高考英語七選五21張

1、一、考綱解讀二、命題趨勢規(guī)律三、解題步驟四、解題策略五、小結一、考綱解讀一、考綱解讀 隨著高考改革的不斷深化，英語試題中越來越突出語用能力的考查。英語新課程標準提出要“提高學生用英語獲取信息、處理信息、分析問題和解決問題的能力”?？荚囌f明對該題型命題目的的表述為“主要考查考生對文章的整體內容和結構以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。”近年來，更多的省份增加了七選五的試題類型。七選五這一題型對閱讀理解提出了更高層次的要求，不僅要有閱讀速度, 還要對所讀文章的主旨要義、具體信息要有所了解，能夠把握文章的寫作結構和脈絡層次，對學生的邏輯思維能力及綜合運用語言的能力提出了全新的挑戰(zhàn)。二、命題趨勢規(guī)律三、解

2、題步驟通讀全文，理解大意瀏覽選項，初選答案詳細閱讀，確定答案對比分析，排除干擾重讀全文，驗證答案四、解題策略 七選五閱讀填空不僅要求我們對所讀短文的主旨要義、具體信息有所了解，更要能夠把握全篇文脈和作者的謀篇思路。故此，所選材料通常是我們所熟悉的大眾化話題，一般多為說明文，偶現(xiàn)議論文和記敘文。短文不會少于三個自然段，不會在同一個自然段設兩個以上的空白。文章的第一句不會設空(有小標題的題除外)。所留空白處一般是段落主題句、段落總結句、承上啟下句、關鍵論點支撐句或全篇概括歸納句等。所給的七個選項中有兩個選項與正確選項干擾性較大。一般如果能確定其中一個，另一個也基本可以排除了。因此，我一般從三個方面

3、來分析和歸納突破七選五題型的有效途徑：段首挖空類、段中挖空類和段尾挖空類。1、段首挖空類、段首挖空類該題型通?？梢苑譃閮煞N情況：A、小標題或段落主題句。閱讀后文內容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關的詞，推斷出主題句。(2016全國) _2_ Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water

4、and fewer fertilizers(肥料)_3_However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years. AKnow why you garden BFind a good place for your own garden 2A本題考查段落主題句。根據(jù)后面的there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you w

5、ant to garden可知，這一部分主要說明的是首先要弄清楚從事園藝的原因。故A項與之相符。 (2015新課標全國) Building Trust in a Relationship Again _3_ Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your wellbeing. _4_ If youve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circums

6、tance. But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”At some point in all of our lives，well have our trust tested or violated. ALearn to really trust yourself. BIt is putting confidence in someone. CStop regarding yourself as the victim. DRemember that you can ex

7、pect the best in return.ACB、非小標題類 可能是與后文是并列、轉折、因果等關系或者段落間的過渡句。閱讀后文第一、二句，鎖定線索信號詞，在選項中查找相關特征詞。通常正確答案的最后一句與空白后的第一句之間是緊密銜接的，要注意它們之間的銜接手段，如時間年代的前后對應等。要瞻前顧后找關系，即閱讀上一段結尾部分，通常正確答案與上一段結尾有機地銜接起來，并結合下一段內容，看所選的答案是否將兩段內容連貫起來。 There are three main types of cryptography._2_ For example, the first letters of “My el

8、ephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.” _3_You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Lets number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “135520135.” EYou can hide a m

9、essage by having the first letters of each word spell it out. GAnother way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 3G考查運用語境進行推斷的能力。前文已經(jīng)介紹了一種設置密碼的方式，這里又介紹了另一種。故選G。G項中的another也是解題的關鍵標志詞。 2、段中挖空類（考查最多） 該題型是指在文章或段落的中間挖空，所挖掉的句子通常在語境和邏輯兩方面和上下文有密切的關系，所以確定正確選項的方法是所

10、選擇的選項應該在語境方面和原文中的相關空白能夠無縫銜接。因此我們在解題過程中，要特別注意以下幾點： 詞匯復現(xiàn)。復現(xiàn)是保證文章前后銜接而經(jīng)常使用的一種寫作手段。作者在文章中會對同一個概念重復描述，從而使得同樣的意思在文章不同的地方重復出現(xiàn)。詞匯復現(xiàn)通常有同義詞復現(xiàn)、近義詞復現(xiàn)、反義詞復現(xiàn)等。 (2014新課標全國) 1Curiosity Your children need to be deeply curious._2_ Ask kids，“What ingredients (配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time

11、？”and then try them out. Did those ingredients make the pancakes better？What could we try next time? 2Creativity True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it._3_ There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to cre

12、ate something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity. AEncourage kids to cook with you. CWe can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.代詞。在詳讀文章和選項的過程中，一定要注意句子中出現(xiàn)的人稱代詞或者指示代詞，特別是選項中以及空格附近句子中出現(xiàn)的代詞。根據(jù)代詞的單復數(shù)和其在句子中所作的成分，我們可以找出代詞指代的名詞或者句子，從而幫助我們解題。 (2014新課標全國) Being

13、able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions._4_“Why do you think shes crying？”“Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face？”“If someone were to do that to you，how would you feel？” FWe can do this in real life or ask questions about char

14、acters in stories.4F根據(jù)下文“Why do you think.？”和“Can you tell how.？”以及“If someone were.？”可知這里是問孩子怎樣判斷人的情感，所以上文應該是我們在真實生活中以及在聽故事時要問這樣的問題。故選F。語篇標記語。語篇標記語是指語篇中各種邏輯連接關系并對語篇連貫起指示作用的詞語。語篇標記語可以是表示時間順序的first，then，next等；表達作者組織語篇方式的for example，in other words，in short等。語篇標記語不僅能表達相鄰句子之間的關系，還能表明某一特定語篇的總體走向。因此，對語篇標記

15、語了解得越多，就越可以更好地理解文章的結構和要表達的內容。(2015新課標全國) Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs._1_，buy the bestfitting，bestbuilt running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have t

16、o rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to doublecheck the fit._2_As always，you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries. During the first week，do not think about dist

17、ance，but run five minutes longer each day._3_，it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run._4_After two weeks，start timing yourself._5_Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter，you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks

18、 before the race. AAfter six days BFor a good marathon runner CBefore you begin your training DWith each day，increase the distance by a half mile EIf they still feel good，you can begin running in them FTime spent for preparation raises the quality of training GNow you are ready to figure out a goal

19、of improving distance and timeCEADG 空前空后看行文邏輯。一篇文章的句與句之間必然有一定的邏輯關聯(lián)，如果我們把其中一句抽掉，必然會影響其邏輯意義的順暢發(fā)展。比如說空前空后的兩句討論的不是同一個主題，那么空格處所在的句子一般會起轉折、改變話題等作用。因此需要注意前后句是否存在并列、轉折、因果及遞進等關系。 【典例】(2016全國) _5_However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently. AIt is very har

20、d to break a code without the code book. 【典例】(2013新課標全國)One is the establishment (制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting._4_ The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments.E. The

21、 second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.解析根據(jù)上文所提到的one和下文所提到的the third可知，這里是按照順序排列，此處應該是第二條，與E項The second aspect.相呼應。答案E 3、段尾挖空類、段尾挖空類 該題型通常有五種情況：1.通常是結論、概括性語句。注意在選項中查找表示結果、結論等的信號詞，或前文的同義詞句。2.與前文是轉折或對比關系。注意在選項中查找表示此類關系的關聯(lián)詞，并對比前文，在內容和主題上是否存在這類關系。3.與前文是并列或排比關系。正確答案中會出現(xiàn)表示并列或遞進關系的關聯(lián)詞或與前文類似的句式結構，或出現(xiàn)同義詞等。4.所選答案是引出下一段的內容。如果選項中找不出與前文的關聯(lián)，可考慮與下一段開頭是否有緊密連接。5.如果第一段的段尾是空白，要確認是否是主題句。通常文章第一段會點明文章的主題句，如果是在段尾，會用一些信號詞如轉折詞引出來。 (2014新課標全國) 1Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when Im already hungry and theres nothing ready to eat. So