2020高考英語語法專題復習之非謂語

1、人教版高考英語語法專題非謂語定義： 不作謂語的特殊動詞形式， 包括 to do; doing; done 三種形式。?怎么理解這個概念呢？請指出下列句子的謂語動詞和非謂語動詞：1. Work hard and you surely will be admitted by Xiamen University.2. I saw a teenager watering at the sight of a celebrity.（名人）3. I saw a teenager bitten by a dog.4. I asked the teenager to watch over my baggage.

2、5. I made full use of my free time to learn English.非謂語動詞具體形式表達的含義to do主動；進行doing被動；完成done主動；將來；目的to do不定式講解不定式是由不定式符號to+動詞原形構(gòu)成，在某些，f#況下to也可省略。不定式一般有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，通常有下表中的幾種形式（以do為例）：主動式被動式一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done進行式to be doing/完成進行式to have been doing/1. 不定式的一般式不定式的一般式所表示的動作通常與主要

3、謂語的動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生。如：They invited us to go there this summer.He stood aside for me to pass.2. 不定式的完成式不定式的完成式所表示的動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，它在句中可作表語、狀語、賓語，有時也可作主語、定語等。如：I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country.The storm is said to have

4、 caused a lot of damage.3. 不定式的進行式不定式的進行式表示正在進行的與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生的動作。它在句中可以用作除謂語以外的所有成分。如：He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully.We didn t expect you to be waiting for us here.4. 不定式的完成進行式如果不定式表示的動作是謂語所表示時間之前一直進行的動作，就需要用完成進行式。如：They are said to have been working in Tibet for 20 years.5. 不定式的被

5、動式：當不定式邏輯上的主語是這個不定式表示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般要用被動形式。不定式的被動形式根據(jù)其與謂語動作發(fā)生的先后關系，有一般式和完成時兩種。1 一般式to be doneHe asked to be sent to the place where he was most needed. 他要求被派往最需要他的地方。2完成式to have been doneThe novel is said to have been translated into many languages. 據(jù)說這部小說已被譯成多種語言。6. 動詞不定式的否定形式由 not 或 never+ 不定式成Try

6、not to be late again next time.隨堂練習1. The boy pretended when his mother came in.A. to sleepB. to be sleepingC. sleepD. sleeping2. There are still many problems before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.A. solvingB. to solveC. being solvedD. to be solved3. There is nothing more I can try(persua

7、de) you to stay, so I wish you good luck.4. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one(repair) first is the library.5. We are invited to a party held in our club next Friday.6. Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars to work as a carpenter( 木匠)before.doing講解-ing分詞是由動詞原形

8、加詞尾 -ing構(gòu)成。-ing分詞同樣有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，通常有下表幾種形式(以 do為例)：主動形式被動形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done1. -ing分詞的一般式和完成式：-ing分詞的一般式表示和謂語動詞所表示的動作同時進行的動作；完成式表示在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生的動作。如：Being a student, he was interested in books.作為一個學生，他對書本很感興趣。Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examin

9、ations. 因為沒有努力學習功課，他考試不及格。2. -ing分詞的被動式：-ing分詞的被動式表示它的邏輯主語是-ing分詞動作的承受者。根據(jù)-ing分詞動作發(fā)生的時間，-ing分詞的被動式有一般被動式(being done)和完成被動式(having been done)。如：The question being discussed is very important.正在被討論的問題很重要。He never talked about his having been interviewed by the reporter.他從來沒談起過他被記者采訪的事情。Having been cri

10、ticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking.被老師批評以后， 他把煙戒了。3. -ing分詞的否定形式是由 not + -ing分詞構(gòu)成Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等著。His not coming made all of us angry.他沒來使我們大家都很生氣。隨堂練習1 .your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learni

11、ng to convey your affection and emotions.A. Understanding B. To be understoodC. Being understood D. Having understood2 .the assignment made his father lose his temper.A. The boy s not having doneB. The boy not having doneC. The boy s having not doneD. The boy having not done3. (walk) is a good form

12、of exercise for both young and old.4. (see) from the mountain, we find Xiamen very attractive.5. But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.6. The next thing he saw was smoke rose from behind the house.Done講解過去分詞的變化形式只有一種：donedone表示兩方面的含義：1.被動2.被動且動作在謂語動作之前已完成動詞的-ed形式的

13、否定形式動詞的-ed形式的否定形式是由 not或never+動詞的-ed形式構(gòu)成。Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允許他進去，他只好在外面等著。Never invited to his party, she got angry with him.從未被邀請過去他的聚會，她很生氣。隨堂練習1. Tsinghua University,in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A. foundB. foundingC. foundedD. to be founde

14、d2. Claire had her luggage an hour before her plane left.A.checkB.checkingC.to checkD.checked3. Since you can make the class(understand) what you say in English, you can make yourself (understand) in Chinese.4. The boy surrounding by crowds has a gift for music.考點梳理一非謂語做成分非謂語做主語的情況非謂語中只有 doing和to do

15、充當主語(備注：doing表示習慣性的，to do表示具體的，一次性的，但改錯填詞基本上不會考到這個區(qū)別，只做了解)X典型例題：例如： swimming is my favorite sport.To swim is my today s plan.填詞練習1. (do) a favor for someone could get you into trouble.2. (jog) is a good form of exercise for both young and old.3. He is very stubborn(固執(zhí)的).It s no use(argue) with him.改

16、錯練習1. Learn to speak English is more difficult than to write it.2. I don t think play is more important than studying.3. Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also gives us a sense of fair play and team spirit.非謂語做定語的情況現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別根據(jù)動詞與所修飾的名詞主被動關系或動作完成與否來判斷 表情緒的分詞形容詞化用法。X典型例題:1

17、. The question being discussed now at the meeting is very important.2. The question discussed at the meeting last week is very important.3. The question to be discussed at the meeting next week is very important.4. I found the game exciting.填詞練習1. -The last one (arrive) pays the meal. -Agree!2. The

18、trees (blow) in the storm have been moved off the road.3. Peter received a letter just now (say) his grandma would come to see him soon.改錯練習1. What he did was puzzled.2. But then there is always more mysteries look into.3. I have some records giving to me as birthday gifts.非謂語做狀語X典型例句：Born in a poor

19、 family, the boy could not go to school.Hearing the bad news, she burst into tears.Seen from the hill, the park looks more beautiful.To save the child, he laid down his life. = He laid down his life to save the child.填詞練習1(walk) in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.

20、2. (complete) the project as planned, we ll have to work two more hours a day.3. The flowers will die unless (water) every day.改錯練習1. Following by the officers, the general inspected ( 視察)the army.2. Seeing from the mountain, Xiamen is an attractive city.3. Dave was a worker, lived in a small apartm

21、ent near Boston.非謂語做賓語 特殊動詞 + doing / to do做賓語X典型例句：1. I suggest doing it in a different way.2. They didnt mind being treated like guests.3. I hope to see you again.4. He chooses to study abroad.填詞練習1. It was silly of you (believe) what he said.2. - Can I smoke here? -Sorry. We don t allow(smoke) he

22、re.3. David and I wanted (go) off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car.4. It is difficult to imagine his (accept) the decision without any consideration.5. Susan wanted to be independent. So she tried (live) alone, but she didn t like it and moved back hom6. If you think that treat

23、ing a woman well means always (get) her permission for things, think again.改錯練習1. It s very difficult for a foreigner learn Chinese.2. The film is very interesting. It is worth see twice.3. I waved to her but failed attract her attention.4. In those days we were forced work twelve hours a day.5. I h

24、ad always wanted return to the village after moving away.6. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English.7. Look, some of my classmates are practicing speak English over there.介詞 + doing ,但是 but / except + to doX典型例句：1. You will have to pay the

25、cost of sending a postcard.2. I want to thank you again for having me in your home for the summer holidays.3. The teacher made no comments except to tell him to work hard.4. He had no choice but to sit there as usual.填詞練習1. Did you have trouble in (find) the post office?2. I believe that s the best

26、way to prevent such a thing from(happen) again.3. Sandy could do nothing but (admit) to his teacher that he was wrong.4. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week (watch) TV.改錯練習1. The lost child desired nothing but going home.2. After learn the basics of the subject, n

27、othing else seemed very practical to me.3. It s like going to a huge library without have to walk around to find your books.4. I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys and girls.五.非謂語做賓補感官動詞后的非謂語賓補形式使役動詞后的非謂語賓補形式特殊動詞后的非謂語賓補形式( Vt.+sb. + to do )例：I heard th

28、em sing yesterday.昨天我聽見他們唱歌了。I heard the children shouting upstairs.我們聽見孩子們在樓上叫喊。I heard the Ninth Symphony played last night.昨晚我聽了第九交響樂的演奏。He made/had me laugh. = He gets me to laugh尸 He leaves me to laugh.The boss got/left/ had employees working all the time.Can you make/have/get the work finished

29、 in time?She asked me to answer the phone in her absence.她請我在她不在的時候接電話。Please remind me to leave her this note.請?zhí)嵝盐伊艚o她這張紙條。填詞練習1. She felt herself(misunderstand) by her friends.2. It was so cold that they kept the fire (burn) all night.3. They knew her very well. They had seen her (grow) up from chi

30、ldhood.4. My parents have always made me(feel) good about myself, even when I was twelve.5. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English (speak) as much as we can.6. Energy drinks are not allowed (make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.改錯練習1. Listen! Do you hea

31、r someone call for help?2. Don t leave the water run while you brush your teeth.3. and let you to know when the book you want has returned4. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carrying out the next year.5. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her writte

32、n English improving in a short period.6. My advisor encouraged me take a summer course to improve my writing skills.910高效精煉一、填 空1. She used to work in a gallery (support) his family.2. The witnesses(question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.3. The ability (expres

33、s) an idea is as important as the idea itself.4. -Is there anything you want from the town?-No thank you, I would like to get those letters (mail).5. Yesterday I went to visit my best friend and found her (work) hard on her lessons.6. Claire had luggage (check) an hour before her plane left.7. I con

34、sidered (take) Jerry s advice.8. When it comes to (speak) in public, no one can match him .9. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only(find) it didn10. - What made you so happy?- My (pass) the exam.二、改錯1. Listen! Do you hear someone call for help?2. My adviser encourage

35、d me take a summer course to improve my writing skills.3. Yesterday I had my bad tooth pulling out.4. andlet you to know when the book you want has returned.5. - Did Peter fix the computer himself?- He had it fix, because he doesn t know much about computers.6. I look forward to hear from you soon.7

36、. I found the game excited.8. Look, some of my classmates are practicing speak English over there.9. After learn the basics of the subject, nothing else seemed very practical to me.10. I am thinking of making a trip to London, and visit the British Museum and some parks.16to do不定式講解1. B;2. D;3. to persuade ;doing講解1. A2. A3. WalkingDone 講解1. C 2. D3. 第一個空填非謂語做主語的情況填詞練習：1. Doing, 2. Jogging語言點答案4.to be repaired; 5. held 改為 to be held; 6.w