高中英語選修八unit單詞導(dǎo)學(xué)案

1、B8-U1 詞匯學(xué)習(xí)1. distinction n. 差別；區(qū)分；卓著There is a fine distinction between the two words. We should make a distinction between right and wrong.  Employers should hire men and women without distinction. Michael graduated with distinction from Hami senior high school. distinct adj. 清晰的；明顯的；明確的 be di

2、stinct in .from . 在某方面與不同Shakespeare在寫作風(fēng)格上與魯迅截然不同 2. live on 繼續(xù)活著,繼續(xù)存在； 住在上； 以為食1. She lived on for many years after her husband died. 2. These traditions will live on for centuries. 3. The people find it hard to live on. 民不聊生. 短語歸納 live短語：live on sth 以某物為食,靠某種經(jīng)濟(jì)來源生活 live by doing sth 靠做某事物為生live a.

3、 life 過著的生活 3. means n手段；方法 (單復(fù)數(shù)同形)Every possible means has been tried，but none worked.All possible means have been tried，but none worked.各種可能的辦法都嘗試了，但沒有一種奏效。by this means by means of by all means by every means by no means by any mean (1)by means of 借用，依靠We express our feelings by means of words. (

4、2)by no meansnot at all一點(diǎn)也不By no means am I satisfied with my present job. (3)by this means通過這種方式Y(jié)ou can do it by this means. (4)by all means 可以，當(dāng)然行，務(wù)必May I use your bicycle? By all means！ 練習(xí)：1But by no means _ with my progress.（老師絕不會(huì)對(duì)我的進(jìn)步滿意）2The police looked into the case carefully and found the t

5、hief had entered the house _ a ladder.3She couldnt speak，but made her wishes known _ sign.4. Do you think we should put an ad in the paper for the lost child?Yes，_.4. in additionadv. 另外； 除此之外； 并且； 況且 位于兩個(gè)句子中間，放在從句的句首，后面接完整的句子。許多詞可以和它替換，如：additionally，furthermore，besides。 In addition位于句末，相當(dāng)于 “as well

6、” （1）You need money and time, in addition, you need diligence. （2）Mary gave us sandwiches for our picnic and a bag of cookies in addition.瑪麗為我們?nèi)ソ加螠?zhǔn)備了三明治，另外還準(zhǔn)備了一袋曲奇。In addition to整個(gè)詞組相當(dāng)于一個(gè)介詞，所以to的后面要接名詞性成分做賓語。 In addition to native plants, this garden contains numerous trees and flowers from overseas

7、. 除了當(dāng)?shù)氐闹参镏?，這座花園還有無數(shù)來自海外的花草樹木。In addition to the killed and wounded, many were missing. 除了傷亡之外，還有許多人失蹤。 5. majority n大多數(shù)；大半 (反義詞minority少數(shù)；少數(shù)民族) major adj.&n. 較大的，主要的；主修，專攻 be in the/a majority 構(gòu)成大部分/大多數(shù) A / The majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health. The majority

8、of students find it quite hard to live on the amount of money they get. (1)單獨(dú)用做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)均可。The majority was/were in favour of banning smoking.大多數(shù)人支持禁煙。The majority were/was against the plan.大多數(shù)人反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃。(2)單獨(dú)用做主語，如果后面的表語是復(fù)數(shù)，那么謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。The majority who attended the meeting yesterday are students. T

9、he majority of the damage is easy to repair. 6. keep up堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲古老的風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等；使某人不能去睡覺短語歸納 keep短語：keep up with sb/sth. keep (on) doing sth. keep away from keep sb back from sb/sth keep sth. back keep oneself/sb from sth/doing sth keep sth from sb keep off (sb/sth) keep sb/sth out (of sth) keep in touch w

10、ith keep fit 7. make a life習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等come to life live/lead a.life come back to life bring.back to life make/start a new life make a living by Some people from the country find it hard to in big cities.一些來自農(nóng)村的人發(fā)現(xiàn)很難習(xí)慣大城市的生活。They moved out West to there.他們遷往西部去開始新生活。And anyway he was dead

11、. Nobody could   him  . 總之，他已經(jīng)死了。沒有人能使他復(fù)活。The old couple selling vegetables.這對(duì)老夫婦靠賣菜維持生活。8.despite prep.盡管；不管 n.憎恨；輕視Despite old age, she is still learning to drive. 盡管年事已高,她還在學(xué)開車。 Despite all our efforts we still lost the game. 盡管我們盡了全力，我們還是輸?shù)袅吮荣悺?Despite用作介詞時(shí)，與 in spi

12、te of同義，都表示“盡管”、“雖然”、“不顧”之意，但程度有所不同。一般說來，in spite of的語氣較強(qiáng)，使用范圍也較廣； despite的語氣較弱，多用于詩歌或正式的文體中。Despite 與(al)though都有“盡管”的意思，despite是介詞，后接名詞或代詞；而although=though是連詞，后接表示讓步的狀語從句。例如：I think he is sad, despite his smiles.   We went for a walk although/though it was raining.  Bravely though t

13、hey fought, they had no chance of winning. 9. occur vi. A. 存在B. 發(fā)生C. 被想到(1)Earthquakes occur frequently in this area. (2)It didn't occur to him that she would refuse his invitation. (3)Do giraffes occur in Africa only? sth. occurs to sb. 某人想起某事It occurs to sb. that 某人想起It occurs to sb. to do sth

14、. 某人想起做某事表示“某人突然想起”的其他句型：sth. strikes sb. It strikes sb. that It crosses sb.'s mind that sth. comes to sb.It suddenly to the detective that the millionaire was probably murdered by his own daughter. An accident did, however, _ at the street corner last night.10 indicatevt. 指出, 指明，表明；象征；指示, 顯示, 暗

15、示，預(yù)示；1. I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite. 2. The clouds indicate the coming of rain. 3. His hesitation indicates unwillingness. indication n. 指出/示；表明/示；跡象indicative adj.指示的；暗示的 indicate sth. (to sb.)向（某人）表示某事；把指給（某人）看indicate that .表示；示意11 apparent adj. A. 顯然的B. 表面上

16、的apparently adv. 顯然地；顯而易見地同義詞：obvious (1)The apparent truth was really a lie. (2)It is apparent that iron is different from steel. (3)It is apparent (顯然的) from scientific studies that the drug produces severe side effects.It is apparent that 顯然It is apparent from sth that從某事物上明顯看出It is apparent to s

17、b that 某人明白.12. mark out 劃線; 標(biāo)出界線1. Please mark out the mistakes I made in my composition. 2. Please mark out the sentences that you don t understand with a red pen. mark sb. out for sth. 選出/選定某人做某事mark down 寫下，記下；降低的價(jià)格mark up 標(biāo)出；提高的價(jià)格mark in 加畫；繪入mark out for 看中；選定13. take in(1) This is the total c

18、ost of the holiday，taking everything in.(2) She was homeless so we took her in.(3) She took me in completely with her story.(4) Take in a deep breath.(5) I hope youre taking in what Im saying.14. a great/good many許多；很多(修飾可數(shù)名詞)我認(rèn)識(shí)她好多年了。 那些花多數(shù)是白色的。 a good/great many后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，但a good/great many后接of時(shí)，必須加限定

19、詞，如these/those/the/ones等，然后再加名詞復(fù)數(shù)。A great many of us dont like speaking English in class. 我們當(dāng)中許多人不喜歡在課堂上講英語。15. apply for申請(qǐng)，請(qǐng)求1. apply for. 申請(qǐng)apply tofor向.申請(qǐng) 她應(yīng)聘英語教師的工作。 We had to apply to the government for financial help. 2. apply to. 適用（合） applyto 把運(yùn)用到What you said doesnt apply to me. 3.apply oneself to (doing) sth.專注于；專心做某事他專心學(xué)英語。 16. However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.本句式中it為形式主語，真正的主語為tha