新概念二Lesson_16_知識點整理

1、Lesson 16A polite request彬彬有禮的要求parkvt. 停放（車輛，飛機等）trafficn. 1. 交通 2. 交通（客運）量ticketn. 交通違規(guī)罰款單noten. 便條必記單詞arean. 1. 地段，地區(qū)，區(qū)域2. 面積 3. 領域，范圍signn. 指示牌，記號，標記remindern. 提示，暗示學failvi.無視，忘記，失敗obeyv. 1. 服從，聽從 2. 聽由，聽從，擺布traffic policeman 交通警察let (someone) go 放開，讓某人走習常考短語no parking 禁止停車pay attention to 注意 st

2、reet signs 交通標志fail to do sth. 未能做某事1. If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman目will soon find it.2. You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket.3. You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our經典句型street signs.4. Sir, we welcome you to our city, this is

3、a“No Parking”area.標5. If you receive a request like this, you can not fail to obey it.一主謂一致主謂一致即指主語和謂語在人稱和數上需保持一致的關系。即主語是單數，謂語動詞用單數形式；主語是復數，全謂語動詞用復數形式。一般情況下，主謂一致要做到：(1).語法形式上要一致，即單復數形式與謂語要一致。(2).意義上要一致， 即主語意義上的單復數要與謂語的單復重點語法數形式一致。解(3).就近原則， 即謂語動詞的單復形式取決于最靠近它的詞語一般來說，不可數名詞用動詞單數，可數名詞復數用動詞復數。There is mu

4、ch water in the thermos.There are some apples on the table.但當不可數名詞前有表示數量的復數名詞時，謂語動詞用復數形式。Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.There are three pieces of bread in the fridge.1 并列結構作主語時謂語用復數Reading and writing are very important.讀寫是非常重要的。注意： 當主語由 and 連結時，如果它表示一個單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時，謂語動詞用單數， an

5、d 此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞。The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.鋼鐵產業(yè)對我們的生活是非常重要的。The writer and translator is delivering a speech on our college tonight. （ writer 和 translator 是指同一個人）一個作家兼譯者今晚將在我們的大學發(fā)表一次演講。典型例題The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. is

6、 B. was C. are D. were答案 B. 注： 先從時態(tài)上考慮。這是過去發(fā)生的事情應用過去時，先排除 A. ， C.。本題易誤選 D，因為 The Leaguesecretary and monitor 好象是兩個人，但仔細辨別， monitor前沒有 the，在英語中，當一人兼數職時只在第一個職務前加定冠詞。后面的職務用 and 相連。這樣本題主語為一個人，所以應選 B。注意：兩個表示不同物質的名詞，雖由 and 連接，但習慣上這兩樣東西常常被同時使用，這是我們將二者看做一個整體，故謂語動詞仍用單數，常見的這樣的名詞有：Bread and butter is my favour

7、ite breakfast。面包和黃油是我最喜歡的早餐。The fork and knife is hard for me to use.餐叉和餐刀對我來說很難使用。2 主謂一致中的靠近原則(1）當 there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時，謂語應與最鄰近的主語保持一致。There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.(2）當 either or 與 neither nor ， 連接兩個

8、主語時，謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。 如果句子是由 here, there 引導，而主語又不止一個時， 謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。Either you or she is to go.Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.3 謂語動詞與前面的主語一致當主語后面跟有 with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞引起的短語時，謂語動詞與前面的主語一致。The teacher together with some students is

9、 visiting the factory.He as well as I wants to go boating.4 謂語需用單數(1） 代詞 each 和由 every, some, no, any 等構成的復合代詞作主語，或主語中含有 each, every, 謂語需用單數。 Each of us has a tape-recorder.There is something wrong with my watch.(2） 當主語是一本書或一條格言時，謂語動詞常用單數。The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.<&l

10、t;天方夜譚 >>是英語愛好者熟悉的一本好書。(3）表示金錢，時間，價格或度量衡的復合名詞作主語 時，通常把這些名詞看作一個整體，謂語一般用單數。 (用復數也可，意思不變。 )Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.Ten yuan is enough.5 指代意義決定謂語的單復數(1）在代詞 what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all 等詞的單復數由其指代的詞的單復數決定。All is right.一切順利。All are present.

11、所有人都到齊了。(2） 集體名詞作主語時，謂語的數要根據主語的意思來決定。如 family, audience, crew, crowd, class,company,committee 等詞后用復數形式時，意為這個集體中的各個成員，用單數時表示該個集體。His family isn't very large.His family are music lovers.他家不是一個大家庭。他的家人都是音樂愛好者。但集合名詞 people, police, cattle, poultry 等在任何情況下都用復數形式。Are there any police around?附近有一些警察么？(

12、3）有些名詞，如 variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有時看作單數，有時看作復數。A number of + 名詞復數 +復數動詞。The number of + 名詞復數 +單數動詞。A number of books have lent out.The majority of the students like English.6 與后接名詞或代詞保持一致（1） 用 half of, part of, most of, a portion of等詞引起主語時，動詞通常與of 后面的名詞，代詞保持一致。Most of his

13、money is spent on books.Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.（2） 在一些短語，如many a 或 more than one 所修飾的詞作主語時，謂語動詞多用單數形式。 (與此類似的另外一個結構： more + 復數名詞 + than one，謂語動詞用復數 )但由 more than of 作主語時，動詞應與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。Many a person has read the novel.許多人都讀過這本書。More than one topic has been discuss

14、ed at the meeting.會議中不止一個題目被討論。More topics than one have been discussed at the meeting.會議中不止一個題目被討論。二條件狀語從句（1）條件狀語從句主要由以下連詞引導： if, unless = if not, so / as long as (只要 ), in case, etc.（2）如果將來的事情很可能會發(fā)生， 那么 if 從句要用一般現在時或現在進行時（強調從句動作在進行之中）等，主句則用一般將來時，即： “主將從現”：If it is fine tomorrow, I will go swimming

15、.If he is doing his homework now, I will call him later.（3）如果對主句中的動作要發(fā)生的程度不那么確信， 或者想表達建議、命令等其他含義，就可以用情態(tài)動詞來代替 will 。If you come late, you must apologize to me.If you dontlike the soup, you can leave it.（4）如果想加強命令、建議等，主句還可以用祈使句。If you dontlike the soup, dontdrink it.If he cantcome, let me know.（5）主句還可

16、以用 had better + 動詞或一般現在時， 表示建議。If you dontfeel well, you d better go to see a doctor.If she likes the film, why doesntshe go with us?1. You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket.如果他沒有給你罰款單就放你走了，算你幸運。（1）let (sb./ sth.) go = let go of sb. / sth. 放開；釋放、使自由等。e.g. Dontlet the rope go.Let

17、go of her, or I will kill you.（2）without + n. / doing 在句中常作伴隨或條件狀語。e.g. Fish can not live without water.He always goes home without catching any fish.2. You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs. 如果您對我們街上的標牌稍加注意，您在教材全解此會過得很愉快的。近義詞組辨析 ： pay attention to sb. / sth. , notic

18、e(1) pay attention to sb. / sth. : 指用大腦或集中注意力去注意某事，專心于某事。e.g. Pay attention to what you are doing.(2) notice: 指用眼睛有意或無意的看到某人、某事。 e.g. I notice that he left early.Did you notice his hand shaking?近義詞組辨析 ： sign, signal, signature, symbol(1) sign: 作名詞，指記號、符號、告示牌、指示牌等。作動詞，指簽字于文件，其名詞形式為signature。e.g. I am a stranger here, so I must pay much attention tothe traffic signs.Pleas