【必備】中考英語動詞歸納與專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練

1、中考復(fù)習(xí)動詞附參考答案一、中考對動詞的知識要求：中考對動詞的考查主要集中在：1、掌握動詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù)、過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞四種形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則;2、掌握動詞六種時(shí)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，主要用法及區(qū)別（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）3、掌握系動詞 be, look, feel, smell, get, become, turn, keep 等的基本用法；4、了解過去將來時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法；5、掌握助動詞 be, do, have, shall, will的基本用法；6、掌握情態(tài)動詞 can, must, need, may等基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)及主要

2、用法；7、了解一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)三種時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式及其基本 用法；8、了解含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式及其基本用法；9、掌握句子主謂一致的基本原則；10、掌握動詞不定式作賓語、狀語的基本用法；11、了解動詞不定式作主語、定語、表語的基本用法。二、動詞考察點(diǎn)分項(xiàng)說明：（一）、掌握動詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù)、過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞四種形式的構(gòu)成 規(guī)則；1、動詞現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成：動詞特征變化例詞一般動詞詞尾加-slook- looks find- finds以s, x, ch, sh或。結(jié)尾詞尾加-eswatch- watches, push- pushes

3、以輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾變y為i再加-esfly- flies, apply- applies2、動詞的過去式及過去分詞的構(gòu)成:規(guī)則動詞的變化：規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成方法是相同的。動詞特征變 化例 詞一般動詞詞尾加-edlook- looked, looked以e結(jié)尾詞尾加-dlive- lived, lived以輔音字母+Y”結(jié)尾變y為i,再加-edcarry-carried, carried以重讀閉音節(jié)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾 只個(gè)輔音字母雙寫該輔音字母，再加-edstop- stopped, stopped 不規(guī)則動詞的變化。（略）3、動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：動詞特征變化例詞一般動詞直接

4、加-inglook-looking watch- watching以e結(jié)尾去e力口 -ingcome- coming move- moving以重讀閉音節(jié)或r音節(jié)結(jié)k且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字先雙寫該輔音字母，再加 -ingswim- swimming run- running以ie結(jié)尾且為重讀開音節(jié):變ie加y再加ingdie-dying lie-lying（二）、掌握動詞六種時(shí)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，主要用法及區(qū)別（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、 般將來時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用來表示現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，與always, usually, often,som

5、etimes, every day (week, month) 等連用； 表示現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)或狀態(tài)；表示主語所具有的特征，性格和能力；以及表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍其理。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)通常以動詞原形表示，但當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動詞原形后需加-s 或 -es。She likes biology very much. 她非常喜歡生物。They often go to school by bike. 他們通常騎車上學(xué)。2、一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示過去時(shí)間的副詞如：yesterday,last week, two hours ago 等連用；表示過去一段時(shí)間經(jīng)

6、?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作，這時(shí)可與頻度副詞 often, usually, always 等連用；表示過去發(fā)生的一連串動作，以及在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，用一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來的動作。一般過去時(shí)的構(gòu)成：一般過去時(shí)由動詞的過去式構(gòu)成。We met each other on the street yesterday. 我們昨天在街上碰見了。She often went swimming last year. 她去年經(jīng)常去游泳。They moved the chairs to the table, sat down and began to have supper.他們把椅子搬到桌邊，坐下開始吃飯。Ma

7、ry told me that she would stay at home if it rained. 瑪麗告訴我如果下雨她就呆在家里。3、一般將來時(shí) 一般將來時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語如nextmonth, tomorrow, in a week, soon 等連用。一般將來時(shí)的構(gòu)成：( 1) 一般將來時(shí)由“助動詞 will/shall+ 動詞原形”構(gòu)成。其中shall 主要用于主語是第一人稱(I和we)的疑問句中。(2)也可以用“be going to動詞原形”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)來表示根據(jù)目前跡象很有可能發(fā)生的某件事情，或是打算、計(jì)劃、以及決定要做某件事情等。They

8、 will have a class meeting next Tuesday. 他們下周二將舉行班會。We shall meet at the school gate. 我們將在學(xué)校大門口見。It is going to rain. 要下雨了。4、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作，常與 now, at present, at this, moment 等連用； 或與 these days, this week/month 等連用，表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。有時(shí)還與always,continually, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動作，代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表達(dá)說話人

9、強(qiáng)烈的感情。如贊揚(yáng)、不滿、討厭等。如：He is always asking such silly questions. 他老是提這類愚蠢的問題。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由“ be (am/is/are)+V-ing ”構(gòu)成。They are watching TV now. 他們正在看電視。The dog is enjoying his meal. 小狗正在吃飯。5、過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法相同，只不過參照的時(shí)間基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)不同。過去進(jìn)行表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動作。一般和特定的時(shí)間狀語或狀語從句連用。如：then, at that time, at eight yes

10、terday, this time yesterday, when he came in 等。 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成6現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)類似，只不過把be (am, is, are)變?yōu)檫^去式(was, were)They were watching TV at that time. 他們那會正在看電視。The dog was enjoying his meal at this time yesterday. 小狗昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候正在吃飯。6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 表示動作已經(jīng)完成，但后果或影響仍在，常與already, just, yet 等副詞連用；或是表示過去發(fā)生的動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，常與for 或 since

11、引導(dǎo)的一段時(shí)間狀語連用。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由助動詞“have/has+去分詞”構(gòu)成。He has already come back.他已經(jīng)回來了。He has lived here for three years.他在止匕住了兩年了。(三)、掌握系動詞 be, look, feel, smell, get, become, turn, keep 等的基本用法；常見的連系動詞有：become, turn, get, grow, keep, feel, look, seem, smell, fall 等。它們后面常接形容詞，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。Please keep the classroom clean.

12、請保持教室的干凈。The bread looks very fresh.這些面包看上去很新鮮。(四)、了解過去將來時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法；過去將來時(shí)表示從過去某一時(shí)點(diǎn)看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)的構(gòu)成相同， 只是把will, shall變?yōu)檫^去式 would, should ,把助動詞be的過去式變?yōu)?過去式 was或 were而已。如：They were going to have a meeting.他們曾打算開會。過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或動作之前已完成的行為或存在的狀態(tài)。與現(xiàn)在完成的用法相同，只不過作為衡量基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)的時(shí)間點(diǎn)不同，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)以現(xiàn)在作為衡量的基

13、準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)，而過去完成時(shí)則以過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻作為基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)。它表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或動作之前完成了的動 作，即 過去的過去”，常by, before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：By the time he was ten, Edison had built a lab for himself.到愛迪生10歲時(shí)，他已給自己建了一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years.她說她已在那所醫(yī)院工作20 年了。(五)、掌握助動詞 be, do, have, shall, will的基本用法；助動詞是 輔助性”動詞，一般沒有詞義，不能單獨(dú)作謂語，但可

14、用來幫助構(gòu)成謂語，表示 不同的時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)，和數(shù)的變化。常見的助動詞有：(1) be (am, is, are, was, were, being, been)與現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)合，構(gòu)成各種進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；或與過 去分詞結(jié)合構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。I m looking for my pen.我正在找我的筆。(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))These cups are made in China.這些杯子是中國制造的。(被動語態(tài))(2) have (has, had, having)與過去分詞結(jié)合，構(gòu)成完成時(shí)。They have known each other for twenty years.他們互相認(rèn)識有二十年了。(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))

15、He had built a chemistry lab for himself at the age of ten.他十歲時(shí)就已經(jīng)為自己建了一個(gè)化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。(過去完成時(shí))(3) do (does, did)助動詞do后只能跟動詞原形，與 not及其他動詞結(jié)合構(gòu)成否定句，或 置于主語之前構(gòu)成疑問句。He does not speak English.他不說英語。When did he come back?他什么時(shí)候回來的？(4) will (would), shall (should) will能用于一般將來時(shí)的任何人稱后；would是will的過去時(shí)，能用于過去將來時(shí)；兩者后面都接動詞原形。

16、The plane will arrive in ten minutes. 飛機(jī)十分中后將要到達(dá)。I was sure we would win.我確信用我們會贏。shall與should這兩個(gè)助動詞本身沒有詞義，shall只能用于一般將來時(shí)的第一人稱后；should是shall的過去時(shí)，只能用于過去將來時(shí)的第一人稱后；兩者后面都接動詞原形。We shall meet at the school gate tomorrow.我們明天將在校門 口 見。I told them that I should do the work alone. 我告訴他們我將獨(dú)自做那項(xiàng)工作。三、鞏固練習(xí)1. His

17、father any washing in the morning.A. doesn t do B. doesn t C. doesn t does). doesn t does2. I 1000 English words by the end of last term.A. have learned B. had learned C. would learn D. was learning3. How long you the bicycle?A. have bought B. have hadC. did buy D. do buy4. my brother knows London v

18、ery well. He there many times.A. has been B. has gone C. was D. went5. The children want to know if Miss Green free tomorrow.A. is B. is going to C. will D. will be6. Listen, the music nice.A. sounds B. is sounding C. is sound D. was sounding7. He early every morning from now on.A. gets up B. does g

19、et up C. does gets up D. will get up8. Our teacher told us that lightfaster than sound.A. travelled B. travels C. was travelled D. had travelled9. Mr. Brown is not at home. He to the library.A. has gone B. has been C. had been D. had gone10. He said he would go to the cinema with us if he free.A. is

20、 B. were C. was D. will be11. Tom his homework after breakfast.A. don B. doesn C. don t do). doesn t do12. Jenny a letter to her mother three days ago.A. wrote B. writes C. write D. has written13. He with us yesterday morning.A. doesn t go swimming B. goes swimmingC. didn t go swimming D. went to sw

21、imming14. There a basketball match on our school the day after tomorrow.A. will haveB. will be C. is going to have D. would have15. you us a talk this afternoon?A. Are, giving B. Are, given C. Will, give D. Were, going to give16. Look! Li Lei Jim with his Chinese.A. is helping B. has helped C. is go

22、ing to help D. would help17. Don t make any noise. The baby.A. has slept B. is sleptC. will sleep D. is sleeping18. The students of Class 3 a football game now. Let s go and watch.A. are having B. will have C. is having D. will be had19. How many English songs you by the end of last term?A. have, le

23、arned B. did, learn C. had, learned D. were, learned20. My mother breakfast while I my face this morning.A. cooked, was cooking B. was cooking, was washingC. was cooking D. would cook, was washing二、用下列動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. He told me that he(visit) the Summer Palace the next day.2. Who has borrowed the dictio

24、nary? I want to use it.-Miss Li. She(keep) it for a week.3. The old men(die) last summer. He(die) for eight months.4. Father(cook) when I got home.5. Mr. Smith told us he(show) the guests around the factory.6. In winter when your clothes (wash), it is not easy to get them dry.7. 一the twins(return) y

25、et? Yes. They(have) a rest in the room now.8. It(rain) but it(stop) now.9. All the children (keep) quiet though their teacher was not there.四、鞏固練習(xí)參考答案（一）單項(xiàng)選擇1. A6. A11. D16. A2. B7. D12. A17.D3. B8. B13. C18. A4. A9. A14. B19. C5. D10. C15. C20. B（二）、用下列動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. would visit2. has kept10. The boy(

26、read) a story book now.3. died, has been dead4. was cooking5. would show 或者 had shown6. are washed7. Have returned; are having8. rained has stopped9. kept10. is reading（六）掌握情態(tài)動詞 can, must, need, may等基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)及主要用法情態(tài)動詞在英文中是輔助性”動詞，用來表示說話人的語氣或情態(tài)，包括請求、命令、允諾、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、義務(wù)、能力等。情態(tài)動詞本身有詞義，但詞義不完全， 不能單獨(dú)用作謂語，沒有人

27、稱和數(shù)的變化，且后面只跟動詞原形。情態(tài)動詞的種類：(1)表示體力或腦力方面的能力”，也能表示根據(jù)客觀條件能做某事的能力The boy can swim very well.Who can answer this question?(2)表不允許The students can leave after the meeting.When can I get the news?(3)表示推測It can be wrong.Who can your new teacher next term?could的用法(1) can的過去式，表示過去有能力及過去的可能性。They could run very

28、fast when they were young.Could you speak English at that time?(2)表示客氣地請求或委婉地陳述意見。Could I borrow your bike?Could you listen to me carefully?(3)表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度How could that be?She couldn t know me.must的用法(1) .表示義務(wù)，命令或必要You must finish it before 5 o clock.Must I hand it in now?(2) .表示肯定的推測：一定She must

29、be a pretty girl.You must be wrong.need的用法(1)表示 需要，必須”，主要用于否定句和疑問句中。We need to pay more attention.Need I call him for you? 2） need引導(dǎo)的疑問肯定回答時(shí)多用must,否定回答時(shí)用neednNeed he come? 他必須來嗎？Yes, he must.是的，必須來。No, he needn 不，他不必來。 t. may 的用法（ 1）表示請求、許可、可以May I ask you some questions?May we start now?（ 2）表示推測說話人

30、的猜測，認(rèn)為某一事情“或許 ”或 “可能 ”發(fā)生。He may be 25 years old.We may come back in three days. 3） 3） may 用于感嘆句中可以表示祝愿或愿望。May you success!May you have a nice trip ！ should 的用法should 意思是 “應(yīng)該 ”，表示勸告或建議（=ought to）Who should I meet this afternoon?You should pack you bag quickly.（七） 了解一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)三種時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式及其基本

31、用法被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。一般說來，只有需要?jiǎng)幼鲗ο蟮募拔飫釉~才有被動語態(tài)。漢語往往用 被“、受“、給”等詞來表示被動意義。被動語態(tài)由 助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞（p.p.） ”構(gòu)成。被動語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化只改變be 的形式，過去分詞部分不變。疑問式和否定式的變化亦如此。1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動語態(tài)（am/ is/ are +done）English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的許多人都說英語。Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都舉行班會。The classroom is cle

32、aned by the students every day. 學(xué)生們每天都打掃教室。2一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)（was/ were +done）The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那個(gè)男孩打碎了。He was saved at last. 他最終獲救了。My bike was stolen. 我的自行車被偷了。3一般將來時(shí)的被動語態(tài)（will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done）A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一個(gè)演講。A new road will be built

33、 next year. 明年要修一條新馬路。I think thousands of people will be helped. 我認(rèn)為將有數(shù)千人得到幫助。（八）了解含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式及其基本用法情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞；其時(shí)態(tài)及句型的變化僅由情態(tài)動詞完成，“be過去分詞”部分不變。如：Tables can be made of stone桌子可由石頭制造。Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那時(shí)桌子可由石頭制造。（一般過去時(shí)）Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石頭制造

34、嗎？（疑問句）（九）掌握句子主謂一致的基本原則（此處略。見第七期）（十）動詞不定式的基本用法動詞不定式在句子中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語（包括目的狀語，結(jié)果狀語和原因狀語。）1）作主語To dance with you makes me happy.和你跳舞令我高興。It is difficult to drive in the mountains. （=To drive in the mountains is difficult.）在山里開車很困難。2）作賓語 后接不定式作賓語的及物動詞多是表示“意愿 ”、 “企圖 ”等的動詞，如：hope, want, wish, desir

35、e, like, decide, try ， promise, refuse.I want to talk with her.我想和她談?wù)?。She has decided to go她已決定要走。 在feel, find, think, consider, made等動詞后如果是不定式作賓語，而補(bǔ)語是形容詞,則通常用it作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語即不定式移至形容詞之后。如：I find it impossible to forget her.我發(fā)現(xiàn)忘掉她是不可能的。He thought it necessary to take an umbrella.他認(rèn)為帶把傘是必要的。3）作表語Her w

36、ish is to be a teacher.他的愿望是成為一名教師。Your duty is to clean the classroom.你的任務(wù)是打掃教室。4）作賓語補(bǔ)足語He wants me to come earlier.他想要我來得更早些。The policeman ordered them to turn around.警察命令他們轉(zhuǎn)過身。5）作目的狀語：She opened the window to let some fresh air in.她打開窗子好讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)來。I went there to see her yesterday.昨天我去那兒看她了。6）作結(jié)果狀語：

37、He is too tired to go any further.他太累了，不能再走了。He is not old enough to join the army.他年齡太小，不能參軍。7）作原因狀語：不定式跟在表示 喜、怒、哀、樂”的形容詞之后，可以表示引起這些情感的原因。I m sorry to trouble yoiA抱歉給你帶來麻煩。I m glad to see yofi!到你真高興。二、鞏固練習(xí)一、單項(xiàng)選擇1. He had his lunch already.A. will B. would C. has D. have2. Mary speak English before

38、she left for England.A. can B. was able to C. could D. had been able to3. I your help. I can do it myself.A. needn t B. don t need to C. need D. don t need4. some more tea now?A. Do you like B. Will you likeC. Would you like D. Should you like5. 一 you the book to the library? Yes, I borrowed another

39、 one a moment ago.A. Do, return B. Are, returningC. Will, return D. Have, returned6. Don t go to see him. He_changed his mindA. is B. was C. will D. has7. 一 How many timesyour uncle been to Beijing? Twice.A. has B. have C. does D. did8. My boy, you talk to your father like that.A. won tB. hasn t to

40、C. shouldn D. has to9. give me a cup of water, Mary?A. Shall you please B. Will you pleaseC. Please youD. Please do you10. I work out the maths problem yesterday, but I can work it out now.A. can tB. couldn tC. may not D. needn t11. Since you are very tired, you do it today.A. needn t B. don t need

41、C. needn t to D. not need12. Li Li get up at 7:30.A. used to B. used C. was used to D. uses to13. You answer this question.A. haven t to B. don t have to C. don t needD. needn t to 14. It was a cold night. An old man under a chair in the park.A. is lying 15. You A.need16.一B. was lying C. has lying g

42、o with us at once.B. shouldC. wouldI watch TV after dinner, Mum?D. will lieD. could No, you.A. May; mustn t B. May; don tC. May; won t D. Must; mustn 17. Oh, sorry. I you in Shanghai.A. don t know areB. didn t know wereC. don t know wereD. haven t known - are18. The PRCin 1949.A. was found B. found

43、C. was founded D. founded 19. Is Xiao Li in the classroom?-No, he there. I saw him in the reading room just now.A. can t be B. mustn t beC. is D. needn t20. Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?A. Yes, we shall C. Yes, you will21. NobodyA. can, try22.”B. Yes, you shallD. All rightdo it. Let me .B. can t,

44、 to try C. can, to tryyou likebananas to eat?A. Would, some B. Will, any C. Could, anyD. can t, trying “Yes, please.D. Can, some23. “ Can you answer this question in English? ” Sorry, II borrow your dictionary? ” Certain ly, here you are.A. needn tB. may not C. can tD. mustn tyou write a bit clearly

45、?A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall 25. I see the words on the blackboard.A. mustn t, CanB. don t, willC. can t, CanD. needn t, Could26. ItA. cantakenccsBt with you.s a sunny day today. Yout B. mustn tC. needn tD. can27. I ve looked for my pen everywhere, but I find it.A. couldn tB. can t C. mustn tD.

46、didn tI speak to Ann? ” Speaking.A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall29. The science book good care of.A. must be take B. must take C. must be taken D. must to be taken30. The stars in the daytime.A. can t be seB can t seeC. can t be sawD. can t be seen 二、用方框內(nèi)的情態(tài)動詞填空（每詞只用一次）need, needn t, can,can t, shal

47、l, shouldn，tmay, must, mustn t, have to, would1. Ishow him the way,I?2. Can you answer this question in French? No, I3. May I keep the book for three weeks? No, you4. Nobody live without air or water.5. You not worry. Everything will be all right.6. I have some chocolates now?-No, you mustn，t.8. I9.10.7. Children be left alone.finish my homework before I go to bed.od idea.gowe go out for a walk? That .you like some fish?三、把下列句子改為被動語態(tài)1. I saw the boy run yesterday.2. He told me that he would come back soon.3. You can find a lot of differences betw