公開課名詞性從句復(fù)習(xí)高二英語(1)

1、名詞性從句是復(fù)合句的一種，前幾年高考主要考查賓語從句中用名詞性從句是復(fù)合句的一種，前幾年高考主要考查賓語從句中用陳述語序以及連接詞的選擇等問題；近幾年對(duì)名詞性從句的考查陳述語序以及連接詞的選擇等問題；近幾年對(duì)名詞性從句的考查趨于復(fù)雜靈活，往往把它與定語從句和狀語從句的知識(shí)點(diǎn)放在一趨于復(fù)雜靈活，往往把它與定語從句和狀語從句的知識(shí)點(diǎn)放在一起考查，對(duì)名詞性從句的考查主要有語序問題、時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)問題起考查，對(duì)名詞性從句的考查主要有語序問題、時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)問題和連接詞的選擇。和連接詞的選擇。20092009年全國卷及地方卷對(duì)名詞性從句的考查占年全國卷及地方卷對(duì)名詞性從句的考查占了較大比例，了較大比例，有有18

2、18道考查到該部分道考查到該部分，20102010年考查的比例更大，有年考查的比例更大，有2020道題考查了名詞性從句的用法道題考查了名詞性從句的用法，可見對(duì)名詞性從句的重視程度。，可見對(duì)名詞性從句的重視程度。筆者認(rèn)為，在單項(xiàng)選擇題中，近幾年題干語境越來越豐富，句子筆者認(rèn)為，在單項(xiàng)選擇題中，近幾年題干語境越來越豐富，句子結(jié)構(gòu)也越來越復(fù)雜，其中名詞性從句所引起的句子結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜化結(jié)構(gòu)也越來越復(fù)雜，其中名詞性從句所引起的句子結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜化占了較大比例，命題人占了較大比例，命題人側(cè)重于對(duì)復(fù)雜句子結(jié)構(gòu)的考查側(cè)重于對(duì)復(fù)雜句子結(jié)構(gòu)的考查，是因?yàn)槟埽且驗(yàn)槟芊穹治鰪?fù)雜句子結(jié)構(gòu)是掌握英語語言的重要能力之一，所以我

3、們否分析復(fù)雜句子結(jié)構(gòu)是掌握英語語言的重要能力之一，所以我們可以斷言，可以斷言，以后的高考題對(duì)名詞性從句的考查還會(huì)倍加青睞以后的高考題對(duì)名詞性從句的考查還會(huì)倍加青睞 1.Whether he will come here or not is unimportant to me. 2.I dont know what he means. 3.That was because he was ill. 4.The news that he got killed in the race surprised us all. （主語從句）（主語從句） （賓語從句）（賓語從句） （表語從句）（表語從句） 同位

4、語從句同位語從句 在句中起名詞詞作用的從句叫名詞詞性從句，它包括主語語從句、賓語賓語從句、表語語從句和同位語語從句 名詞性從句名詞性從句謂語動(dòng)詞/介詞 名 詞When we shall hold the meeting depends on whether John can return tomorrow. 系動(dòng)詞The problem is when John will come back.We expressed our hope that we could visit the country again. 看看從句從句中缺少什么成分，根據(jù)意思選擇適當(dāng)中缺少什么成分，根據(jù)意思選擇適當(dāng)連接詞

5、語；如不缺成分且句意完整，則選用連接詞語；如不缺成分且句意完整，則選用that.一找二查三選：從句從句：缺少什么成分缺少什么成分：意思適合的連接詞意思適合的連接詞連詞選擇總原則：連詞選擇總原則： 1.that引導(dǎo)的從句如果作介詞賓語只可用在except，in，but，besides等少數(shù)介詞后。如： I could say nothing but that Im sorry. 2.that引導(dǎo)的從句可作it的同位語從句。如： You may depend upon it that all the goods will be delivered in time. 3.that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)可省略

6、；引導(dǎo)其他名詞性從句時(shí)，一般不省略，特別是引導(dǎo)主語從句且位于句首時(shí)。如： That the earth is round is true.The fact that he is a thief got around. 注意：下面一句中，第一個(gè)that可省略，第二個(gè)that不可省略： He said（that） he had been working here for ten years and that he wanted to go home.3.whether與if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的區(qū)別。 1）在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)whether與if可互換，但如果和or not連用則只用whether。如：

7、I dont know whether or not he can stay here longer. （2）如果賓語從句是否定結(jié)構(gòu)，則用if而不用whether引導(dǎo)。如： He asked me if I wasnt going there. （3）介詞賓語從句只能用whether引導(dǎo)。如： Im not interested in whether he is rich. （4）引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句或同位語從句一般多用whether。如： The question is whether you can do it yourself. The question whether he will

8、 come here himself isnt decided yet. Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen. （5）用it作形式主語時(shí)，whether或if都可以引導(dǎo)主語從句。如： It is not clear to me whether/if he likes the present.4.主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況（1）if引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。（2）It is said/reported.結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。如：It is said that President Jiang will visi

9、t our school next week.（rightThat President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.（wrong）（3）It happens.，It occurs.結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。如：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.（right）That he failed in the examination occurred to him.（wrong）（4）It doesnt matter how/whether.結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。如

10、：It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.（right）Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.（wrong）（5）含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時(shí)，主語從句不可提前。如：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?（right）Is that will rain in the evening likely?（wrong） 主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句，主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前或由形式

11、主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 it 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)也可用who/whom。如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.你沒去看那場電影真是遺憾。 It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.你成功與否對(duì)我沒有什么吸引力。2.用it 作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu) 1)It is 名詞從句 It is a f

12、act that .事實(shí)是 It is an honor that.非常榮幸 It is common knowledge that.是常識(shí) 2)it is 形容詞從句 It is natural that.很自然 It is strange that.奇怪的是 3)it is 不及物動(dòng)詞從句 It seems that.似乎 It happened that.碰巧 4)it 過去分詞從句 It is reported that.據(jù)報(bào)道 It has been proved that.已證實(shí) 4.what 與that 在引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別what 引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語、

13、賓語、表語，而that 則不然。如：What you said yesterday is right. 你昨天說的是對(duì)的。 賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞（及物動(dòng)詞）或介詞之后。 1)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（that 通?？梢允÷裕?如：I heard that he joined the army. 我聽說他參軍了。 2)由what，whether (if)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，如： She did not know what had happened. 她不知道發(fā)生了什么事。 3)動(dòng)詞間接賓語賓語從句。如： She told me that she would

14、accept my invitation. 她跟我說她愿意接受我的邀請(qǐng)。 2.作介詞的賓語，如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我們的成功取決于我們的合作情況 3.作形容詞的賓語，如： I am afraid (that)Ive made a mistake. 我恐怕是犯錯(cuò)了。 that 引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語： anxious，aware，certain，confident，convinced，determined，glad，proud，surprised，worried，

15、sorry，thankful，ashamed，disappointed，annoyed，pleased，hurt，satisfied，content 等。也可以將此類詞后的that 從句看作原因狀語從句。 4.it 可以作為形式賓語 it 不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而把真正的賓語that 從句放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。如： We heard it that she would get married next month. 我們聽說她打算下個(gè)月結(jié)婚。5.后邊不能直接跟that從句的動(dòng)詞這類動(dòng)詞有allow，refuse，let，like，cause，force，adm

16、ire，condemn，celebrate，dislike，love，help，take，forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：我非常羨慕他們贏得了比賽的勝利。 I admire their winning the match.(right)I admire that they won the match.(wrong)6.不可用that從句作直接賓語的動(dòng)詞有些動(dòng)詞不可用于“動(dòng)詞間接賓語that從句“結(jié)構(gòu)中，常見的有envy，order，accuse，refuse，impress，forgive，blame，denounce，advise，

17、congratulate等。如：作為一個(gè)誠實(shí)的人，他給經(jīng)理留下了很深的印象。He impressed the manager as an honest man.(right)He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.(wrong)7.否定的轉(zhuǎn)移若主句謂語動(dòng)詞為think，consider，suppose，believe，expect，fancy，guess，imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。如：I dont think this dress fits you well.（

18、我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。） 三、表語從句三、表語從句 表語從句是在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動(dòng)詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語連系動(dòng)詞表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be，look，remain，seem等。另外，常用的還有The reason is that. 和It is because 等結(jié)構(gòu)。如： The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. 問題是我們能否在那么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)作好充分的準(zhǔn)備。 This is why we cant get the support of the

19、people. 這就是我們?yōu)槭裁吹貌坏饺嗣裰С值脑颉?s meeting was put off.他從瑪麗那里得知運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)要延期舉行。四、同位語從句四、同位語從句同位語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。1.同位語從句的功能同位語從句對(duì)名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)。如：The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.國王作出的這名囚犯釋放的決定讓人們大吃一驚。2.同位語在句子中的位置同位語從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。如

20、：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.他從瑪麗那里得知運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)要延期舉行。3.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別1)定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)在從句中作某個(gè)成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。2)定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞加以限定，描述它的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。如：The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next y

21、ear.他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。（第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分） Who will be the winner?Part A: Have a try: Choose a proper conjunction.Part A: Have a try: Choose a proper conjunction.1. _ has been announced is that we must hand i

22、n our graduation papers before the end of June.What2. _ he always serves the people is well-known.3. _ the English evening will be held, on Monday or Tuesday, has not yet been decided. 4. I want to know _ he has told you.5. Everything depends on _ we have money.6. That is _ he didnt come to the meet

23、ing.7. The news _ we won the game was exciting.ThatWhenwhatwhetherwhythatthat / what1. _ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3. The result is _ we won the game.4. This is _ we want to know.5. I dont know _ will happen next.6. He is no longer _he used to be.7. I have no doubt _ yo

24、u will succeed.WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthat1.名詞性從句連接詞的選用名詞性從句連接詞的選用(1) that 和和what 的選用的選用that 和和 what 都可引導(dǎo)所有的名詞性都可引導(dǎo)所有的名詞性從句。但是，從句。但是，_除起連接作用外，除起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)成分，可作從還在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)成分，可作從句的句的_、_、或、或_。而。而_在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起分，只起_作用。作用。what主語主語賓語賓語表語表語that總結(jié)連接連接1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2

25、. _ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.6. The question is _ he should do it.7. The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8. I hav

26、ent decided _ to go there.if / whetherWhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhethera. _、_、_ 從句。從句。b. _詞后的賓語從句。詞后的賓語從句。d. 與與 _連在一起引導(dǎo)賓語從連在一起引導(dǎo)賓語從句。句。c. 后面直接跟后面直接跟_當(dāng)賓語。當(dāng)賓語。 2.不能使用不能使用if 的情況的情況:總結(jié)：主語主語表語表語同位語同位語介介or not動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式 2.(2010高考英語上海秋季卷,36)One reason for her preference for city life is _ s

27、he can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. A. that B. how C. what D. why 【答案】A 【解析】此處考查的是同位語從句。考察that引導(dǎo)同位語從句的用法。此處that不可以省略。 3.(2010高考英語重慶卷,25)To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions _had used the products. A. whateverB. whoC. whichever D. which4.(2010高考英語

28、浙江卷,9)It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. Athat Bwhat Chow Dwhether【答案】B【解析】考查名詞性從句。此處是由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，指代It的具體內(nèi)容，It是形式主語，所以這里選B項(xiàng)。5.(2010高考英語浙江卷,1)How about camping this weekend, just for a change?OK, _ you want. Awhichever Bho

29、wever CwhateverDwhoever【答案】C【解析】本題考查引導(dǎo)詞和交際用語。句意：“這個(gè)周末野營怎么樣，來點(diǎn)新鮮的？”“好啊，按你的意思吧！”查情景交際。周末野營怎么樣，換換口味?好的，你想干啥咱就干啥。此處whatever表示”無論什么”，作want的賓語。選C項(xiàng)。 6.(2010高考英語天津卷,14)As a new graduate, he doesnt know _ it takes to start a business here. A. how B. what C. When D. which 【答案】B 【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意為：“作為新畢業(yè)生，他不知道如何才

30、能在這兒開創(chuàng)事業(yè)?！辟e語從句暗含it takesto do sth句型，因此應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)賓語從句并充當(dāng)從句中的賓語。 7.(2010高考英語四川卷,14)How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with，whether his friends or relatives Awhat Bwho Chow Dwhy8.(2010高考英語上海春季卷,38)There is no obvious evidence _ there is life on any other planet in the sol

31、ar system.Awhich Bthat Chow Dwhere【答案】B【解析】名詞性從句。此處是that引導(dǎo)同位語從句對(duì)evidenc進(jìn)行具體的說明。語意：沒有明顯的證據(jù)表明在太陽系能其他行星上有生命存在。據(jù)此選B項(xiàng)。9.(2010高考英語上海春季卷,33)Tina was hesitation about the job offer as she did not know _ the company was an established one.來源:Zxxk.ComAwhether Bwhat Cuntil Dalthough【答案】A【解析】名詞性從句。語意：。Fina對(duì)所提供的

32、工作正在猶豫中，因?yàn)樗恢肋@家公司是不是一家地位穩(wěn)固的公司。此處whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作know的賓語。 10.(2010高考英語陜西卷,18)It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. A. which B. what C. that D. if 【答案】C 【解析】考查固定句型。我從來沒有想到你能成功地說服他改變主意。It occurs to sb that的意思為“某人突然想到”其中that引導(dǎo)主語從句，it為形式主語，指代that從句的具體內(nèi)容。 11.(20

33、10高考英語山東卷,25)Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season. A. why B. what C. how D. which12.(2010高考英語遼寧卷,34)Its no use having ideas only . Dont worry. Peter can show you _to turn an idea into an act.A. how B. who C. what D. where【答案】A【解析】句A考查“疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”代替名詞性從句。分

34、析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是”疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”代替賓語從句。語意為：Peter可以向你展示如何把點(diǎn)子變?yōu)樾袆?dòng)。連接詞how表示“如何”，合乎語意。13.(2010高考英語江蘇卷,35)-I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.-Thats_I dont agree .You should have a more active life.A.where B.how C.when D.what 14.(2010高考英語湖南卷,35)Cindy shut the door heavily and bur

35、st into tears. No one in the office knew _ she was so angry. A. where B. whether C. that D. why 【答案】D 【解析】考查名詞性從句。該空引導(dǎo)賓語從句，根據(jù)句意“辦公室中沒人知道她為什么如此生氣”可判斷選D項(xiàng)。 15.(2010高考英語福建卷,35)We should respect food and think about the people who dont have _ we have here and treat food nicely. A. that B. which C. what D

36、. whether來源:Z.xx.k.Com16.(2010高考英語福建卷,29)Teachers recommend parents _ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustnt allow D. couldnt allow【答案】 A【解析】考查賓語從句。句意為：“教師們建議：為了孩子的安全，父母不應(yīng)讓12歲以下的孩子騎自行車人去學(xué)校?！边@里是recommend引起的賓語 從句，且從句謂語動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形的形式，shou

37、ld可以省略。故選A項(xiàng)。17.(2010高考英語大綱全國I卷,33)We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. A. that B. which C. what D. where案為D 【答案】 D【解析】考查名詞性從句。題干中We havent discussed yet后為賓語從句，從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，因此空白處應(yīng)填where，故答。18.(2010高考英語北京卷,33) _some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many other

38、s.A. Whether B. What C. That D. How【答案】 B【解析】考察名詞性從句。句意為：“有人認(rèn)為是缺點(diǎn)，可在別人認(rèn)為可能就是優(yōu)點(diǎn)?！狈治鼍渥映煞挚芍癬 some people regard as a drawback”是主語從句，在此主語從句中動(dòng)詞regard后缺少賓語，故用what來引導(dǎo)。19.(2010高考英語北京卷,32)Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his ow

39、n life.A. what B. that C. why D. whether【答案】 B【解析】考察名詞性從句。句意為：“Charles Dickens喜歡他自己的小說David Copperfield，部分原因是因?yàn)檫@很大程度上是他自己生活的一個(gè)模式?！狈治鼍渥映煞挚芍癬 it was rather closely modeled on his own life.”是表語從句，在此表語從句中不缺少任何成分，故用that連接。 例例1.One day, he came up with an idea 35._he would pluck up all of his crop a few

40、 inches. （2008年廣東）年廣東）例例2.I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32. _should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house. (2007廣東廣東)thatwho3.Historically ,it was famous for industry ,which explains16._the area is called the black country. (2011年廣州一模）

41、年廣州一模）4. Hic ! Youve just hiccupped（打嗝）（打嗝） for the tenth time since you finished dinner. Wonder 16._these funny noises are coming from? (2011年廣州二模）年廣州二模）whywhere語法填空語法填空（連詞專練）（連詞專練） Whether Native Americans arrived in Californian 15,000 years ago or 14,000 years ago is not important. Exactly when t

42、he first people arrived in 1._ we now know as California, no one really knows . The fact 2._ they arrived a long time before Europeans is what matters. I believe 3._the Native Americans were treated badly 4._ the first Europeans came. However , it is likely 5._ Native Americans were living in Califo

43、rnia at least 15,000 years ago. what that that whenthat Scientists believe 6._these settles crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to American by means of a bridge 7._ existed in prehistoric times. Whats more, 8._attracts people to Californian is its pleasant climate and relaxed lifestyle. This is

44、9._each year a great number of people from all over try to immigrate to Californian. However, most applications know 10._they have little chance of getting a visa. what why that that which The survey _ while 48% of the boys favor sports stars.1.調(diào)查表明一半的女孩選擇電影或者電視明星調(diào)查表明一半的女孩選擇電影或者電視明星作為他們的偶像作為他們的偶像(id

45、ols)，而，而48%的男孩支持的男孩支持喜歡體育明星。（喜歡體育明星。（07基礎(chǔ)寫作）基礎(chǔ)寫作）Object Clause shows that half of the girls choose film or TV stars as their idols, 2.他也指出導(dǎo)致近視他也指出導(dǎo)致近視（ short-sightedness）的原因是如此的復(fù)雜的原因是如此的復(fù)雜,到目前為止沒有哪一到目前為止沒有哪一種藥物能治愈近視種藥物能治愈近視 。（。（09基礎(chǔ)寫作）基礎(chǔ)寫作） What he also pointed out is _ and that up till now no medic

46、ine can cure short-sightedness. that the causes for short-sightedness are so complicatedPredicative Clause_and its of great help to our eye health to participate in more outdoor activities 3.建議建議: 我們學(xué)生不要過度用眼；多參加戶我們學(xué)生不要過度用眼；多參加戶外活動(dòng)。（外活動(dòng)。（ 09基礎(chǔ)寫作）基礎(chǔ)寫作） Subject ClauseIt is suggested that we students not overuse our eyesMeanwhile another tip from the experts _.4.同時(shí)，專家的另外一個(gè)建議是這個(gè)問題寫同時(shí)，專家的另外一個(gè)建議是這個(gè)問題寫作時(shí)如何握筆有關(guān)作