高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專題特殊句式

1、 特殊句式1、 考綱解讀考點(diǎn)1.倒裝 2.強(qiáng)調(diào) 3.省略 4.主謂一致 5.反意疑問句 6.there be 句型重點(diǎn)：1把握各種特殊句式在具體語境中的運(yùn)用 2.掌握主謂一致的靈活運(yùn)用2、 知識歸納1. 倒裝 （1） 完全倒裝 謂語動詞完全放到主語之前 there be （stand ，lie，exist.）句型Eg：there is a garden behind the house表示方式或方位的副詞或介詞短語放在句首（here，there ,now, then, up, down, in the room,on the wall,out, off . ） Eg: Here comes t

2、he bus.(當(dāng)主語是代詞時，主謂不倒裝，如Here it is) Away went the girl 表語位于句首時，其倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“英語+連系動詞+主語“e.g. Present at the meeting were same scientists from China. (形容詞作表語) Gone are the days when we were poor.(過去分詞作表語) In each room are ten students.(介詞短語作表語)（2）部分倒裝，只把謂語的一部分（助動詞，情態(tài)動詞）置于主語之前含否定意義的副詞never, not, nor, hardly,

3、seldom, not onlybut(also)，not until 及含有no的詞或短語放在句首，結(jié)構(gòu)為：表否定意義的詞/詞組+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be+主語+謂動+e.g. Never before have I seen such a moving film. Not until he returned did we have supper. only+副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/ be+主語+謂語動詞+e.g. Only then did I realize that I was wrong. Only in this way can you improve your

4、pronunciation. Only when he returned did we find out the truth. (主句倒裝) Only 修飾主語時，句子不倒裝。 e.g. Only he can help you.+情態(tài)動詞/助動詞/be + 主語 So （也） Neither/Nor(也不) e.g. You can swim, so can he.I have never been to abroad, neither (nor) has he.He likes watching football matches but he doesnt like playing foo

5、tball. 一 So it is (the same) with sb. (有兩個謂語動詞時作答語用，表示“也”) Tom is thirteen. so is Lucy.(Lucy也13歲。前后指兩個人) so he is.(他(Tom)的確13歲。前后指一個人)頻度副詞often, always, many a time 等置于句首，句子用部分倒裝e.g. Often do I tell her about my life here.虛擬語氣條件中省略if， 把were，had或should放在主語前，構(gòu)成倒裝e.g. Were I you (=If I were you ), I wo

6、uld take his advice.So(Such)that句型，So（Such）置句首時用倒裝e.g. So fast does he run. That I cant catch up with him. Such a clever boy is he that he can work out this exercise easily.(3) 其它倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)as/though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句adj/adv/名詞/動詞+as/though+主語+e.g. Successful as/though he is, he is not proud. Child as he is, he kn

7、ows to help others. Object as you may, Ill go. may表祝愿 May you succeed! May our friendship live forever!2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)(1) It is /was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who +句子剩余成分強(qiáng)調(diào)人用that/who，強(qiáng)調(diào)物用that所強(qiáng)調(diào)的可以是單詞，短語，也可以是從句，但結(jié)構(gòu)要完整被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是主語、賓語、狀語，但不能是定語或謂語e.g. It is I who/that am right. (主語) It was Lucy that we met at the school gate. （

8、賓語） It was in the park that Tom lost his watch. (狀語)（2）強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問句：Is/Was it +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他成分？e.g. Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out? Is it professor Wang that / who teaches you English?(3) 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句：特殊疑問句詞+is/was + it +that +其他成分？e.g. Who was it that broke the window? When was

9、it that you called me yesterday? What is it that you want me to do?(4) 有時可用It might be that或It must have been that 句型表強(qiáng)調(diào)e.g. It might be his father that youre thinking of. It must have been his brother that you saw.(5) notuntil句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句：It is/was not until that+其他部分e.g. It was not until ten oclock that

10、 he wen to bed.(6) 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的it與作形式主語的it比較去掉It/was 和that，剩余成分仍能構(gòu)成一個完整句子，就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，否則就不是e.g. It is there that accidents often happen. Accidents often happen there. 事故經(jīng)常在那里發(fā)生。 It is clear that not all boys like football.Clear not all boys like football. (不是完整句子結(jié)構(gòu)，因此這不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句)(7) 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 It is /was that；It is/was +

11、時間+ when/before 從句子與it is +時間+since從句；It was not long before等句型的區(qū)別e.g. It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday. （強(qiáng)調(diào)句）It was midnight when/before I got back home yesterday. （非強(qiáng)調(diào)句） It was two years ago that I began to learn English.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）我是在兩年前開始學(xué)英語的。It is two years since I began to learn Eng

12、lish. （It is since自從以來已有時間） It wasnt long before 不久以后就了 It wont be long before不久就會 It was two years/days before過了兩年/兩天就 It will be two years/days before還得兩年/兩天才 It will not be two years/days before用不了兩年/兩天就會試比較：It was two years before he came back from abroad. It was two years later that he came bac

13、k from abroad都表示他兩年后回國。注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句中狀語的表達(dá)方式（8）對謂語動詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)用do/did/doese.g. Do come this evening. He did write to you last week.3. 省略（1）不定式的省略在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish 等后面，常用to代替被省略詞。e.g. I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to.在h

14、ave, need, ought, used 等后面，用toe.g. I didnt want to go there, but I had to.在glad, happy, pleased, delighted 等后面，用toe.g. If youd like me to help you, Id be only too glad to.否定形式的省略用not toe.g. Shall I go instead of him? I prefer not to.如果不定式中含有be, have, have been, 通常要保留to be/ to have. To have beene.g.

15、Are you a sailor? No, but I used to be.（2）狀語從句中的省略當(dāng)狀語從句中主語和主句中主語一致，且從句中含有be動詞時，可省略從句中的主語和be動詞，此時從句中可能出現(xiàn)下列情況連詞(as, as if , once)+名詞e.g. Once (he was） a teacher, he now works in a company.連詞（though, whether, when) +形容詞e.g. work hard when (you are） young, or youll regret. 少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲。連詞(whether, as if

16、,while) +介詞短語e.g. He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something.連詞（when, while, though) +現(xiàn)在分詞e.g. While ( I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.連詞（when, if ,even if, unless, once, until, than, as)+過去分詞e.g. The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.連詞（as

17、 if , as though)+不定式e.g. He opened his mouth as if (he was) to speak. (對事實(shí)的猜測）當(dāng)從句主語是it,謂語動詞中又含有系動詞be時，可以把it和be一起省略，如連詞(if). unless, when, whenever)+形容詞e.g. If (it is ) necessary, youd better refer to the dictionary.可以用so/ not 代替上文內(nèi)容，有“if so /not”結(jié)構(gòu)e.g. Get up early tomorrow, If not ( If you dont get

18、 up early), you will miss the first bus. He may not be at home then. If So (If he is not at home leave him a note.Tips: 狀語從句省略看似很多，其實(shí)也就是歸為名詞(no), 形容詞（adj.),介詞短語(prep.-）；現(xiàn)在分詞(V.-ing),過去分詞(V.-ed)，不定式(to do )這六類，連詞間基本相通，重在多看多記，主要考查V.-ing， V.-ed, to do 三種，考查時變換靈活，要多做題。4.主謂一致 （1）并列主語的主謂一致 兩個單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞用an

19、d 連接，表兩個不同概念，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式e.g. Tom and Jack were close friends.Steam and ice are different forms of water.兩個單數(shù)名詞用and 連接，表同一人，同一物，同一概念，或表示不可分割的整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式e.g. The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.那位歌舞演員(指同一人）要來參加我們的晚會。（若說 the singer and the dancer,就是兩個人，后面該用are）A knife and fork is on the

20、 table.被every, each, many a , no 等限定的單個主語由and連接時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，其中后一個限定詞可處略e.g. Each boy and (each) girl has an apple.Many a teacher has seen the film.一個單數(shù)名詞被幾個用and連接的并列形容詞修飾時，可以指一件事或幾件事，這種名詞作為主語時，要根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式e.g. Simple and plain living is a good quality. 生活簡樸 English and American literature are

21、 appealing to her. 英國文學(xué)和美國文學(xué)由and連接的兩個what 從句作主語時，要根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式e.g. What he says and does do not agree. 他的言、行不一致。（兩件事） What he says and does doesnt concern me. 他的言行與我無關(guān)。（一件事）由or , either, neithernor, not onlybut (also)連接主語時，按就近原則，即謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和鄰近主語一致 e.g. One or two friends are coming this eveni

22、ng. Neither I nor he is in favor of her marriage. Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter.主語+with/ along with / together with /as well as / rather than / as mush as / but / except 等+名詞作主語時，謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)要與前面的主語一致 e.g. Tom (as well as two of his friends) was invited to the party. The teacher

23、 together with his students is going there on foot.(2)數(shù)詞與量詞作主語時的主謂一致表時間、重量、距離、價格、體積等名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時，作整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù) e.g. Twenty years is a long time in his life.（如強(qiáng)調(diào)具體的數(shù)量，則要用復(fù)數(shù)動詞：Twenty years have passed since his father died.)分?jǐn)?shù)修飾名詞作主語時，動詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于意義e.g. About one third of the books are worth reading.A large

24、percent of the work was done yesterday.由 Kind / from / pair / type / sort / species/ series of 等修飾的主語，動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于這些詞的單復(fù)e.g. This new kind of buses if now on show.All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome. a number / variety / group of + n. (復(fù)數(shù)） + V. 復(fù)The number / variety of + n. +V. 單 many a /more

25、 than one + 單數(shù)名詞+ V.單e.g. More than one student has failed the exam. a quantity of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +V.復(fù)， a quantity of + 不可數(shù)名詞+V.單quantities of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+V.復(fù)e.g. Besides, a large quantity of mail bags were found.Quantities of food were on the table.(3)某些名詞作主語時的主謂一致集體名詞 family, class, team, crew, group,

26、audience, committee, public 作主語，動詞單復(fù)數(shù)依主語所指意義而定，當(dāng)作整體來看，動詞用單數(shù)；若強(qiáng)調(diào)成員時，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)e.g. The class consists of twenty-five boys and twenty girls.The class are doing experiments. trousers, pants, glasses, compasses, jeans 等作主語，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，但若前面用了a pair of / two pairs of ,謂語動詞與 pair 保持一致e.g. Here are some new pairs of g

27、lasses.My blue trousers have worn out.This pair of scissors was in Hangzhou.(4)What 引導(dǎo)的從句作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)的單復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定，一般用單數(shù)；若表語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞。e.g. What he said leaves much for us to think about.What her father left her are only some books.5、反意疑問句（1）must若must 表示“必須”或“有必要”，疑問部分用mustnt或neednt；若陳述部分有Mustnt表“禁止”

28、，疑問部分常用muste.g. You must leave at once, mustnt / neednt you ? You mustnt laugh, must you ?當(dāng)must 用來表示對現(xiàn)在情況進(jìn)行推測時，反意疑問部分要根據(jù)must后的動詞采用相應(yīng)的形式e.g. He must be good at maths, isnt he?He must go to the library, doesnt he?當(dāng)must 表示對過去情況的推測，反意疑問部分用didnt（有明確的表過去的時間狀語），或用havent/hasnt（沒用明確的時間）e.g. She must have rea

29、d the novel last week, didnt she?You must have told her about it, havent you?(2) used to 反意疑問部分用 usednt 或didnte.g. He used to live in Paris, usednt / didnt he ?(3) ought to 反意疑問部分用oughtnt 或shouldnte.g. You aught to know about it ,oughtnt / shouldnt you ?(4)否定詞或半否定詞 seldom, hardly, never, few, little

30、, nothing, nobody, scarcely等，疑問部分用肯定形式e.g. He could hardly walk without a stick, could he ?They have never been to America, have they?(5)“否定”意義前綴，反意疑問部分用否定形式e.g. Its unfair, isnt it?Tom dislike playing tennis, doesnt he ?(6)賓語從句陳述部分主句含有think , believe, suppose, guess, expect, imagine, be sure 等動詞，且主

31、語為第一人稱，疑問部分主語和動詞與賓語從句主語，時態(tài)一致e.g. I dont believe he will succeed, will he ? (前面已有dont 表否定，后面用肯定）若陳述句主語是第二/三人稱，疑問部分主語和助動詞與主句一致e.g. Tom doesnt believe Jame will suueed, does he ? You said that he would come to my birthday party, didnt you?(7)祈使句的反意疑問句否定陳述，will you ?Dont talk any more, will you ?肯定陳述，wi

32、ll/ wont you ?Fetch me a chair, will / wont you?Lets , shall we?Lets give him a hand, shall we?Let us , will you?Let us go and play football, will you?(8)回答反意疑問句時，不管主句為否定，還是附加疑問部分是否定，回答時只看所提到的事是否已發(fā)生，若發(fā)生，用肯定，若未發(fā)生，用否定e.g. You arent a student, are you? You are a student, arent you?若你是學(xué)生，回答Yes, I am. 否則

33、，No， I am not.不存在 Yes, I dont. 或No, I do. 要么肯定到底，要么否定到底。（9）附加問句主語和陳述部分主語在人稱、數(shù)上保持一致的幾種情況。陳述部分主語附加問唏主語例句One（指人）one或heOne cant be careful enough, can he /one?This, that, these, thoseit 或theyThis isnt a fast train, is it?everything,anything, something, nothingit Nothing happened to him, did it ?everyone

34、, everybody, someone, somebody no one, nobody, anyone, anybodyhe 或theyNobody likes to be laughed at , does he ?/ do they?不定式，動名詞，其他短語itLearning English well will take us a lot of time, doesnt it?there be 句型thereThere will be rain tomorrow, wont there? There are two girls in the room, arent there?6.t

35、here be 句型（1） there be 結(jié)構(gòu)符合就近原則e.g. There is a pen , two books, and many pencils on the desk.(2) there be 有多種時態(tài)There was / will be / have been / cant be（3）there be 中的be 有時可用seem to be , happen to be, is likely to be 或remain, stand, lie , go ,exist, follow, live, come, occur 替換e.g. There is likely to

36、 be something wrong with his computer.(4) there be 句型的非謂語形式e.g. I never dreamed of there being a picture on the wall. I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job. It is natural for them there to be a generation gap between them.There being not enough time left, we have to hurry.There havi

37、ng been no water for two days, travelers were all thirsty.三、例題講解1. It was only after he had read the papers Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.A.WhenB.thatC.whichD.what選B.句意“看到那些文件后，Gross先生才意識到他面前的任務(wù)完成起來是極其困難的。本題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)時間狀語。It is /was that/ who是強(qiáng)調(diào)句的標(biāo)志，去掉后，句意依

38、然完整。2. Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent_properly in this hospital.A. Can be the patients treatedB. can the patients be treatedC. The patients can be treatedD. treated can be the patients選B。句意：只有增加50%的醫(yī)生，病人才能在這家醫(yī)院得到妥善治療。only位于句首修飾介詞短語時，句子要用部分倒裝。3.Generally, students inner motiva

39、tion with high expectations from others_essential to their development.A.is B.are C.wasD.were選A。 從題干可知本題的主語是students inner motivation, 因此謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。再根據(jù)題中的Generally可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。故選A。4.“Never for a second,” the boy says, “_that my father would come to my rescue,”A. I doubted B. do I doubtC. I have doubted D.did I doubt選D。表示否定意義的短語Never for a second位于句首，句子需要部分倒裝，根據(jù)句意可知小男孩是在回憶父親救他時的情景，因此用一般過去時態(tài)。故選 D。5.Why, this is nothing but common vegetable soup!_, madam, Its our soup of the day.A.Let me see B.So it is