定語從句語法例句全解

1、定語從句一、概述在復(fù)合句(有主句有從句的句子)中，修飾某一名詞或代詞，用作定語的從句叫做定語從句(attributiveclause)。關(guān)系代詞Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.先行詞定語從句被定語從句所修飾的詞叫做先行詞(antecedent)o定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的作用：連接作用指代先行詞在句子中充當(dāng)一定成分引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：關(guān)系代詞who、whom、whose、which、that、as關(guān)系副詞when、where、why關(guān)系代詞作主語指人who、thatA不可省指物whichthat'關(guān)系代詞作賓語who

2、m指人that、who(口語)L可省指物whichthat關(guān)系代詞作定語Whose廠指人-指物Aplaneisamachine(that、which)canfly.飛機(jī)是會(huì)飛的機(jī)器。(引導(dǎo)詞that、which在句中作主語)Theforeigner(who、that)visitedourclassyesterdayisfromCanada.昨天至V我班來訪的夕卜國人來自加拿大。（引導(dǎo)詞who、that在句中作主語）Theyplantedthetrees（which、that）didn'tneedmuchwater.他們種植了需水不多的樹木。（引導(dǎo)詞which、that在句中作主語）Th

3、enoodles（that、which、一）Icookedweredelicious.我煮的面條美味可口。（引導(dǎo)詞that、which可省略作賓語）Thefish（which、that、）weboughtwerenotfresh.我們買的魚不新鮮。（引導(dǎo)詞作賓語）Thegirl（that、whom、who口語、）wesawyesterdaywasJim'ssister.我4昨天看至U的女孩是吉姆的姐姐。（引導(dǎo)詞作賓語）特殊請況：人+介詞+whom不可省，不可用that物+介詞+whichThepersonto（whom）youjusttalkedisMr.Li.剛才你與其交談的人是李先

4、生。（引導(dǎo)詞whom,不可省略）Thepersont（whom、that、who、一）youjusttalkedtoisMr.Li.Theknifewithwhichwecutthebreadissharp.我們用來切面包用的刀子很鋒利。Theknife（which、that、一）wecutthebreadwithissharp.指人Whomthatwho（口語）A一+介詞（可省）指物whichthat題：ShewaseducatedatBeijinguniversity,shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.A.afterwhichB.fromwhich

5、C.fromthatD.afterthat做題技巧：把現(xiàn)行詞帶到定語從句中變成一完整合理的句子，答案就出來了。Whose+n物=the+n+ofwhichOfwhichjthe+n人=Jthe+n+ofwhomOfwhom+the+nTheroomwhosewindowsfacesouthismine.thewindowsofwhichfacesouthismine.ofwhichthewindowsfacesouthismine.HeisateacherwhosenameisTom.thenameofwhomisTomofwhomthenameisTom. 只用that,不用which的情況

6、（先行詞指物除5、6條）當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞或被它們修飾時(shí)。all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little等不定代詞時(shí)（something之后也可用which）。Allthatglittersisnotgold.閃光的不光是金子。IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?有什么要我做的事嗎？Heansweredfewquestionsthattheteacherasked他幾乎沒有回答老師的那些問題。 當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)；或現(xiàn)行詞本身就是形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞時(shí)。Thiswasoneofthemostinte

7、restingbooksthatweresoldinthisbookstore.這是這家書店售出的最有趣的書之一。Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetsomefood.該做的第一件事是弄點(diǎn)吃的。 當(dāng)先行詞有thevery,theonly,theright等修飾時(shí)。That'stheonlythingthatwecandonowi前我們只能這樣了。Thosearetheveryrightwordsthatheused.那就是他的原話。Thisisthebestthatlhave.這是我所擁有的最好的。 當(dāng)先行詞是一個(gè)既指人又指物的并列詞組時(shí)。Theyw

8、eretalkingaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheysawinthefactory.他們在談?wù)撛诠S里看到的人和事。Theytalkedforabouthalfanhourofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.他們聊起他們所能記得起的學(xué)校里的人和事來，聊了約半個(gè)鐘頭。 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時(shí)。Chinaisnotthecountrythatitwas.中國已經(jīng)不是過去的中國了。Heisnottheboythatheusedtobe.他已經(jīng)不再是以前的那個(gè)男孩了。 當(dāng)要避免與疑問詞which,who

9、重復(fù)時(shí)。WhichisthecarthatwasmadeinBeijing?哪輛車是北京制造的？Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythedoor?站在門口的那個(gè)人是誰？在therebe句型中，先行詞為物時(shí)用thatThereisabookonthedeskthatImveryinterestedin.桌子上放著一本我感興趣的書。(若指人用whoeg.Thereislivedakinginthecastlewhowasverywise.)ThisisthefirsttimethatTherebe不定代詞序數(shù)詞，Thevery,theonly,theright;即有人又有物，作

10、表語whichwho.（3）用which,不用that的情況（先行詞指物）引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。（which在限制性定語從句中可以指代一個(gè)或一些物，在非限制性定語從句中即可指主句一部分也可指代整個(gè)主句。）Football,whichisaninterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.全世界都踢足球，它是一項(xiàng)有趣的運(yùn)動(dòng)。CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,whichpersonallyIdoubtverymuch.卡羅爾說這項(xiàng)工作將在十月前做，對此我個(gè)人表示懷疑。Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighly

11、ofherroleintheplay,which,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.桃樂茜總是吹噓她在戲劇中的角色，這當(dāng)然使別人不高興。 直接放在介詞后作賓語時(shí)。Languageisthemostimportanttoolwithoutwhichpeoplecan'tcommunicatewitheachother.語言是最重要的工具，沒有它，人們便無法交流。 先行詞本身是that或those時(shí)。ThatThosewhichyoutoldhimaboutisarewhatIwanttoknow.你告訴他的事情也是我想知道的。（注意：若those指人要用whoe

12、g.Thosewhoareforme,putupyourhands.同意我的人請舉手。）thesamethat同一物-as同類eg.ThisisthesamebikerthatIlostyesterdayo.這是我昨天丟的那輛自行車。asIlostyesterday.這輛自行車和我昨天對的那輛一樣。Way作狀語inwhichthat_作主語、賓語whichthatIdon'tliketheway(inwhichthat_)hespeakstome.(狀語)Thisistheway(thatwhich)reallyworks.(主語)Ididitintheway(thatwhich_)h

13、etoldme.(賓語)題：I,yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyou.A.thatisB.whichamC.whoisD.whoam注意：關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語是，從句中謂語的人稱和數(shù)必須和先行詞保持一致。Thatisoneofthosebooksthatareworthreading.Thatisthe(only)oneofthosebooksthatisworthreading.As:1）引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句：作關(guān)系代詞可指人，物；可作主，賓，表語；常譯成“正如”構(gòu)成固定搭酉己：thesame.as;suchas;soas;as.as（as不可?。㊣should

14、liketousethesametoolasyouusedyesterday.我想用你昨天使用的那種工具。（作賓語）Don'treadsuchbooksasarenotworthreading.Readsuchbooksasyoucanunderstand.不要讀那些不值得讀的書，只去讀那些你能讀懂的書就可以了。Repeatthisasoftenasisnecessary根據(jù)需要反復(fù)這樣做。（作主語）Igavehimasmuchashecouldeat.他能吃多少，我就給了他多少。（作賓語）Itissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.（定語從句）這是沒人能舉起的一塊大石

15、頭。tthatnoonecanliftit.（結(jié)果狀語從句）這是如此大的一塊石頭以至于沒人能舉起它。Heissuchanhonestmanthatwerespecthim.他是一個(gè)如此誠實(shí)的人以至于我們都尊敬他（如此以致”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句）Heissuchanhonestmanaswerespect他是我們所尊敬的這種誠實(shí)的人。（suchas"像這樣的",引導(dǎo)定語從句）引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句1）可放句首、中、末；常指代整個(gè)主句（which只能放在主句后）Heisagoodstudent,asweallknow.（which語法合但不能用）Asweallknow,heisag

16、oodstudent.He,asweallknow,isagoodstudent.2）as有“正如，就像”之意，表符合人們的認(rèn)識事情的發(fā)展的，所以主從句語義往往一致,若不一致，用whichTheyremarried,aswehadexpected.whichwehadn'texpected.固定搭配：Asweallknow=asisknowntoall眾所周知Asisexpected正如所料AsIrememberunderstand正如我所記得的、明白的那樣Asisreportedsaidannouncedinthenewspaper正如報(bào)道的那樣Asheoftenwas正如經(jīng)常那樣A

17、sisusual正如往常那樣Asisclear正如很清楚的那樣Asisclear,heisright.關(guān)系副詞先行詞為時(shí)間在從句中作狀語時(shí)when=適當(dāng)介詞（in、on、at.）+which地點(diǎn)where=whichReasonwhy=forwhichJulyandAugustarethemonthswhentheweatherishot.七八月是天氣很熱的月份。=inwhichThisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.=inwhichThisisthereasonwhyhedidso.這就是他這樣做了的理由。=forwhich當(dāng)point、stage、spot、c

18、asssituation等作先行詞表抽象地點(diǎn)時(shí)，常用where引導(dǎo)定語從句。Canyouthinkoutasituationwherethiswordcanbeused?Herillnesshasdevelopedtothepointwherenobodycancureher.并非先行詞是時(shí)間地點(diǎn)reason時(shí)都用關(guān)系副詞當(dāng)時(shí)間whichJ地點(diǎn)在從句中作主、賓時(shí)用JthatReasonI省去Thisisthefactorythat/whichwevisitedlastyear.這是我們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^的那家工廠。Iwon'tforgetthetimethatwhich一wespentinthe

19、countryside.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我在農(nóng)村度過的那段時(shí)光Thisisthereasonthatwhich-giveme.選關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞？ 從句中缺住、賓、表、定時(shí)用關(guān)系代詞從句是完整句子缺狀語（時(shí)、地、原因）時(shí)用關(guān)系副詞。介詞+which+不定式。此種用法多見于正式文體中，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)帶有主語和謂語的定語從句。Shehadonly1.87withwhichtobuy(=shecouldbuy)Jim,herhusband,apresent.她只有一元八角七分錢，用這些錢給他的丈夫吉姆買一件禮物。Atlasthehadsomethingaboutwhichtowrite(=hecouldwrite)home.他終于有給家寫信的內(nèi)容了。當(dāng)先行詞為theway,thetime,theperiod等時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞常用that,但通常被省略。Idon'tliketheway(that)youspeaktoher.我不喜歡你對她說話的方式。whohavequestionstoask,raiseyourhands.A.AnyoneB.T