專業(yè)技術(shù)人員_職稱英語_理工B_歷年真題與答案_2009(無水印)

1、2009年全國職稱英語等級考試真題及答案理工類（B級）第1部分：詞匯選項（第115題，每題1分，共15分）1 Would you please call my husband as soon as possible？ A visit B phone C consult D invite 2 We had a long conversation about her parents. A speech B question C talk D debate 3 The chairman proposed that we stop the meeting. A stated B announced C

2、 demanded D suggested 4 Obviously these people can be relied on in a crisis. A lived on B depended on C believed in D joined in 5 There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a record. A beats B maintains C matches D tries 6 All the pupils seem to be very cheerful. A happy

3、B healthy C naughty D busy 7 The traditional paintings are exhibited on the second floor. A laid B displayed C kept D stored 8 She stood there，shaking with fury. A misery B laughter C anger D cry 9 Mary evidently is the most diligent student among us A intelligent B beautiful C talkative D hardworki

4、ng 10 Persistent attempts to interview Garbo were fruitless. A Forceful B Reasonable C Continuous D Firm 11 Why can't you stop your eternal complaining？ A everlasting B long C temporary D boring 12 Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake. A shaken B damaged C fallen D jumped 13 Thes

5、e paintings are considered by many to be authentic. A faithful B royal C genuine D sincere 14 Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics. A attraction B simplicity C power D rigor 15 Ten years after the event，her death still remains a puzzle A mist B fog C mystery D secret 第2部分：閱

6、讀判斷（第1622題，每題1分，共7分）Radiocarbon Dating Nowadays scientists can answer many questions about the past through a technique called radiocarbon（放射性碳），or carbon-14，dating. One key to understanding how and by something happened is to discover when it happened. Radiocarbon dating was developed in the late 1

7、940s by physicist Willard F. Libby at he University of Chicago. An atom of ordinary carbon，called carbon-12，has six protons（中子）and six neutrons（質(zhì)子）in its nucleus. Carbon-14，or C-14，is a radioactive，unstable form of carbon that has two extra neutrons（原子核）。 It returns to a more stable form of carbon t

8、hrough a process called decay（衰減）。 This process involves the loss of he extra neutrons and energy from the nucleus. In Libby's radiocarbon dating technique，the weak radioactive emissions（放射）from his decay process are counted by instruments such as a radiation detector and counter. he decay rate

9、is used to determine the proportion of C-14 atoms in the sample being dated. Carbon-14 is produced in the Earth's atmosphere when nitrogen（氮）-14，or N-14，interacts with cosmic rays（宇宙射線）。 Scientists believe since the Earth was formed，the mount of nitrogen in the atmosphere has remained constant.

10、Consequently，C-14 formation is thought to occur at a constant rate. Now the ratio of C-14 to other carbon toms in the atmosphere is known. Most scientists agree that this ratio is useful for dating items back to at least 50，000 years. All life on Earth is made of organic molecules（分子）that contain ca

11、rbon atoms coming from the atmosphere. So all living things have about the same ratio of C-14 atoms to other carbon atoms in their tissues（組織）。 Once an organism（有機體）dies it tops taking in carbon in any form，and the C-14 already present begins to decay. Over time the amount of C-14 in the material de

12、creases，and the ratio of C-14 to other carbon toms goes down. In terms of radiocarbon dating，the fewer C-14 atoms in a sample，the older that sample is. 16 Nowadays many scientists depend on radiocarbon for dating age-old objects 17 The radiocarbon dating technique is only about 40 years old 18 An at

13、om of ordinary carbon has six protons and eight neutrons 19 Radar is used to determine the characteristics of radiocarbon 20 Radiocarbon is reliable in dating an object back to at least 50，000 years. 21 The C-14 in an organism begins to decay when it dies 22 The half-life of C-14 is about 25，000 yea

14、rs. Chimpanzees 1 Chimpanzees（黑猩猩）will soon be extinct（滅絕）。 If the present rate of hunting and habitat（棲息地）destruction continues，then within 20 years，there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy（悲劇）。 Chimpanzee extinction may also have prof

15、ound implications（含意）for the survival of their distant relatives - human beings. 2 In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes（基因組）match by over 98%. Compare this to the mouse，used as model for human disease in lab tests，which shares only

16、 60% of its DNA with us. In fact，chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other species of monkey. As well as resembling us genetically，chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools. These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent priority（優(yōu)先）。

17、But there is another，more selfish reason to preserve the chimp. 3 The chimpanzees' trump card（王牌）comes in the field of medical research. Chimpanzees are so similar to humans that veterinarians（獸醫(yī)）often refer to human medical textbooks when treating them. Yet chimpanzees do show differences in se

18、veral key areas. In particular，chimps are much more resistant to a number of major diseases. It is this ability that is so interesting. 4 For example，chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV，the virus that causes AIDS. Indeed，their use as experimental animals in AIDS research

19、has declined because they are so resistant. 5 By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing（找到）the place where the chimpanzee DNA sequence differs from that of humans，scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. This

20、，they hope，will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the alteration（改變）of the human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequencing project has shown that such

21、 an effort is now well within our reach. 23 Paragraph 1 24 Paragraph 2 25 Paragraph 3 26 Paragraph 4 A Reasons for HIV resistance B Implications of chimpanzee extinction for humans C Effective AIDS treatment D Genetic similarities between chimps and humans E Chimps' resistance to HIV F Genetic d

22、ifferences between chimps and humans 27 Chimpanzee extinction may affect 28 There is a difference of less than 2% between the chimp and 29 Scientists suspect that genes.PlaY a significant role in protecting chimps from getting 30 The discovery of the genetic code of chimps will be helpful to A some

23、human disease treatments B some diseases C human survival D human genomes E key areas F healthier lifestyle 第一篇 Water The second most important constituent（構(gòu)成成份）of the biosphere（生物圈）is liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures，since water freezes at 0 and boils at 100。

24、 Life as we know it would only be possible on the surface of a planet which had temperatures somewhere within this narrow range. The earth's supply of water probably remains fairly constant in quantity. The total quantity of water is not known very accurately，but it is about enough to cover the

25、surface of the globe to a depth of about two and three-quarter kilometers. Most of it is in the form of the salt water of the oceans - about 97 per cent. The rest is fresh，but three-quarters of this is in the form of ice at the Poles and on mountains，and cannot be used by living systems until melted

26、. Of the remaining fractional which is somewhat less than one per cent of the whole，there is 10-20 times as much stored underground water as there is actually on the surface. There is also a tiny，but extremely important fraction of the water supply which is present as water vapor in the atmosphere.

27、Water vapor in the atmosphere is the channel through which the whole water circulation（循環(huán)）of the biosphere has to pass. Water evaporated（蒸發(fā)）from the surface of the oceans，from lakes and rivers and from moist（潮濕的）earth is added to it. From it the water comes out again as rain or snow，falling on eithe

28、r the sea or the land. There is，as might be expected，a more intensive evaporation per unit area over the sea and oceans than over the land，but there is more rainfall over the land than over the oceans，and the balance is restored by the runoff from the land in the form of rivers. 31 Liquid water only

29、 exists A in the center of the earth. B on the surface of our planet. C in a very narrow range of temperatures. D in the coastal areas of the earth. 32 The total quantity of water on Earth A remains almost unchanged. B has greatly increased in recent years. C is decreasing constantly. D is affected

30、by global warming. 33 Most of the fresh water on Earth A is stored underground. B is in the form of ice at the Poles and on mountains. C is found in rivers and lakes. D comes from the rain. 34 The word “fraction” in the second paragraph means A a very small amount. B a large area. C an important sys

31、tem. D a major source of information 35 There is more of rainfall A over the mountains than over the rivers. B over the rivers than over the mountains C over the oceans than over the land. D over the land than over the oceans. 第二篇 Mind-reading Machine A team of researchers in California has develope

32、d a way to predict what kinds of objects people are looking at by scanning（掃描）what's happening in their brains. When you look at something，your eyes send a signal about that object to your brain. Different regions of the brain process the information your eyes send. Cells in your brain called ne

33、urons（神經(jīng)元）are responsible for this processing. The fMRI（functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging）（功能性磁振造影）brain scans could generally match electrical activity in the brain to the basic shape of a picture that someone was looking at. Like cells anywhere else in your body，active neurons use oxygen. Bloo

34、d brings oxygen to the neurons，and the more active a neuron is，the more oxygen it will consume. The more active a region of the brain，the more active its neurons，and in turn，the more blood will travel to that region. And by using fMRI，scientists can visualize（使顯現(xiàn)）which parts of the brain receive mor

35、e oxygen-rich blood - and therefore，which parts are working to process information. An fMRI machine is a device that scans the brain and measures changes in blood flow to the brain. The technology shows researchers how brain activity changes when a person thinks，looks at something，or carries out an

36、activity like speaking or reading. By highlighting the areas of the brain at work when a person looks at different images，fMRI may help scientists determine specific patterns of brain activity associated with different kinds of images. The California researchers tested brain activity by having two v

37、olunteers view hundreds of pictures of everyday objects，like people，animals，and fruits. The scientists used an fMRI machine to record the volunteers' brain activity with each photograph they looked at. Different objects caused different regions of the volunteers' brains to light up on the sc

38、an，indicating activity. The scientists used this information to build a model to predict how the brain might respond to any image the eyes see. In a second test，the scientists asked the volunteers to look at 120 new pictures. Like before，their brains were scanned every time they looked at a new imag

39、e. This time，the scientists used their model to match the fMRI scans to the image. For example，if a scan in the second test showed the same pattern of brain activity that was strongly related to pictures of apples in the first test，their model would have predicted the volunteers were looking at appl

40、es. 36 What is responsible for processing the information sent by your eyes？ A The magnetic system in the brain. B The central part of the heart. C Oxygen-rich blood. D Neurons in the brain. 37 The function of an fMRI machine is A to show how neutrons take in oxygen-rich blood. B to measure how dens

41、e the blood is in the brain. C to record how much oxygen the brain consumes. D to identify which parts of the brain are processing information 38 The expression “highlighting the areas of the brain at work' in paragraph 5 means A giving light to the parts of the brain that are processing informa

42、tion. B marking the parts of the brain that are processing information. C putting the parts of the brain to work. D preventing the parts of the brain from working. 39 The researchers experimented on A animals and objectsB fMRI machines. C two volunteers. D thousands of pictures. 40 Which of the foll

43、owing can best replace the title of the passage？ A Recent Development in Science and Technology. B Your Thoughts Can Be Scanned. C A Technological Dream. D An Intelligent Robot. 第三篇 Youth Emancipation in Spain The Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with th

44、eir parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest. Around 55 percent of people aged 18-34 in Spain still sleep in their parents' homes，says the latest report from the country's state-run Institute of Youth. To coax（勸誘）young people from their homes，the Institute started a “Youth Ema

45、ncipation（解放）“ program this month. The program offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs. Economists blame young people's family dependence on the precarious（不穩(wěn)定的）labor market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 2000. Cultural reasons also contribute

46、to the problem，say sociologists（社會學(xué)家）。 Family ties in south Europe - Italy，Portugal and Greece - are stronger than those in middle and north Europe，said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report “The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth： Key for Understanding”。 “In general，young people

47、 in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private life is organized，” said Minguez. In Spain - especially in the countryside，it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts，uncles，cousins，nieces and nephews（外侄/侄子）all living on the same street. They regularly get to

48、gether for Sunday dinner. Parents' tolerance is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules. “A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain he'll put up a fight and call the father a fascist，” said Jose Antonio G6m

49、ez Yanez，a sociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid. Mothers' willingness to do children's household chores（家務(wù)）worsens the problem. Dionisio Masso，a 60-year-old in Madrid，has three children in their 20s. The eldest，28，has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good. “His mum does

50、 the wash and cooks for him； in the end，he lives well，” Masso said. 41 The “Youth Emancipation” program aims at helping young people A fight for freedom. B live in an independent way. C fight against social injustice. D get rid of family responsibilities. 42 It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that

51、family ties are stronger in Portugal than in A Finland. B Greece. C Spain. D Italy. 43 Young people's family dependence can be attributed to all the following factors EXCEPT A parents' tolerance. B housing problems. C cultural traditions. D unwillingness to get married. 44 Which of the follo

52、wing statements is NOT true of Dionisio Masso？ A She is 60 years old. B She has a boyfriend. C She has three children. D She lives in Madrid. 45 The phrase “wary of” in paragraph 8 could be best replaced by A tired of. B afraid of. C cautious about. D worried about. Reduce Packaging Pressure increas

53、ed recently on British supermarkets and retailers to reduce packaging as part of an anti-waste campaign.（46）Britain generates 4.6 million tons of household waste every year by packaging. Dozens of people have expressed anger at the excess of plastic wrapping. Campaigners have called on Britain to le

54、arn from other European countries.（47）When returned bottles are put in a vending machine（自動售貨機），the deposit is refunded. Environmentalists warn that Britain lags behind in this. There were reports of growing unease among consumers over the amount of packaging they have to deal with. Trade standards

55、officers also object to excessive packaging.（48）In response to a campaign by Britain's The Independent newspaper，leading supermarkets have pointed to various initiatives to win the public confidence.（49）But campaigners said retailers and the government could learn much from anti-waste practices

56、on the Continent. In Sweden，non-recyclable batteries have been taxed since 1991 to encourage a switch to alternatives.（50）In Germany，plastic bags are unheard of in supermarkets and deposits are paid for reusable plastic and glass beverage bottles. A In Belgium，when you buy something in a plastic or

57、glass container，you make a deposit. B because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying. C This has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales. D Tesco said it was saving 112，000 tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crates（裝貨箱）for transporting

58、its fresh produce. E The campaign was initiated by The Independent newspaper. F If a product is over-packaged，don't buy it. Taking a Nap during the Day Medical experts say most Americans do not get enough sleep. They say more Americans need to（51）for a short period in the middle of the day. They are ad