. The doctors examined the boy fast and we got to 9. _ know where the boy lived. So we telephoned his parents and left after he came to the hospital.

43、 We did a good deed. 10. _【試題答案】單項選擇：1. B make it：把時間定在時候2. A end up：最終結(jié)果是3. B what they called a most delicious dinner是what引導的賓語從句；what表示：他們稱之為的4. D 固定短語：make ones living ：謀生5. C heavily 修飾雨下得很大。6. D 強調(diào)句，被強調(diào)部分是：only because it was raining; 7. A 考查時態(tài)：我記不清我把書落在哪里了。把書落在哪這個動作指過去發(fā)生的事。應用過去時。8. C I dont t

44、hink so表示不同意對方的看法認為會下雨。9. C so that引導結(jié)果狀語從句，表示：他每天工作16個小時而花費很少，以便于為他的孩子省出更多的錢。10. A 助動詞does指代前面提到的tells me the truth.11. B one 泛指前文說的a book on space12. B whoever引導的名詞從句做to 的賓語。表示：他認為擁有很強的責任心的任何人。完型填空：1. C just在這里等于merely“僅僅”。從下文看，Tim是社區(qū)治安隊隊員，他開車買東西時，不只是去商店，然后回家。yet“然而”；still“仍然”；rather“相當”。 2. A 從上下

45、文可知，Tim是治安聯(lián)保隊隊員。他在開車買東西時，仔細地觀察周圍的情況，以便發(fā)現(xiàn)問題。clearly“清楚地”；nervously“緊張地”；coldly“冷靜地”。3. B unusual為“異常的”，只有發(fā)生了不正常的事才表明出現(xiàn)了問題，如陌生的車輛、大的噪音、破碎的窗子或者人們聚集在街頭角落里等。A項表示，“熟悉的”，C項“昂貴的”和D項“有趣的”，都與文章不符。 4. D 拉上窗簾的窗戶（curtained windows）、開著的窗戶（open windows）或舊的窗戶（old windows）都不能說明發(fā)生了意外的事。只有破碎的窗戶（broken windows）才可能是發(fā)生了意

46、外的事。5. B belong to“屬于”。從上下文可知，Tim是Stoneviile，Indiana，USA的治安聯(lián)保隊隊員。Attend to “照料”，go to：“去”，與文意不符；turn to表“轉(zhuǎn)向”。6. A A項表示“碰頭，聚在一起開會”，從下文中的discuss一詞可知，他們在每月的第三個星期三舉行會議，討論社區(qū)的安全問題。Quarrels“吵架”，searches“搜查”均不合題意。sings更不合文意。7. C 這是一個表語從句。that指代的是他們開會的時間，所以填when。而where，why，how文章沒提到。8. D safety為“安全”之意，因為治安聯(lián)保隊的目的是保衛(wèi)社區(qū)的安全，所以他們討論的是社區(qū)的安全問題，而不是討論政治（politics）、財產(chǎn)（wealth）或健康（health）問題。9. A protect有很大的迷惑性，許多考生沒有注意這個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，而誤選了protect。在這個句子中，their homes，stree