過去完成時結(jié)構(gòu)與用法

1、精選文檔過去完成時的結(jié)構(gòu)與用法過去完成時(The Past Perfect Tense）：過去完成時表示過去某一時間之前完成的動作或發(fā)生的狀況，句子謂語形式由had+動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成，通常表述為“過去的過去”。在不同的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中有相應(yīng)體現(xiàn)，也可跟有肯定的時間狀語，如by, before等介詞或連詞。1. 過去完成時的結(jié)構(gòu)：1.1 確定句：主語+had+done+othersA. I had arrived.我已經(jīng)到了。B. He had sent the letter.他已經(jīng)寄了這封信。1.2 否定句：主語+had+not+done+othersA. However,Her father h

2、ad not brought her birthday presents.然而，她的父親沒有給她買生日禮物。1.3 疑問句：had+主語+done+others確定回答：YES,主語+had/否定回答：NO,主語+ hadntA. Had Lisa gone to costume ball ?麗莎已經(jīng)去化妝舞會了嗎？Yes,she had.是的，她去了。No,she hadnt.沒有，她沒去。1.4 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+had+主語+done+othersA. Why had The Castle become a memory of generation?為什么電影城堡已經(jīng)成為了一代的記

3、憶？1.5 被動語態(tài)：主語+had（not）been+done+othersA. At the end of last year,another magic design had been completed.在去年低，另一個奇特的設(shè)計已經(jīng)完成。B. There was still doubtful that why the film had not been chased by public.對于這部電影為什么沒有被大眾所追捧照舊存在些懷疑。2. 過去完成時的用法2.1 在賓語從句中的運用：A. To my surprise,Josh told me that he had engaged.

4、令我驚異的是，喬希告知我他已經(jīng)訂婚了。B. Lizzy asked John what the professor had said in class.在課上，利茲問約翰，教授說了什么。（這里“said”的動作在“ask”之前）2.2 在定語從句中的運用:A. Yesterday,  I helped an old man who had lost her way.昨天，我掛念了一個已經(jīng)迷路的老人。（who引導(dǎo)的定語從句）2.3 在以主語+had done, before/by+過去時間狀語詞組/從句中的運用：A.Mr.Wanghad attended the conference

5、and delivered a speech before he visited Yorkshire.王先生在去約克郡之前已經(jīng)出席了會議并發(fā)表演講。（before引導(dǎo)的從句，一般過去時）B. Cappuccino had become a quick seller in Starbucks,by the end of last month.到上個月底為止，卡布奇諾已經(jīng)成為了星巴克的暢銷品。（by引導(dǎo)的時間狀語）2.4 Had done在虛擬語氣中的運用（屬于較特殊狀況）：（1）在虛擬條件句中的運用，此時的意思要依據(jù)語境而定，可以與虛擬語氣一起來歸納。主要表示與過去事實相反的愿望，即與過去事實相

6、反。A. If I I had taken your advice, I would have got a good grade in the exam.假如我聽取了你的建議，我將會在考試中取得好的成果。（had taken表明過去我沒有實行建議）（2）有expect，intend，suppose（假定），hope,think等動詞的過去完成時在句中消滅時，表示未實現(xiàn)的打算，期望，愿望的意味。A.I expect that I had been an intern in that company. 我期望我已經(jīng)是那個公司的一名實習(xí)生。（同樣地，我并不是這個公司的實習(xí)生)（3）在If

7、only（但愿，要是） or wish消滅的虛擬語氣中，同樣也表示與過去事實相反的愿望，想法。A. Honestly,if only I had studied in university.說真的，要是我在高校學(xué)習(xí)多好！（事實上我沒有，與現(xiàn)實相反）B. I wish I had been awarded the prize in the sports meeting.我期望我在運動會上被授予了嘉獎。（事實上獲獎不存在） 2.5 在時間狀語從句中的運用：例如一些引導(dǎo)詞 since, until, no sooner.than, hardly.when, scarcely.when 等，一般可視為 "had done"  消滅的信號,從句常用一般過去時。A.No sooner had Whitney Houston began to sing a song than there was an instant sensation.惠特妮·休斯頓一開頭唱歌，就引起了瞬時的轟動。（留意：這里由于no sooner 否