虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法歸納

1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法歸納英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般可帶有三種不同的語(yǔ)氣：陳述語(yǔ)氣，祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。不同的語(yǔ)氣用動(dòng)詞的不同形式（有的還借助句法形式）來(lái)表示。一、虛擬條件句條件句有兩類：一類是真實(shí)條件句，一類是虛擬條件句如果假設(shè)的情況是有可能發(fā)生的，就是真實(shí)條件句，謂語(yǔ)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。Ifyoudon'tworkhard,youwillfail.Ifitisfinetomorrow,wewillgoforapicnic.如果假設(shè)的情況過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)都不存在，則為虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬條件句和對(duì)應(yīng)主句的動(dòng)詞形式列表：條件從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)haddonewould/could/migh

2、t/shouldhavedone與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)過(guò)去時(shí)（wasfwere）would/could/might/shoulddo與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)過(guò)去時(shí)（wasfwere）;shoulddo;weretodowould/could/might/shoulddo1 .與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery?IfIwereyou,Iwouldseizethechancetogoabroad.IfIhadalotofmoneynow,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.2 .與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬Ifyouhadbeenhereyes

3、terday,youwouldhaveseenher.Ifhehaddrivenmorecarefully,hewouldnothavehadthecaraccidentyesterday.3 .與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬Ifitweretorain/shouldrain/rainedtomorrow,ourplanwouldbeputoff.Ifweweretopicnic,wewouldnotbeabletohelp.二、錯(cuò)綜、混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真實(shí)條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣模式，從句和主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)間是一致的，如果兩者時(shí)間不一致，此時(shí)就是混合型虛擬語(yǔ)氣。混合型虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使用要求“

4、各自為政”，即從句和主句根據(jù)各自假設(shè)的時(shí)間不同，采用上面表格中對(duì)應(yīng)的的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。1. IfIhadseenyou,Iwouldnotbesoworriednow.（從句是對(duì)過(guò)去的假設(shè)，主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)）2. Ifyouhadnotwatchedtelevisionsolatelastnight,youwouldnotbesosleepynow.（從句是對(duì)過(guò)去的假設(shè)，主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)）3. Hadyoufollowedthedoctorssuggestion,youwouldbefinenow.（從句是對(duì)過(guò)去的彳矍設(shè)，主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)）4. IfIhadmadesomemoneylas

5、tsummer,Iwouldgoonholidaynextmonth.（從句是對(duì)過(guò)去的假設(shè)，主句是對(duì)將來(lái)的假設(shè)）5. Youdidn'tletmedrive.Ifwehaddriveninturns,youwouldn'tbesotirednow.（從句是對(duì)過(guò)去的假設(shè)，主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)）6. IfIwereyourmother,Iwouldletyougooutthisweekend.(從句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)，主句是對(duì)將來(lái)的假設(shè))三、含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的“含蓄之美”指的是含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣。因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不是以if引導(dǎo)的條件從句形式出現(xiàn)，而是通過(guò)一些短語(yǔ)等形式暗示虛擬語(yǔ)氣的存

6、在，常用的詞語(yǔ)有with,without,butfor,otherwise,or,even,incaseof,whatif(如果將如何)等等，這種句子往往有主句而無(wú)從句(考試時(shí)多數(shù)情況是對(duì)過(guò)去的假設(shè))。Butforyourencouragement,Iwouldnothavebeenadmittedtothisuniversity.(過(guò)去)Withoutwater,allliveswoulddie.(現(xiàn)在)Hefelttootiredyesterday,orhewouldhaveattendedmyparty.(過(guò)去)Iwashavingameeting,otherwiseIwouldhave

7、cometoseeyouoff.(過(guò)去)四、虛名詞性從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣含有should+V的用法，這一部分主要是有關(guān)建議和命令的相關(guān)從句，包括主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句以及以之相關(guān)的形式主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)之類的從句。記憶口訣：一個(gè)堅(jiān)持(insist),兩個(gè)命令(order,command),三個(gè)建議(suggest,advise,recommend),四個(gè)要求(ask,require,demand,request)。1 .賓語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣Heinsistedthatthemeetingbeputoff.Thegeneralordered(that)allthesoldiers(should)

8、leave.Hegivesordersthatthesoldiers(should)leave.2 .表語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)stayhereforarest.3 .同位語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣Thereisnosuggestionthatshe(should)resign.4 .主語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣主要體現(xiàn)在It做形式主語(yǔ)的三種情況：It's+p.p+that;It's+adj.+that;It's+n.+that常用的動(dòng)詞recommand,demand,desire,order,request,require,suggest

9、,command常用的形容詞important,necessary,right,advisable,natural,strange,surprising,regretful,urgent,vital,insistent,essential常用的名詞duty,pity,nosurpise,nowonder,shame,regret其實(shí)這些詞在句子中其實(shí)也有建議命令類似的的意思It'simportantthatyoushouldtakethemedicine.It'sapitythatyoushouldrefusetheinvitation.It'sessentialtha

10、tweshouldlearnsomeknowledgeaboutfistaid.It'sdemandedthatallthestudentsshouldgototheplayground.Itwassuggestedthatheshouldjointheclubactivities.5 .It為形式賓語(yǔ)的情況實(shí)際上是上面形式主語(yǔ)的一種變形，是以it為形式賓語(yǔ)的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)從句，it后面的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)多為形容詞或名詞，常見詞就是上面形式主語(yǔ)后面的那些詞。Iconsideritvitalthathe(should)thinkdeeplybeforeacting.Wethinkitnecessar

11、ythatthemeeting(should)beputoff.6 .某些詞語(yǔ)如suggest,insist等有雙重含義，所以在使用的時(shí)候要注意什么時(shí)候用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，什么時(shí)候不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Hersmilesuggestedthatshewasinfavoroftheplan.Weinsistedthatwhattheboydidwaswrong.五.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在特殊句式中的運(yùn)用，主要有兩種情況：1. wouldrather,It'stime,forfearthatwouldrather在使用時(shí)要注意它的不同用法。因?yàn)楸旧韜ouldrather可以直接接動(dòng)詞原形，構(gòu)成wouldratherd

12、osth.（thandosth.else）;或者woulddosth.ratherthandosth.else.而虛擬語(yǔ)氣的wouldrather是這樣使用的wouldrathersb.did（對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的假設(shè)）/haddone（對(duì)過(guò)去的假設(shè)）Iwouldratherhedidn'tgonow.Theywouldrathertheyhadn'tattendedtheparty.It's（about）（high）time（that），從句中常用過(guò)去式（有時(shí)也用shoulddo）,含建議的意思。漢語(yǔ)的意思為是該做的時(shí)候了”，也等于It'stimeforsb.tod

13、osth.Itshightime（that）wewenthome.Itshightimethatwe（should）gohome.Itshightimeforustogohome.forfearthat后面可以接虛擬語(yǔ)氣shoulddo,也可以接其他語(yǔ)氣，但依然會(huì)有一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。IwillnotmakeanoiseforfearthatIshould/mightdisturdyou.II.wish+clause;asif/though+clause;Ifonly這三種情況的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有點(diǎn)相似。wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其形式主要有三種wishsb.did（對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬）;wis

14、hsb.haddone（對(duì)過(guò)去白虛擬）;wishsb.woulddo（對(duì)將來(lái)白虛擬）.偶爾在對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬時(shí)，也會(huì)出現(xiàn)wishsb.wouldhavedone的情況。IwishIknewwhatwasgoingtohappen.Shewishedshehadstayedathome.IwishIwouldhaveseenherlastnight.此時(shí)要注意表示語(yǔ)氣很強(qiáng)時(shí)用Howsb.Wish+clause,其用法同上。如果要用was依然換成were.HowIwishIwereabird.asif/though出現(xiàn)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣主要有兩種情況：主句+asif/though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句；seem/lo

15、ok/smell+asif/though弓I導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。主句+asif/though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句：主句+asif/though+主語(yǔ)+did/were（對(duì)現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)）；主句+asif/though+主語(yǔ)+could/woulddo（對(duì)將來(lái)白假設(shè)）；主句+asif/though+主語(yǔ)+haddone（對(duì)過(guò)去的假設(shè)）seem/look/smell等的從句情況基本上和上面一致。Shetalksasifshekneweverything.Hebehavedasifnothinghadhappened.注意不需要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況Ifonly引起的感嘆句要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示愿望。形式為：用過(guò)去式或者w

16、ould/coulddo,表示與現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)事實(shí)相反的愿望；用過(guò)去完成式表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望。Ifonlyhewerehere!Ifonlyyouwouldlistentoouradvise!IfonlyIhadnotbeenbusylastweek!Ifonly也可以用于虛擬條件從句中，如：IfonlyIhadmoremoney,Icouldbuyacar!六、虛擬語(yǔ)氣測(cè)試題I.用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Ifyou(follow)thedoctor,you(be)allrightnow.2. Ifwe(drive)thecarbyturns,you(notbe)sotirednow.3

17、. IfI(be)you,I(notmiss)thatopportunity.4. Ifthey(start)intheearlymorning,they(arrive)soon5.Ifyou(take)anumbrella,you(notbe)wetnow.6. Withoutwater,there(be)nolivingthings.7. Butforyourhelp,we(notfinish)thework.8. Theyoungmaninsistedthathe(do)nothingwrongand(set)free.9. Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you(b

18、e)allrightnow.10. lookattheterriblesituationIamin.IfonlyI(follow)youradvice.11. 單項(xiàng)選擇。1. IfIhadenoughtime,Iitbetternexttime.A.willdoB.havedoneC.didD.woulddo2. Ifmycarmorereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.A.wasB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.wouldbe3. HowIwisheveryfamilyalargehousewithabe

19、autifulgarden.A.hadB.havehadC.willhaveD.hadhad4. Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfItime,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.A.hadB.havehadC.hadhadD.have5. Ithroughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.A.wouldn'thavegoneB.didn'tgoC.wouldn'tgoD.hadn'tgone6. -Hewillcometomorrow.-ButIdratherhethe

20、dayaftertomorrow.A.willcomeB.iscomingC.cameD.hadcome7. Whatwouldhavehappened,asfarastheriverbank?A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkedfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfarther8. Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday.Ithetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme.A.shouldhavetakenB.couldhavetakenC.mustn

21、'thavetakenD.needn'thavetaken9. Youmuchbetternowifyouhadtakenthedoctor'sadvice.A.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.willbeD.shouldbe10. myselftomystudy,Iwouldbesittinginacomfortabletableofficenow.A.IfIdevotedB.ShouldIdevoteC.WouldIdevoteD.HadIdevoted11. itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittoZ

22、honshanBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will12. Ifhemyadvice,hewouldn'thavelosthisjob.A.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow13. noairorwater,therewouldbenolifeintheworld.A.WerethereB.ThereareC.TherewasD.Isthere14. It'shightimethatyourdaughtertoschool.A.wouldbesentB.mustbesentC.shoul

23、dbesentD.issent15. Itisnecessarythattheseexercisebooksassoonaspossible.A.arehandedinB.wouldbehandedinC.willbehandedinD.behandedin16. Mr.Greenrequiresthatthestudentsacompositioneveryotherweek.A.writeB.writtenC.wouldwriteD.willwrite17. ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,IthefirstprizeintheEnglishwritingcomposition.A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewon18. Brownhadintendedtotakeajobinbusiness,butthatplanaftertheunpleasantexperienceinAmericain2011.A.hadabandonedB.hasabandonedC.abandonedD.willabandonIII.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，用括號(hào)中的單詞完成句子。1 .要是他按照醫(yī)生要求的那樣靜靜地躺著，他現(xiàn)在就不那樣受罪了。Ifheh