初中被動語態(tài)語法講解

1、被動語態(tài)語法講解 (一) 語態(tài)分類英語動詞有兩種語態(tài).，主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主動)A new bridge will be built over the river. (被動)漢語中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示被動，而英語用：助動詞be + 及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。(二) 被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化主要體現(xiàn)在be的變化上，其形式與系動詞be的變化形式完全一樣。以 give 為例，列表如下：一般現(xiàn)在時：a

2、m / is / are + p.p一般過去時：was / were + p.p一般將來時：shall / will + be + p.p be(am / is / are)going to + be + p.p過去將來時：should / would + be + p.p be(was/were)going to + be + p.p現(xiàn)在進行時：am / is / are + being + be + p.p過去進行時：was / were + being + p.p現(xiàn)在完成時：have / has + been + P.P過去完成時：had + been + p.p情態(tài)動詞： 情態(tài)動詞 +

3、 be + p.p注被動語態(tài)沒有將來進行時和過去將來進行時。(三)常見的八種時態(tài)中的被動語態(tài)1. 一般現(xiàn)在時：People grow rice in the south of the country.-Rice is grown in the south of the country.2. 一般過去時：They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.-The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.3. 一般將來時：They will give plen

4、ty of jobs to school-leavers.-Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.4. 過去將來時：The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.-The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.6. 過去進行時：The workers were mending the road.-The road was being mended.

5、7. 現(xiàn)在完成時:He has brought his book here.-His book has been brought here.8. 過去完成時：When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets.-When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. (四） 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)是由“情態(tài)動詞+ be+ 及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。He can write a

6、great many letters with the computer.-A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.(五) 被 動 語 態(tài) 的 使 用1.當不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時，常用被動語態(tài)，這時往往不用by 短語。  “Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ”2.突出或強調(diào)動作的承受者，如果需要說出動作的執(zhí)行者，用by 短語。These records were made by John Denver.The cup was broken

7、by Paul.These cars were made in China.(六)主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法1.把主動語態(tài)的賓語變成被動語態(tài)的主語。2.把主動語態(tài)的謂語變成被動語態(tài)的be + 過去分詞，時態(tài)要與原句保持一致。3.把主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by 的賓語，放在被動語態(tài)里謂語動詞之后，by 短語可以省略。如果原句主語是地點名詞，在被動語態(tài)中用in + 地點名詞作狀語。My aunt invited me to her dinner party.主語  謂語  賓語 I was invited (by my aunt ) to her di

8、nner party.(七)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時所注意的問題1. 把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與原句時態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動詞要與新主語保持一致。We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought.  (正確)A new computer have been bought.  (錯誤)2. 含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時，可分別將其中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個不動，一般變間接賓語為主語時比較多。My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.-I was given

9、a present on my birthday.如果把直接賓語(指物)改為主語，則在間接賓語(指人)前加適當?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說： -A present was given to me yesterday.1.一般在下列動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞 to，如：bring, give, pass, show，lend等。(1) The book was showed to the class.(2) My bike was lent to her.2.在see, watch, hear, notice, make,等動詞后作賓語補足語的動詞不定式都不帶 to，但改成被動語態(tài)后都帶t

10、o，這時不定式為主語補足語，to不能省略。 We often hear him play the guitar.-He is often heard to play the guitar.3. 當主動句的主語是nobody, no one等含有否定意義的不定代詞時，被動句中將其變?yōu)閍nybody, 作by的賓語，并將謂語動詞變?yōu)榉穸ǖ谋粍诱Z態(tài)。    Nobody can answer this question.誤：The question can be answered by nobody.正：The question can not be answered

11、by anybody.4. 當否定句中的賓語是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代詞時，在被動句中應將其分別變?yōu)閚othing, nobody, no one作主語，并將謂語動詞變?yōu)榭隙ǖ谋粍诱Z態(tài)。They haven't done anything to make the river clean.誤：Anything hasn't been done to make the river clean.正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.5. 以who為主語開頭的疑問句，變被動時，用by whom放

12、在句首。Who wrote the story?誤：Who was the story written?正：By whom was the story written?9. 下列情況主動句不能改為被動句：下列動詞（詞組）沒有被動式： 下列動詞（詞組）沒有被動式： 1.、半系動詞無被動語態(tài)：以主動形式表示被動之意 、系動詞無被動語態(tài),常見的系動詞有： look/seem/appear, feel(感覺，摸起來 sound, smell, taste e.g. She seems/appears happy. It smells terrible. The silk feels soft. 絲綢摸

13、起來很柔軟。 (逐漸 變得 變成：become, grow, get, turn, come, go e.g. His wish has come true. 他的愿望實現(xiàn)了 People often went hungry in the old days. The tree is growing tall. The leaves of the trees turn yellow in autumn. 樹葉在秋天變黃。 保持：keep, stay e.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room. 2、有些不及物動詞常用主動形式表示被動意義。 不及物動詞常

14、用主動形式表示被動意義 某些可用來表示主語內(nèi)在“品質(zhì)”或“性能”的及物動詞，如 lock, shut, open, move, read, 某些可用來表示主語內(nèi)在“品質(zhì)” 用來表示主語內(nèi)在 性能”的及物動詞， write, sell, wash, clean, catch, draw, cut 等 舉例1This table cleans very easily.The cloth (布)washes well. His book doesn't sell well. The flower smells sweet. The supermarket opens at 8:00 in t

15、he morning. The door wont close/shut. 舉例2(1) Do you like the material?   Yes, it feels very soft.誤：It is felt very soft.(2)The food tastes delicious.誤：The food is tasted delicious.(3)The pop music sounds beautiful.誤：The pop music is sounded beautiful.某些表示“發(fā)生” happen, take place, occur,“爆發(fā)”

16、 break out, burst out“傳播”spread 的不及物 某些表示“發(fā)生” 舉例1The accident happened last week. Great changes have taken place in China .The fire spread from the factory to the warehouse nearby. 3舉例21.The fire broke out in the capital building.誤：The fire was broke out in the capital building.2. When we got t

17、o the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.誤：When we got to the top of the mountain,The sun had already been risen.3.After the earthquake, few houses remained.誤：After the earthquake, few houses were remained.第四，賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍泳渥拥闹髡Z。I taught myself English.誤：Myself was taught English.We love each other.誤：Each other is loved.10. 在漢語中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動結(jié)構(gòu)來表示。據(jù)說  It is said that 據(jù)報導    It is reported that 據(jù)推測    It is supposed that 希望