th不良地質(zhì)地基處理

1、t th h不不良良地地質(zhì)質(zhì)地地基基處處理理Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。第一節(jié) 概 述2proved that a people and a nation, if it does not have its own spiritual pillar, there is no unity of spiritual support, it means that no soul, will lose cohesion and vitality. Figuratively speaking, a sack of potatoes, quan

2、tity cannot be too a team, form a joint force; only like granite, so closely United to form invincible, no difficult means of strength. National rejuvenation of Chinese dream, not only embodies the common interests and pursuits, and covers a variety of groups and classes, has a wide applicability an

3、d inclusive, with a strong integrating force and lead the force. She embodies the aspirations of several generations of Chinese, reflecting today . Into sex and purity, and the inevitable requirement of constantly improving the partys governing capacity. Strengthening the construction of the advance

4、d nature and purity, the core problem is always maintaining the partys flesh-and-blood ties with the masses, so that our party will always be the most wholehearted support of the masses. Must take the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the party all the starting poin

5、t and ending point, the party has always been a common fate with the masses, this is the magic weapon for our party to always maintain the advanced nature and purity. Strengthening the construction of partys advanced nature and purity and enhancing the partys ruling ability will eventually be implem

6、ented to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. All the work merits this is a measure of the partys fundamental standards, is a measure of the partys advanced nature and purity standards. Believe who, depending on who, who, standing on th

7、e position of the overwhelming majority of the people are always, always realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, it is a touchstone of the Marxist party of judgement, is also sign of Marxist party is different from other political parties.

8、 Marxist political party has a clear political position and historical mission: for the interests of the vast majority of people, committed to the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. From the day of the establishment of the Chinese Communist Party, always adhere to basi

9、c principles of historical materialism, for the interests of the most people as their goal, always serving as its fundamental purpose and values. Fully trust the masses, closely rely on the masses maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the masses is always the source of our party full of vigor and vital

10、ity, is always the most determined in the development of our party and our country. Conscientiously accept supervision by the masses, pay attention to listen to the masses assessment, which itself was the partys advanced nature and purity into practical action to realize the fundamental interests of

11、 the overwhelming majority of the people. At present, the party committees and leading cadres and the Government generally value the close relations with the masses, do a lot of productive work, but there are still some不良地質(zhì)路基處理不良地質(zhì)路基處理第一節(jié) 概 述土木工程建設(shè)中，有時(shí)不可避免地遇到工程地質(zhì)條件不良的軟弱土地基，不能滿足建筑物要求，需要先經(jīng)過人工處理加固，再建造基

12、礎(chǔ)，處理后的地基稱為人工地基。地基處理的目的是針對(duì)軟土地基上建造建筑物可能產(chǎn)生的問題，采取人工的方法改善地基土的工程性質(zhì)，達(dá)到滿足上部結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)地基穩(wěn)定和變形的要求，這些方法主要包括提高地基土的抗剪強(qiáng)度，增大地基承載力，防止剪切破壞或減輕土壓力；改善地基土壓縮特性，減少沉降和不均勻沉降：改善其滲透性，加速固結(jié)沉降過程；改善土的動(dòng)力特性防止液化，減輕振動(dòng)；消除或減少特殊土的不良工程特性（如黃土的濕陷性，膨脹土的膨脹性等）。近幾十年來，大量的土木工程實(shí)踐推動(dòng)了軟弱土地基處理技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展，地基處理的方法多樣化，地基處理的新技術(shù)、新理論不斷涌現(xiàn)并日趨完善，地基處理已成為基礎(chǔ)工程領(lǐng)域中一個(gè)較有生命力的分枝

13、。根據(jù)地基處理方法的基本原理，基本上可以分為如表6-1所示的幾類。地基處理方法的分類地基處理方法的分類 表表6-16-1物理處理化學(xué)處理熱學(xué)處理置換排水?dāng)D密加筋攪拌灌漿熱加固凍結(jié)但必須指出，很多地基處理方法具有多重加固處理的功能，例如碎石樁具有置換、擠密、排水和加筋的多重功能；而石灰樁則具有擠密、吸水和置換等功能。地基處理的主要方法、適用范圍及加固原理，參見表6-2。第一節(jié) 概 述3proved that a people and a nation, if it does not have its own spiritual pillar, there is no unity of spiri

14、tual support, it means that no soul, will lose cohesion and vitality. Figuratively speaking, a sack of potatoes, quantity cannot be too a team, form a joint force; only like granite, so closely United to form invincible, no difficult means of strength. National rejuvenation of Chinese dream, not onl

15、y embodies the common interests and pursuits, and covers a variety of groups and classes, has a wide applicability and inclusive, with a strong integrating force and lead the force. She embodies the aspirations of several generations of Chinese, reflecting today . Into sex and purity, and the inevit

16、able requirement of constantly improving the partys governing capacity. Strengthening the construction of the advanced nature and purity, the core problem is always maintaining the partys flesh-and-blood ties with the masses, so that our party will always be the most wholehearted support of the mass

17、es. Must take the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the party all the starting point and ending point, the party has always been a common fate with the masses, this is the magic weapon for our party to always maintain the advanced nature and purity. Strengthening th

18、e construction of partys advanced nature and purity and enhancing the partys ruling ability will eventually be implemented to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. All the work merits this is a measure of the partys fundamental standards

19、, is a measure of the partys advanced nature and purity standards. Believe who, depending on who, who, standing on the position of the overwhelming majority of the people are always, always realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, it is a t

20、ouchstone of the Marxist party of judgement, is also sign of Marxist party is different from other political parties. Marxist political party has a clear political position and historical mission: for the interests of the vast majority of people, committed to the fundamental interests of the overwhe

21、lming majority of the people. From the day of the establishment of the Chinese Communist Party, always adhere to basic principles of historical materialism, for the interests of the most people as their goal, always serving as its fundamental purpose and values. Fully trust the masses, closely rely

22、on the masses maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the masses is always the source of our party full of vigor and vitality, is always the most determined in the development of our party and our country. Conscientiously accept supervision by the masses, pay attention to listen to the masses assessment,

23、 which itself was the partys advanced nature and purity into practical action to realize the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. At present, the party committees and leading cadres and the Government generally value the close relations with the masses, do a lot of produ

24、ctive work, but there are still some地基處理的主要方法、適用范圍和加固原理地基處理的主要方法、適用范圍和加固原理 表表6-26-2分類方法加固原理適用范圍換土墊層法采用開挖后換好土回填的方法；對(duì)于厚度較小的淤泥質(zhì)土層，亦可采用拋石擠淤法。地基淺層性能良好的墊層，與下臥層形成雙層地基。墊層可有效地?cái)U(kuò)散基底壓力，提高地基承載力和減少沉降量。各種淺層的軟弱土地基振沖置換法利用振沖器在高壓水的作用下邊振、邊沖，在地基中成孔，在孔內(nèi)回填碎石料且振密成碎石樁。碎石樁柱體與樁間土形成復(fù)合地基，提高承載力，減少沉降量cu20kPa的粘性土、松散粉土和人工填土、濕陷性黃土地基

25、等強(qiáng)夯置換法采用強(qiáng)夯時(shí)，夯坑內(nèi)回填塊石、碎石擠淤置換的方法，形成碎石墩柱體，以提高地基承載力和減少沉降量。淺層軟弱土層較薄的地基碎石樁法采用沉管法或其他技術(shù)，在軟土中設(shè)置砂或碎石樁柱體，置換后形成復(fù)合地基，可提高地基承載力，降低地基沉降。同時(shí)，砂、石柱體在軟粘土中形成排水通道，加速固結(jié)一般軟土地基石灰樁法在軟弱土中成孔后，填入生石灰或其他混合料，形成豎向石灰樁柱體，通過生石灰的吸水膨脹、放熱以及離子交換作用改善樁柱體周圍土體的性質(zhì)，形成石灰樁復(fù)合地基，以提高地基承載力，減少沉降量人工填土、軟土地基置換EPS輕填法發(fā)泡聚苯乙烯（EPS）重度只有土的1/501/100，并具有較高的強(qiáng)度和低壓縮性，

26、用于填土料，可有效減少作用于地基的荷載，且根據(jù)需要用于地基的淺層置換軟弱土地基上的填方工程第一節(jié) 概 述4proved that a people and a nation, if it does not have its own spiritual pillar, there is no unity of spiritual support, it means that no soul, will lose cohesion and vitality. Figuratively speaking, a sack of potatoes, quantity cannot be too a te

27、am, form a joint force; only like granite, so closely United to form invincible, no difficult means of strength. National rejuvenation of Chinese dream, not only embodies the common interests and pursuits, and covers a variety of groups and classes, has a wide applicability and inclusive, with a str

28、ong integrating force and lead the force. She embodies the aspirations of several generations of Chinese, reflecting today . Into sex and purity, and the inevitable requirement of constantly improving the partys governing capacity. Strengthening the construction of the advanced nature and purity, th

29、e core problem is always maintaining the partys flesh-and-blood ties with the masses, so that our party will always be the most wholehearted support of the masses. Must take the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the party all the starting point and ending point, the

30、 party has always been a common fate with the masses, this is the magic weapon for our party to always maintain the advanced nature and purity. Strengthening the construction of partys advanced nature and purity and enhancing the partys ruling ability will eventually be implemented to realize, safeg

31、uard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. All the work merits this is a measure of the partys fundamental standards, is a measure of the partys advanced nature and purity standards. Believe who, depending on who, who, standing on the position of the overw

32、helming majority of the people are always, always realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, it is a touchstone of the Marxist party of judgement, is also sign of Marxist party is different from other political parties. Marxist political part

33、y has a clear political position and historical mission: for the interests of the vast majority of people, committed to the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. From the day of the establishment of the Chinese Communist Party, always adhere to basic principles of histori

34、cal materialism, for the interests of the most people as their goal, always serving as its fundamental purpose and values. Fully trust the masses, closely rely on the masses maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the masses is always the source of our party full of vigor and vitality, is always the most

35、 determined in the development of our party and our country. Conscientiously accept supervision by the masses, pay attention to listen to the masses assessment, which itself was the partys advanced nature and purity into practical action to realize the fundamental interests of the overwhelming major

36、ity of the people. At present, the party committees and leading cadres and the Government generally value the close relations with the masses, do a lot of productive work, but there are still some分類方法加固原理適用范圍加載預(yù)壓法在預(yù)壓荷載作用下，通過一定的預(yù)壓時(shí)間，天然地基被壓縮、固結(jié)，地基土的強(qiáng)度提高，壓縮性降低。在達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)要求后，卸去預(yù)壓荷載，再建造上部結(jié)構(gòu)，以保證地基穩(wěn)定和變形滿足要求。當(dāng)天然

37、土層的滲透性較低時(shí)，為了縮短滲透固結(jié)的時(shí)間，加速固結(jié)速率，可在地基中設(shè)置豎向排水通道，如砂井、排水板等。加載預(yù)壓的荷載，一般有利用建筑物自身荷載、堆載或真空預(yù)壓等軟土、粉土、雜填土、沖填土等排水固結(jié)超載預(yù)壓法基本原理同加載預(yù)壓法，但預(yù)壓荷載超過上部結(jié)構(gòu)的荷載。一般在保證地基穩(wěn)定的前提下，超載預(yù)壓方法的效果更好，特別是對(duì)降低地基次固結(jié)沉降十分有效淤泥質(zhì)粘性土和粉土強(qiáng)夯法采用重量100400kN的夯錘，從高處自由落下，在強(qiáng)烈的沖擊力和振動(dòng)力作用下，地基土密實(shí)，可以提高承載力，減少沉降量松散碎石土、砂土，低飽和度粉土和粘性土，濕陷性黃土、雜填土和素填土地基振沖密實(shí)法振沖器的強(qiáng)力振動(dòng)，使得飽和砂層發(fā)生

38、液化，砂粒重新排列，孔隙率降低；同時(shí)，利用振沖器的水平振沖力，回填碎石料使得砂層擠密，達(dá)到提高地基承載力，降低沉降的目的粘粒含量少于10%的疏松散砂土地基振密擠密擠密碎（砂）石樁法施工方法與排水中的碎（砂）石樁相同，但是，沉管過程中的排土和振動(dòng)作用，將樁柱體之間土體擠密，并形成碎（砂）石樁柱體復(fù)合地基，達(dá)到提高地基承載力和減小地基沉降的目的松散砂土、雜填土、非飽和粘性土地基、黃土地基第一節(jié) 概 述5proved that a people and a nation, if it does not have its own spiritual pillar, there is no unity

39、of spiritual support, it means that no soul, will lose cohesion and vitality. Figuratively speaking, a sack of potatoes, quantity cannot be too a team, form a joint force; only like granite, so closely United to form invincible, no difficult means of strength. National rejuvenation of Chinese dream,

40、 not only embodies the common interests and pursuits, and covers a variety of groups and classes, has a wide applicability and inclusive, with a strong integrating force and lead the force. She embodies the aspirations of several generations of Chinese, reflecting today . Into sex and purity, and th

41、e inevitable requirement of constantly improving the partys governing capacity. Strengthening the construction of the advanced nature and purity, the core problem is always maintaining the partys flesh-and-blood ties with the masses, so that our party will always be the most wholehearted support of

42、the masses. Must take the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the party all the starting point and ending point, the party has always been a common fate with the masses, this is the magic weapon for our party to always maintain the advanced nature and purity. Strength

43、ening the construction of partys advanced nature and purity and enhancing the partys ruling ability will eventually be implemented to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. All the work merits this is a measure of the partys fundamental s

44、tandards, is a measure of the partys advanced nature and purity standards. Believe who, depending on who, who, standing on the position of the overwhelming majority of the people are always, always realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, i

45、t is a touchstone of the Marxist party of judgement, is also sign of Marxist party is different from other political parties. Marxist political party has a clear political position and historical mission: for the interests of the vast majority of people, committed to the fundamental interests of the

46、 overwhelming majority of the people. From the day of the establishment of the Chinese Communist Party, always adhere to basic principles of historical materialism, for the interests of the most people as their goal, always serving as its fundamental purpose and values. Fully trust the masses, close

47、ly rely on the masses maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the masses is always the source of our party full of vigor and vitality, is always the most determined in the development of our party and our country. Conscientiously accept supervision by the masses, pay attention to listen to the masses ass

48、essment, which itself was the partys advanced nature and purity into practical action to realize the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. At present, the party committees and leading cadres and the Government generally value the close relations with the masses, do a lot

49、of productive work, but there are still some分類方法加固原理適用范圍土、灰土樁法采用沉管等技術(shù)，在地基中成孔，回填土或灰土形成豎向加固體，施工過程中排土和振動(dòng)作用，擠密土體，并形成復(fù)合地基，提高地基承載力，減小沉降量地下水位以上的濕陷性黃土、雜填土、素填土地基加筋土法在土體中加入起抗拉作用的筋材，例如土工合成材料、金屬材料等，通過筋土間作用，達(dá)到減小或抵抗土壓力；調(diào)整基底接觸應(yīng)力的目的。可用于支擋結(jié)構(gòu)或淺層地基處理淺層軟弱土地基處理、擋土墻結(jié)構(gòu)錨固法主要有土釘和土錨法，土釘加固作用依賴于土釘與其周圍土間的相互作用；土錨則依賴于錨桿另一端的錨固作用，兩

50、者主要功能是減少或承受水平向作用力邊坡加固，土錨技術(shù)應(yīng)用中，必須有可以錨固的土層、巖層或構(gòu)筑物加筋豎向加固體復(fù)合地基法在地基中設(shè)置小直徑剛性樁、低等級(jí)混凝土樁等豎向加固體，例如CFG樁、二灰混凝土樁等，形成復(fù)合地基，提高地基承載力，減少沉降量各類軟弱土地基、尤其是較深厚的軟土地基深層攪拌法利用深層攪拌機(jī)械，將固化劑（一般的無機(jī)固化劑為水泥、石灰、粉煤灰等）在原位與軟弱土攪拌成樁柱體，可以形成樁柱體復(fù)合地基、格柵狀或連續(xù)墻支擋結(jié)構(gòu)。作為復(fù)合地基，可以提高地基承載力和減少變形；作為支擋結(jié)構(gòu)或防滲，可以用作基坑開挖時(shí)，重力式支擋結(jié)構(gòu)，或深基坑的止水帷幕。水泥系深層攪拌法，一般有兩大類方法，即噴漿攪拌

51、法和噴粉攪拌法飽和軟粘土地基，對(duì)于有機(jī)質(zhì)較高的泥炭質(zhì)土或泥炭、含水量很高的淤泥和淤泥質(zhì)土，適用性宜通過試驗(yàn)確定化學(xué)固化灌漿或注漿法有滲入灌漿、劈裂灌漿、壓密灌漿以及高壓注漿等多種工法，漿液的種類較多。類軟弱土地基，巖石地基基加固，建筑物糾偏等加固處理第一節(jié) 概 述6proved that a people and a nation, if it does not have its own spiritual pillar, there is no unity of spiritual support, it means that no soul, will lose cohesion and

52、vitality. Figuratively speaking, a sack of potatoes, quantity cannot be too a team, form a joint force; only like granite, so closely United to form invincible, no difficult means of strength. National rejuvenation of Chinese dream, not only embodies the common interests and pursuits, and covers a v

53、ariety of groups and classes, has a wide applicability and inclusive, with a strong integrating force and lead the force. She embodies the aspirations of several generations of Chinese, reflecting today . Into sex and purity, and the inevitable requirement of constantly improving the partys governin

54、g capacity. Strengthening the construction of the advanced nature and purity, the core problem is always maintaining the partys flesh-and-blood ties with the masses, so that our party will always be the most wholehearted support of the masses. Must take the fundamental interests of the overwhelming

55、majority of the people as the party all the starting point and ending point, the party has always been a common fate with the masses, this is the magic weapon for our party to always maintain the advanced nature and purity. Strengthening the construction of partys advanced nature and purity and enha

56、ncing the partys ruling ability will eventually be implemented to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. All the work merits this is a measure of the partys fundamental standards, is a measure of the partys advanced nature and purity stan

57、dards. Believe who, depending on who, who, standing on the position of the overwhelming majority of the people are always, always realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, it is a touchstone of the Marxist party of judgement, is also sign of

58、 Marxist party is different from other political parties. Marxist political party has a clear political position and historical mission: for the interests of the vast majority of people, committed to the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. From the day of the establishm

59、ent of the Chinese Communist Party, always adhere to basic principles of historical materialism, for the interests of the most people as their goal, always serving as its fundamental purpose and values. Fully trust the masses, closely rely on the masses maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the masses

60、is always the source of our party full of vigor and vitality, is always the most determined in the development of our party and our country. Conscientiously accept supervision by the masses, pay attention to listen to the masses assessment, which itself was the partys advanced nature and purity into