igcse-物理大綱

1、igcse-物理大綱1. GeneralPhysics普通物理1.1 Lengthandtime長度和時間1. Useanddescribetheuseofrulesandmeasuringcylinderstodeterminealengthoravolume.使用并且描述如何用尺子和量筒測量長度和體積。2. Useanddescribetheuseofclocksanddevicesformeasuringanintervaloftime.使用并且描述如何用鐘表和一些儀器測量時間間隔。3. Useanddescribetheuseofamechanicalmethodforthemeasu

2、rementofasmalldistance.1使用并描述利用機械的方法測量短距離。4. Measureanddescribehowtomeasureashortintervaloftime(includingtheperiodofapendulum).測量和描述怎樣測量一個短時間間隔(包括單擺的周期)。1.2 Speed,velocityandacceleration速率，速度，力口速度1. Definespeedandcalculatespeedfromtotaldistance/totaltime.定義速率和計算：速率=總路程/總時間2. Plotandinterpretaspeed/t

3、imegraphoradistance/timegraph.畫和解釋速率/時間圖像或者路程/時間圖像3. Recognizefromtheshapeofaspeed/timegraphwhenabodyis(a)atrest,(b)movingwithconstantspeed,or(c)movingwithchangingspeed.從速率/時間圖像中辨認出：(a)靜止，(b)勻速運動和(c)變速運動。4. Calculatetheareaunderaspeed/timegraphtodeterminethedistancetraveledformotionwithconstantaccel

4、eration.計算速率/時間圖像中的面積得出勻加速運動的路程。5. Demonstratesomeunderstandingthataccelerationisrelatedtochangingspeed.解釋加速度和速度的改變量之間的聯(lián)系。6. StatethattheaccelerationoffreefallforabodyneartotheEarthisconstant.說明地球表面附近的物體自由降落的加速度是衡定的。7. Distinguishbetweenspeedandvelocity.區(qū)分速率和速度。8. Recognizelinearmotionforwhichtheacc

5、elerationisconstantandcalculatetheacceleration.認識勻加速的運動并且計算加速度。9. Recognizemotionforwhichtheaccelerationisnotconstant.認識非勻加速運動。10. Describequalitativelythemotionofbodiesfallinginauniformgravitationalfieldwithandwithoutairresistance(includingreferencetoterminalvelocity).定性的描述計和不計空氣阻力物體在均勻重力場中下落的運動(包括

6、設計到末速度。1.3 Massandweight質(zhì)量和重量1. Showfamiliaritywiththeideaofthemassofabody.熟練掌握一個物體的質(zhì)量的概念。2. Statethatweightisaforce.陳述重量是一種力。3. Demonstrateunderstandingthatweights(andhencemasses)maybecomparedusingabalance.闡明重量(因此質(zhì)量)可以用天平來比較。4. Demonstrateanunderstandingthatmassisapropertywhichresistschangeinmotion

7、.闡明質(zhì)量是物體阻礙加速度的一種性質(zhì)5. Describe,andusetheconceptof,weightastheeffectofagravitationalfieldonamass.描述和利用重力是重力場作用在物體上的效果的概念。1.4 Density密度1. Describeanexperimenttodeterminethedensityofaliquidandofaregularlyshapedsolidandmakethenecessarycalculation.描述一個測量液體或者規(guī)則形狀的固體的密度的實驗并做必要的計算。2. Describethedetermination

8、ofthedensityofanirregularlyshapedsolidbythemethodofdisplacementandmakethenecessarycalculation.描述通過替代法測量一個不規(guī)則形狀的固體的密度并做必要的計算。1.5 Force力Effectsofforces力的作用效果1. Statethataforcemayproduceachangeinsizeandshapeofabody.說明一個力可以改變一個物體的大小和形狀。2. Plotextension/loadgraphsanddescribetheassociatedexperimentalproce

9、dure.畫伸長量/力的圖像并描述這個相關(guān)實驗過程。3. Describethewaysinwhichaforcemaychangethemotionofabody.描述力可以怎樣改變一個物體的運動。4. Findtheresultantoftwoormoreforcesactingalongthesameline.求共線的兩個或多個力的合力。10. Interpretextension/loadgraphs.解釋伸長量/負荷的圖象。11. StateHookeLawandrecallandusetheexpressionF=kx.說明胡克定律并記住使用F=kx。12. Recognizeth

10、esignificanceofthetermlimitofproportionalityforanextension/loadgraph.從伸長量/負荷圖像中辨認出正比例限度。13. Recallandusetherelationbetweenforce,massandacceleration(includingthedirection).記住和應用力，質(zhì)量和加速度之間的關(guān)系。(F=ma)。14. Describe,qualitatively,motioninacurvedpathduetoaperpendicularforce(F=mv2/risnotrequired).定性的描述物體在一個

11、垂直力的作用下沿曲線運動。(b) Turningeffect轉(zhuǎn)動效果5. Describethemomentofaforceasameasureofitsturningeffectandgiveeverydayexamples.描述力矩是力的轉(zhuǎn)動效果量度并且取例子。6. Describe,qualitatively,thebalancingofabeamaboutapivot.定性的描述一個桿關(guān)于支點的平衡。15. Performanddescribeanexperiment(involvingverticalforces)toverifythatthereisnonetmomentonabo

12、dyinequilibrium.演示和描述一個實驗證明物體在合力矩為零時會保持平衡。16. Applytheideaofopposingmomentstosimplesystemsinequilibrium.應用反向的力矩簡化一個系統(tǒng)的平衡。(c) Conditionsforequilibrium平衡的條件7. Statethat,whenthereisnoresultantforceandnoresultantturningeffect,asystemisinequilibrium.描述當合力為零并且合力矩為零時，系統(tǒng)保持平衡。(d) Centreofmass質(zhì)心8. Performandd

13、escribeanexperimenttodeterminethepositionofthecentreofmassofaplanelamina.演示和描述一個在幾何平面內(nèi)找出物體質(zhì)心的實驗。9. Describequalitativelytheeffectofthepositionofthecentreofmassonthestabilityofsimpleobjects.定性的描述質(zhì)心的位置對物體穩(wěn)定的影響。(e) Scalarsandvectors標量和矢量17. Demonstrateanunderstandingofthedifferencebetweenscalarsandvect

14、orsandgivecommonexamples.闡明和理解標量和矢量之間的區(qū)別并且提出常見的例子。18. Addvectorsbygraphicalrepresentationtodeterminearesultant.通過圖像表不求兩個矢量的和。19. Determinegraphicallyaresultantoftwovectors.通過畫圖求兩個矢量的和1.6Energy,workandpower能量，功和功率(a) Energy能量1. Demonstrateanunderstandingthatanobjectmayhaveenergyduetoitsmotionoritspos

15、ition,andthatenergymaybetransferredandstored.描述和理解一個物體由于運動和位置產(chǎn)生的能量，這個能量能夠被轉(zhuǎn)換和儲存。2. Giveexamplesofenergyindifferentforms,includingkinetic,gravitational,chemical,strain,nuclear,internal,electrical,lightandsound.給一些不同形式的能量的例子，包括動能，勢能，化學能，彈性勢能，核能，內(nèi)能，電能，光能和聲能，3. Giveexamplesoftheconversionofenergyfromone

16、formtoanotherandofitstransferfromonplacetoanother.給一些從一種形式的能量轉(zhuǎn)換為另一種形式的能量，從一個地方傳播到另一個地方。4. Applytheprincipleofenergyconservationtosimpleexamples應用能量守恒的簡單的例子。8. Recallandusetheexpressionsk.e.=?mv2andp.e.=mgh記住和應用表達式K.e=1/2mv和p.e=mgh(b) Energyresources能源5. Describehowelectricityorotherusefulformsofener

17、gymaybeobtainedfrom(i) chemicalenergystoredinfuel(ii) water,includingtheenergystoredinwaves,intides,andinwaterbehindhydroelectricdams(iii) geothermalresources(iv) nuclearfission(v) heatandlightfromtheSun描述電能和其它有用的能量形式怎樣從下列能源獲得的：(i)儲存在然連中的化學能(ii)水包括儲存在波和潮汐中的能量和水力電氣水壩后面的水里面的重力勢能(iii)地熱能(iv)核裂變(v)來自太陽的

18、熱和光能9. ShowanunderstandingthatenergyisreleasedbynuclearfusionintheSun.描述和理解太陽的核裂變釋放能量10. Showaqualitativeunderstandingofefficiency定性的理解效率(c) Work功4-relate,withoutcalculation,workdonetothemagnitudeofaforceandthedistancemoved不通過計算找出做功與力的大小和移動的路程之間的關(guān)系5-describeenergychangesintermsofworkdone描述能量的改變就是做功6

19、-recallanduseZW=Fd=AE記住和應用(d) Power功率1-relate,withoutcalculation,powertoworkdoneandtimetaken,usingappropriateexamples不用計算用合適的例子找出功率與做功和時間的關(guān)系2-recallandusetheequationP=E/tinsimplesystems記住和應用在一個簡單的系統(tǒng)P=E/t1.7Pressure壓強1-relate,withoutcalculation,pressuretoforceandarea,usingappropriateexamples不通過計算，通過合

20、適的例子得出壓強，力和面積之間的聯(lián)系2-describethesimplemercurybarometeranditsuseinmeasuringatmosphericpressure描述簡單的水銀氣壓計和用它來測量大氣壓強3-relate,withoutcalculation,thepressurebeneathaliquidsurfacetodepthandtodensity,usingappropriateexamples不通過計算通過合適的例子得出液體表面下的壓強，升讀和密度之間的關(guān)系4-useanddescribetheuseofamanometer描述壓力計的應用5recallan

21、dusetheequationp=F/A記住，會用等式P=F/A6-recallandusetheequationp=hpg記住會用等式p=pgh2. ThermalPhysics熱學物理2.1 Simplekineticmolecularmodelofmatter物質(zhì)簡單分子動能模型(a) Statesofmatter物質(zhì)的狀態(tài)1-statethedistinguishingpropertiesofsolids,liquidsandgases描述固體，液體，氣體性質(zhì)的區(qū)別(b) Molecularmodel分子模型1-describequalitativelythemolecularstru

22、ctureofsolids,liquidsandgases定性的描述固體，液體，氣體的分子結(jié)構(gòu)2-interpretthetemperatureofagasintermsofthemotionofitsmolecules以分子運動來描述氣體的溫度3-describequalitativelythepressureofagasintermsofthemotionofitsmolecules以分子運動來定性的描述氣體的壓強。4-describequalitativelytheeffectofachangeoftemperatureonthepressureofagasatconstantvolum

23、e定性的描述體積不變時溫度的變化對壓強的影響。5-showanunderstandingoftherandommotionofparticlesinasuspensionasevidenceforthekineticmolecularmodelofmatter解釋和理解粒子的隨機運動是分子動力學模型的一個實例6-describethismotion(sometimesknownasBrownianmotion)intermsofrandommolecularbombardment用分子的隨機轟炸來描述一種運動(布朗運動)7-relatethepropertiesofsolids,liquids

24、andgasestotheforcesanddistancesbetweenmoleculesandtothemotionofthemolecules聯(lián)系固體，液體，氣體的性質(zhì)與分子間力，分子間距離和分子的運動8-showanappreciationthatmassiveparticlesmaybemovedbylight,fastmovingmolecules展示一定質(zhì)量的粒子被光照后移動，并工移動加快。(c) Evaporation蒸發(fā)1-describeevaporationintermsoftheescapeofmore-energeticmoleculesfromthesurface

25、ofaliquid以高能量的分子從液體表面逃離的方式描述蒸發(fā)。2-relateevaporationandtheconsequentcooling聯(lián)系蒸發(fā)和冷卻結(jié)果3-demonstrateanunderstandingofhowtemperature,surfaceareaandoverasurfaceinfluenceevaporation描述理解溫度，表面積和表面的氣流對蒸發(fā)的影響。(d) Pressurechanges改變壓強1-relatethechangeinvolumeofagastochangeinpressureappliedtothegasatconstanttempera

26、ture聯(lián)系溫度不變時，體積的改變引起壓強的改變。2-recallandusetheequationpV=constantatconstanttemperature記住和應用當溫度不變時等式，PV=常數(shù)2.2 Thermalproperties熱性質(zhì)(a) Thermalexpansionofsolids,liquidsandgases固體，液體和氣體的熱膨脹。1-describequalitativelythethermalexpansionofsolids,liquidsandgases定性的描述固體，液體和氣體的熱膨脹。2-identifyandexplainsomeoftheevery

27、dayapplicationsandconsequencesofthermalexpansion描述和解釋一些生活中熱膨脹的實例3-describequalitativelytheeffectofachangeoftemperatureonthevolumeofagasatconstantpressuremention定性的描述提到的壓強一定時，溫度對氣體的影響。4-showanappreciationoftherelativeorderofmagnitudeoftheexpansionofsolids,liquidsandgases說明并展現(xiàn)固體、液體、氣體之間膨脹的關(guān)系(b) Measur

28、ementofTemperature溫度的測量1-appreciatehowaphysicalpropertywhichvarieswithtemperaturemaybeusedforthemeasurementoftemperatureandstateexamplesofsuchproperties賞識一下變化溫度的物理性質(zhì)被用來測量溫度并描述一個類似的例子2-recogizetheneedforandidentifyfixedPoints識別和辨認所需要的固定點3-describethestructureandactionofliquidinglassthermometers描述一個液體

29、溫度計的結(jié)構(gòu)和作用4-demonstrateunderstandingofsensitivity,rangeandlinearity說明和理解靈敏度，變化范圍和線性5-describethestructureofathermocoupleandshowunderstandingofitsuseformeasuringhightemperaturesandthosewhichvaryrapidly描述熱偶的結(jié)構(gòu)和理解用它來測量迅速變化的高溫(c) Thermalcapacity熱容量1-relateariseintemperatureofabodytoanincreaseininternalen

30、ergy描述一個物體的溫度升高內(nèi)能增加。2-showanunderstandingofthetermthermalcapacity理解說明熱容量3-describeanexperimenttomeasurethespecificheatcapacityofasubstance描述一個實驗測量一個物體的比熱容量。(d) Meltingandboiling熔化和沸騰1-describemeltingandboilingintermsofenergyinputwithoutachangeintemperature溫度不變時用吸收的能量描述融化和沸騰2-statethemeaningofmelting

31、pointandboilingpoint描述熔點和沸點的意義3-describecondensationandsolidification描述液化和凝固4-distinguishbetweenboilingandevaporation區(qū)分沸騰和蒸發(fā)5-usethetermslatentheatofvaporizationandlatentheatoffusionandgiveamolecularinterpretationoflatentheat用蒸發(fā)潛熱和熔化潛熱和給定的分子解釋潛熱。6-describeanexperimenttomeasurespecificlatentheatsfors

32、teamandforice描述一個測量水流和冰的淺比熱。2.3 Transferofthermalenergy熱能的傳遞(a) Conduction傳導1-describeexperimentstodemonstratethepropertiesofgoodandbadconductorsofheat描述一個熱導體性能好壞的實驗。2-giveasimplemolecularaccountofheattransferinsolids給出在固體中一個簡單分子熱能的轉(zhuǎn)移。(b) Convection對流1-relateconvectioninfluidstodensitychangesanddesc

33、ribeexperimentstoillustrateconvection液體密度的改變和轉(zhuǎn)換的關(guān)系，描述一個實驗解釋轉(zhuǎn)換。(c) Radiation輻射1-identifyinfra-redradiationaspartoftheelectromagneticspectrum辨認紅外輻射是電磁光譜的一部分。2-describeexperimentstoshowthepropertiesofgoodandbademittersandgoodandbadabsorbersofinfra-redradiation描述一些實驗證明紅外輻射好的和壞的釋放者和吸收者。(d) Consequencesof

34、energytransfer能量轉(zhuǎn)移的結(jié)果1-identifyandexplainsomeoftheeverydayapplicationsandconsequencesofconduction,convectionandradiation辨認和解釋生活中傳導，轉(zhuǎn)換和輻射的應用和結(jié)果。3. Propertiesofwaves,includinglightandsound波的性質(zhì)包括光和聲3.1 Generalwaveproperties普通波的性質(zhì)1-describewhatismeantbywavemotionasillustratedbyvibrationinropes,springsan

35、dbyexperimentsusingwaterwaves通過用波動的意義解釋繩子，彈簧和水波的振動試驗2-usethetermwavefront用波振面3-givethemeaningofspeed,frequency,wavelengthandamplitude給出速率，頻率，波長和幅度的意義。4-recallandusetheequationv=f入記住和應用等式速率=平率x時間5-distinguishbetweentransverseandlongitudinalwavesandgivesuitableexamples區(qū)分橫波和縱波并且舉出合適的例子。6-describetheuse

36、ofwaterwavestoshow用水波描述(i) reflectionataplanesurface平面反射(ii) refractionduetoachangeofspeed折射由于速率的改變。(iii) diffractionproducedbywideandnarrowgaps通過寬的或窄的縫隙產(chǎn)生衍射。7-interpretreflection,refractionanddiffractionusingwavetheory用波的理論解釋反射，折射和衍射。3.2 Light光(a) Reflectionoflight光的反射1-describetheformation,andgive

37、thecharacteristics,ofanopticalimagebyaplanemirror描述形成，給出特點在平面鏡中呈現(xiàn)的光學圖像。2-usethelawangleofincidence=angleofreflection會用入射角等于反射角3-performsimpleconstructions,measurementsandcalculations演示簡單的結(jié)構(gòu)測量和計算。(b) Refractionoflight光的衍射1-describeanexperimentaldemonstrationoftherefractionoflight描述一個實驗解釋光的衍射現(xiàn)象。2-uset

38、heterminologyfortheangleofincidenceiandangleofrefractionranddescribethepassageoflightthroughparallel-sidedtransparentmaterial會用術(shù)語入射角i折射角r并且描述光通過兩個透明的平行板。3-givethemeaningofcriticalangle給出一些重要角度的意義。4-describeinternalandtotalinternalreflection描述內(nèi)部的和總的反射5-recallandusethedefinitionofrefractivenintermsofs

39、peed記住和應用以速度定義折射率n.6-recallandusetheequationsini/sinr=n記住和應用等式sini/sinr=n7-describetheactionofopticalfibres描述纖維光學的作用。(c) Thinconverginglens薄的匯聚透鏡1-describetheactionofathinconverginglensonabeamoflight描述薄聚焦透鏡對一束光的作用。2-usethetermprincipalfocusandfocallength會用主焦點和焦距。3-drawraydiagramstoillustratetheforma

40、tionofarealimagebyasinglelens用光線圖來解釋通過單鏡頭形成的實相。4-drawraydiagramstoillustratetheformationofavirtualimagebyasinglelens畫光線圖來解釋通過單鏡頭形成的虛像。5-useanddescribetheuseofasinglelensasamagnifyingglass用和描述利用一個單鏡頭作為一個放大鏡。(d) Dispersionoflight光的分散1-giveaqualitativeaccountofthedispersionoflightas川ustratedbytheaction

41、onlightofaglassprism定性的分析當光通過棱鏡分散的行為(e) Electromagneticspectrum電磁波譜1-describethemainfeaturesoftheelectromagneticspectrumandstatethatalle.m.wavestravelwiththesamehighspeedinvacuo描述電磁波的主要特點和描述所有的波以同樣的速度在真空中傳播。2-statetheapproximatevalueofthespeedofelectro-magneticwaves描述電磁波速度值。3-usethetermmonochromatic

42、用單一的一色的。3.3 Sound聲音1-describetheproductionofsoundbyvibratingsources描述聲音是由振動產(chǎn)生。2-describethelongitudinalnatureofsoundwaves描述聲音的縱向特性。3-statetheapproximaterangeofaudiblefrequencies描述可聽得見波的大概頻率。4-showanunderstandingthatamediumisrequiredinordertotransmitsoundwaves展示和理解聲音的傳播需要介質(zhì)。5-describeanexperimenttode

43、terminethespeedofsoundinair描述一個測量聲音在空氣中傳播的速度。6-relatetheloudnessandpitchofsoundwavestoamplitudeandfrequency聲波的響度和音調(diào)與振幅和頻率之間的關(guān)系。7-describehowthereflectionofsoundmayproduceanecho描述聲音的反射產(chǎn)生回聲。8-describecompressionandrarefaction描述壓縮和稀疏9-statetheorderofmagnitudeofthespeedofsoundinair,liquidsandsolids描述液體和

44、固體在空氣中傳播速率大小的順序。4. Electricityandmagnetism電和磁4.1 Simplephenomenaofmagnetism簡單的磁現(xiàn)象1-statethepropertiesofmagnets描述磁體的性質(zhì)。2-giveanaccountofinducedmagnetism說明感生磁性3-distinguishbetweenferrousandnonferrousmaterials區(qū)分含鐵和不含鐵的材料。4-describemethodsofmagnetisationandofdemagnetisation描述磁化和消除磁性的方法。5-describeanexper

45、imenttoidentifythepatternoffieldlinesroundabarmagnet描述一個實驗來辨認一個條形磁鐵周圍的場線圖案。6-distinguishbetweenthemagneticpropertiesofironandsteel區(qū)分鐵和鋼的磁性。7-distinguishbetweenthedesignanduseofpermanentmagnetsandelectromagnets區(qū)分和設計永久磁體和電磁體。4.2 Electricalquantities電學物理量(a) Electriccharge電荷1-describesimpleexperimentst

46、oshowtheproductionanddetectionofelectrostaticcharges描述一個簡單的實驗證明靜電荷的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)現(xiàn)2-statethattherearepositiveandnegativecharges描述存在正電荷和負電荷。3-statethatunlikechargesattractandthatlikechargesrepel描述同種電荷排斥，異種電荷吸引。4-describeanelectricfieldasaregioninwhichanelectricchargeexperiencesaforce描述電場是一個電荷受力的區(qū)域5-distinguish

47、betweenelectricalconductorsandinsulatorsandgivetypicalexamples區(qū)分導體和絕緣體并給出典型的例子。6-statethatchargeismeasuredincoulombs描述電荷由庫倫來測量。7-statethedirectionoflinesofforceanddescribesimplefieldpatterns,includingthefieldaroundapointchargeandthefieldbetweentwoparallelplates描述力的方向和簡單的場的圖案，包括點電荷周圍的場和兩個平行板之間的場。8-gi

48、veanaccountofchargingbyinduction9-recallandusethesimpleelectronmodeltodistinguishbetweenconductorsandinsulators記住和應用簡單的電子模型區(qū)分導體和絕緣體。(b) Current電流1-statethatcurrentisrelatedtotheflowofcharge描述電流和流動電荷的關(guān)系。2-useanddescribetheuseofanammeter用和描述電流表的用法。3-showunderstandingthatacurrentisarateofflowofchargean

49、drecallandusetheequationl=Q/t理解電流是流動電荷的變化率，記住何用等式I=Q/t4-distinguishbetweenthedirectionofflowofelectronsandconventionalcurrent區(qū)分電子的流動方向和傳統(tǒng)電流的方向。(c) Electro-motiveforce電動勢5-statethatthee.m.f.ofasourceofelectricalenergyismeasuredinvolts描述一個電能源的電動勢用伏特測量。6-showunderstandingthate.m.f.isdefinedintermsofene

50、rgysuppliedbyasourceindrivingchargeroundacompletecircuit理解電動勢被定義為能源提供的能量迫使電荷環(huán)繞整個電路。(d) Potentialdifference電勢差1-statethatthepotentialdifferenceacrossacircuitcomponentismeasuredinvolts描述通過一個電路元件的電勢差用伏特測量。2-useanddescribetheuseofavoltmeter用和描述電壓表的用法。(e) Resistance電阻1-statethatresistance=p.d./currentand

51、understandqualitativelyhowchangesinp.d.orresistanceaffectcurrent描述電阻=電勢差/電流并且理解怎樣改變電勢差和電阻影響電流。2-recallandusetheequationR=V/I記住和用等式R=V/I3-describeanexperimenttodetermineresistanceusingavoltmeterandanAmmeter描述一個實驗用電壓表和電流表測電阻值。4-relate(withoutcalculation)theresistanceofawiretoitslengthandtoitsdiameter不

52、通過計算聯(lián)系一個導線的電阻值與他的長度，直徑的關(guān)系。5-recallandusequantitativelytheproportionalitybetweenresistanceandthelengthandtheinverseproportionalitybetweenresistanceandcross-sectionalareaofawire記住和定性的用電阻和長度成正比和面積成反比。(f) Electricalenergy電能1-recallandusetheequationsP=IVandE=IVt記住&用等式P=I*V和E=I*V*t4.3 Electriccircuits電路(a

53、) Circuitdiagrams電路(b) Seriesandparallelcircuits串聯(lián)和并聯(lián)1-drawandinterpretcircuitdiagramscontainingsources,switches,resistors(fixedandvariable),lamps,ammetersvoltmeters,magnetisingcoils,transformers,bells,fusesandrelays畫和解釋電路圖包括電源，開關(guān)，電阻器(固定的和變化的)燈泡，電流表,電壓表，電磁圈,轉(zhuǎn)換器，電鈴，保險絲和延遲.2-understandthatthecurrentat

54、everypointinaseriescircuitisthesame理解串聯(lián)電路中每一點電流相等.3-givethecombinedresistanceoftwoormoreresistorsinseries給出個電阻串聯(lián)的總電阻.4-statethat,foraparallelcircuit,thecurrentfromthesourceislargerthanthecurrentineachbranch描述，對于一個并聯(lián)電路電源的總電流總是大于每一個之路的電流.5-drawandinterpretcircuitdiagramscontainingdiodesandtransistors畫

55、和解釋電路圖包括二極管和晶體三極管.6-recallandusethefactthatthesumofthep.d.sacrossthecomponentsinaseriescircuitisequaltothetotalp.d.acrossthesupply記住和應用串聯(lián)電路中各用電器電勢差之和等于總的電源電勢差.7-recallandusethefactthatthecurrentfromthesourceisthesumofthecurrentsintheseparatebranchesofaparallelcircuit記住和應用并聯(lián)電路電源的總電流等于各個支路電流之和.(c) Act

56、ionanduseofcircuitcomponents作用和用電路元件(d) Digitalelectronics數(shù)字電子學1-statethatthecombinedresistanceoftworesistorsinparallelislessthanthatofeitherresistorbyitself描述兩個電阻并聯(lián)的合電阻大于其中的任意一個電阻.2-statetheadvantagesofconnectinglampsinparallelinalightingcircuit說明照明電路中并聯(lián)燈泡的優(yōu)點.3-describetheactionofavariablepotential

57、divider(potentiometer)描述分壓器的作用.4-describetheactionofthermistorsandlightdependentresistorsandshowunderstandingoftheiruseasinputtransducers描述熱敏電阻和光敏電阻的作用并且理解它們作為輸入導體的作用.5-describetheactionofacapacitorasanenergystoreandshowunderstandingofitsuseintimedelaycircuits描述電容作為能量儲存的作用和理解它在延遲電路中的作用.6-describetheactionofarelayandshowunderstandingofitsuseinswitchingcircuits描述延遲的作用和理解它在開關(guān)電路中的作用.7-calculatetheeffectiveresistanceoftworesistorsin