的用法講解與練習(xí)題

1、It的用法（專(zhuān)項(xiàng)總結(jié)）一、人稱(chēng)代詞1，it的最基本用法是作代詞，主要指剛提到的事物，以避免重復(fù): They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance.2.，也可以指動(dòng)物或嬰兒(未知性別的嬰兒或孩子):  Is this your dog？No, it isnt.They got a baby and it was a ten-pounder3.，也可指抽象事物或指抽象環(huán)境和情景:I hate it when people talk with a full mouth.二、.非人稱(chēng)代詞 1.it有時(shí)并不指具體

2、的東西而泛指天氣、時(shí)間、日期、距離、價(jià)值、度量、溫度、環(huán)境等：   .指天氣：It is a lovely day, isnt  it?    .指時(shí)間: It was nearly midnight when she came back.指日期:It is April First today.  .指距離:It is some 3000 kilometers from A to B.指價(jià)值:It is three dollars.      .指溫度:Today it is 30 d

3、egrees centigrade. 三、其他用法1.在句子的主語(yǔ)不太明確時(shí)充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，表示誰(shuí)在做某事：    Who is it there? It's I (me/you/he.).     I thought it was Mary, but it was not she.   Her face lighted when she saw who it was. 2.泛泛的指某件事： (有時(shí)泛指一般情況)   It doesnt matter.   It

4、is a shame, isnt  it?  How is it going?(情況怎樣) It says in the newspaper that.3.it用在一些詞組中，it 沒(méi)有特別的意思   The last train's gone. Come on, we'll foot it.(來(lái)，咱們步行吧。)四、作形式主語(yǔ)，替代主語(yǔ)從句，動(dòng)詞不定式，或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)：1.作形式主語(yǔ)替代主語(yǔ)從句  It is clear ( obvious， true， possible， certain.) that 從句 常譯為清楚

5、的（顯然的，真的，可能的,肯定的）    It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree.   = That  hes round and tall like a tree is very clear.   It is important ( necessary， right， strange， natural.) that 從句  常譯為是重要的(必要的,對(duì)的,奇怪的,自然的).that 后的從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should + 動(dòng)詞原形），should

6、可以省去，建議記住該句型中的形容詞。    It is important that we (should) learn English well.It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.  It is said (reported/ learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.) that 從句 常譯為據(jù)說(shuō)（據(jù)報(bào)道，據(jù)悉）。     It is said that he has come to Beijing. It

7、 is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.  It is suggested ( advised/ ordered / demanded/ insisted/ commanded. ) that 從句.that后的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should + 動(dòng)詞原形），should 可以??；常譯為據(jù)建議；有命令）    It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off.    It was ordered

8、 that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. It is time ( about time ，high time ) that從句(虛擬語(yǔ)氣:動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)did)     It is time that children went to bed.It is the first ( second . ) time that從句(從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have done )  It was (從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)had done )常譯為是第一（二）次。 It is the first time I hav

9、e been here. = This is the first time I have been hereIt is a pity ( a shame /an honour/a good thing/a fact,/a surprise/. ) that從句.  that后的從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should + 動(dòng)詞原形），should可省去表示出乎意料，常譯為竟然。沒(méi)有這種意義時(shí)，則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。  It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. 這種事竟然發(fā)生在你們班上，真是遺憾！

10、60; It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遺憾！ It happens (seems， looks， appears ) that從句.常譯為 “ 碰巧,似乎是,看起來(lái)”       It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧. It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看來(lái) 2.作形式主語(yǔ)替代不定式. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth.

11、 不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是由 of引起，主句中的形容詞必須是能表示邏輯主語(yǔ)特征的褒義或貶義形容詞。 常見(jiàn)的詞有：  bad ， brave ， careless， clever ， cruel ， foolish ， good （好心的）， honest ， horrible ， kind ， lazy ， modest ， naughty ， nice（有教養(yǎng)的）， polite， rude ， silly ， stupid ， wise ， wrong（錯(cuò)誤的）等。 這個(gè)句型可以改寫(xiě)為：sb. is kind to do sth. 。  如:It is kind o

12、f you to say so. = You are kind to say so. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. .不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是由for引起，主句中的形容詞通常是表示重要性，緊迫性，頻繁程度，難易，安全等情況的中性形容詞。 常見(jiàn)的形容詞有： important， necessary， natural easy ， safe ， common ， normal ， hard ， difficult ， dangerous ， unusual， rare ， impossible ， pleasant 如:It is importa

13、nt for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party. It takes sb. . to do sth. 常譯為做要花費(fèi)某人。 如:It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.  3.作形式主語(yǔ)替代動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)It is no good / no use / useless doing sth. 常譯為 “有好處或沒(méi)有用”   It is no good learning

14、English without speaking English.   It's useless trying to argue with Shylock.五、作形式賓語(yǔ)，代替不定式，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)從句。 We think it important to learn a foreign language. 該句型中的it 作形式賓語(yǔ)，該結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的動(dòng)詞有：think, believe, make ,find consider, feel； 如:We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. H

15、e felt it important learning English well. They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.The Internet makes it easier for companies to keep in touch with customers.CF: keep sth, in mind / keep in mind that六、.it的重要句型 1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:  It is/was  + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that 從句 (被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)如果是人，

16、that可以由who換用)  It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday.特例:It is not until + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that . 該句型也是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。主要用于強(qiáng)凋時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，譯成漢語(yǔ)直到才，可以說(shuō)是 not . until . 的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。   It was not until she took off her

17、dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.七、常用句型及考點(diǎn)I. 形式主語(yǔ)型 1. It is clear (obvious，true，possible，certain) that 2. It is important (necessary，right，strange，natural)that 掌握本句型，應(yīng)該記住所列舉的形容詞，并且記住that后的從句應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 (should+動(dòng)詞原形)，should可以省去。 3. It is no good (use) doing sth 4. It is a pity (a sh

18、ame ) that 本句型中，that后的從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 (should十動(dòng)詞原形)，should可以省去。表示出乎意料，常譯為“竟然”。沒(méi)有這種意義時(shí)，則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 5. It is time (about time，high time) that 本句型中that后的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 6. It is the first (second)time that 7. It is said (reported，learned)that 8. It is suggested (ordered) that 本句型中的過(guò)去分詞應(yīng)該是表示請(qǐng)求、建議、命令等的詞，that后的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣

19、(should十動(dòng)詞原形)，should可以省略。常譯為“據(jù)建議；有命令”。 9. It happens (seems，appears) that 10. It takes sbto do sth 11. It doesnt matter whether 12. It is kind (of sb) to do sth 本句型中的不定式如果需要邏輯主語(yǔ)，則須要前置介詞of，而句型中的形容詞必須是能表示邏輯主語(yǔ)特征的形容詞，常見(jiàn)的有bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，honest，horrible，kind，lazy，modest，naughty, p

20、olite，rude，silly, stupid，wise，wrong等。 13. It is necessary ( for sb) to do sth 14. It is (just) like sb to do sth 本句型為“某人(恰恰)是樣子”。用來(lái)表示贊揚(yáng)或不滿(mǎn)，若用否定式，則表示懷疑。 例：It's like him to leave the work to others 他就是這樣的一個(gè)人，把工作推給別人。 15. It is up to sb to do sth 本句型表示“誼由某人做”。II強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 It is+ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who 本句型中被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可

21、以是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)如果是人，that可以由who換用。III其他句型 1. It issince 本句型主句中用時(shí)間作表語(yǔ)，一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí)或完成時(shí)，since引導(dǎo)的從句常用瞬間動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。主句如用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 2. It iswhen 本句型中的when引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句中的it指時(shí)間，表語(yǔ)由具體的時(shí)間充當(dāng)。 3. It looks (seems) as if 本句型中的as if引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，常譯為“看起來(lái)好像”。如果與事實(shí)不相符合，則用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 例1 It looks as if he is ill (真的病了) . 例2 It lo

22、oks as if he were ill (沒(méi)有生病) .Exercises:一單項(xiàng)選擇1.It was at the gate _ he told me the news. A. that B. what C. which D. when2.Is _necessary to tell his father everything A. it B. that C. what D. he3.Was it in this palace _ the last emperor died?A. that B. in which C. in where D. which 4.Is _ possible t

23、o fly to the moon in a spaceship?A. now B. man C. that D. it 5.Was it during the Second World War _he died? A. that B. while C. in which D. then 6.Is _necessary to complete the design before National Day? A. this B. that C. it D. he7.I don't think _possible to master a foreign language without m

24、uch memory work. A. this B. that C. its D. it8.Does _matter if he can't finish the job on time?A. this B. that C. he D. it 9.It was not _she took off her dark glasses _ ,I realized she was a famous film star. A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then10.Toms mother kept telling hi

25、m that he should work harder, but _didnt help. A. he B. which C. she D. it 11._is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It12. Is _ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? Anow Bman Cthat Dit13Our food and service are better than _ used to

26、 be.Ait Bwe Cthey Dthem14_ appears to me _ the report must be truth.AThat; it BIt; that CIt; it DThat; that15He feels _ duty to help others.Athat he Bthat his Cit he Dit his16Take _ easy. The roads are icy.Ait Bthem Cus Dyou17The TV sets made in China are much better than _ in Japan.Athat Bthose Cth

27、em DIt18 Have you found the bike you lost yesterday? Yes, I've found _ already.Ait Bthat Cthe one Dthat one19. I'm looking for a flat. Would you like _ with _ garden?Ait; the Bit; a Cone; a Done; the20_ was _ who I met in the museum this morning.AIt; him BIt; he CThat; he D. That; him21It wa

28、s in the rice fields _ we had our League meeting.Awhere Bthat Cin which Don which 22_ you come to the party so late?AWhy is it BWhy it isCWhy it is that DWhy is it that23 Were all three people in the car injured in the accident No, _ only the two passengers _ got hurtAthey were; that Bthere was; tha

29、tCit was; who Dthere are; who 24I don' t think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work .Athis Bthat Cits Dit25It was not _ she took off her glasses _ I realized she was a famous film starA. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then26.It was not until 1920 _

30、regular radio broadcasts began.Awhile Bwhich Cthat Dsince27_ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.AThere BThis CThat DIt28It was about 600 years ago _ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.Athat Buntil Cbefore Dwhen29It was only when I reread his poem

31、s recently _ I began to appreciate their beauty.Auntil Bthat Cthen DSo30I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full.Ait Bthat Cthese Dthem31 Why don't we take a little break? Didn't we just have _ ?Ait Bthat Cone Dthis 32.Was it during the Second World War _ he died？Athat BWhile Cin whi

32、chDThen33.Is _ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship？ AnowBthatCitDMan34.I don't think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work AThis Bthat CitsDIt35._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language AThere BThis CThatDIt36.It was about 600 year

33、s ago _ the first clock with face and an hour hand was made Athat Buntil CbeforeDwhen37._computers play such an important part in our daily life?AWhy it is thatBWhy is it thatCWhy was it thatDWhy is it38. Was it during the Second World War _he died?A. that B. while C. in which D.then39. Is _ necessa

34、ry to take off our shoes when we enter the lab?A. everyone B.this C.her D.it 40. Is _ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?A.now B.that C.it D.man 41. I dont think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.A.this B.that C.its D.it42. She heard of a terrible noise, _ brou

35、ght her heart into her mouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that 43. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.A.it B.that C.which D.he44. Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time?A.this B.that C.he D.it45.Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _ didnt help

36、.A.he B.which C.she D.it46.The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it47._is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D.It48.I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have _.A.it B.those C.

37、them D.one49.It was about 600 years ago_the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.A.that B.until C.before D.when50.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full.A.it B.that C.these D.them51.It was only when I reread his poems recently_ I began to appreciate their beauty.A.until B.that

38、 C.then D.so52.It is the ability to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are.A.one B.that C.what D.it53.It _ you that _ to blame.A.is;is B.is; are C.are;are D.are;is54.Was_that I saw last night at the concert?A.it you B.not you C.you D.that you 55._ electricity plays such an impo

39、rtant part in our life? A.Why is it that B.Why is it C.Why it is that D.Why is that 56.It was _ he said _ disappointed me. A.what;what B.that;that C.what;that D.that;what 57.It was in the lab _ was taken charge of by Professor Harris _ they did the experiment.A.which; that B.that; what C.whom; that D.which; where58.Many people now make a rule to buy cards for their friends before Christmas.A.themselves B.it C.that D.this 59.Someone is at the door, who is ?A.this B.that C.it