高二英語第單元現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語語法課件新人教版選修

1、The Present Participle as Adverbial （現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語）現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語）-ing分詞的構(gòu)成分詞的構(gòu)成-ing分詞是由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾分詞是由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾-ing構(gòu)成，表示與構(gòu)成，表示與主語主動(dòng)關(guān)系。主語主動(dòng)關(guān)系。-ing分詞同樣有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變分詞同樣有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，通常有下表幾種形式（以化，通常有下表幾種形式（以do為例）：為例）：主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式 doingbeingdone完成式 havingdonehavingbeendone，完成所表示的時(shí)間在主句的動(dòng)作之前表示被動(dòng)可直接用過去分詞V+ed-ing分詞的一般式和完成式：分詞的一般式和完成式：

2、-ing分詞的一般式的動(dòng)作表示和后面句子的動(dòng)分詞的一般式的動(dòng)作表示和后面句子的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；完成式的動(dòng)作是先于作是同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；完成式的動(dòng)作是先于后面句子的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。如：后面句子的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。如： Being a student, he was interested in books. 作為一個(gè)學(xué)生，他對(duì)書本很感興趣。作為一個(gè)學(xué)生，他對(duì)書本很感興趣。 Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因?yàn)闆]有努力學(xué)習(xí)因?yàn)闆]有努力學(xué)習(xí)功課，他考試不及格。功課，他考試不及格。-ing分詞的否定形式是由

3、分詞的否定形式是由not /never加加-ing分詞構(gòu)成分詞構(gòu)成。如：。如： Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等著。不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等著。-ing分詞的被動(dòng)式分詞的被動(dòng)式-ing分詞的被動(dòng)式表示與后面句子的主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。根據(jù)-ing分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，被動(dòng)式有一般被動(dòng)式(beingdone)和完成被動(dòng)式(havingbeendone)。如：（Havingbeencriticized）bytheteacher,hegaveupsmoking.被

4、老師批評(píng)以后，他把煙戒了。-ing分詞作狀語可以表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語-ing分詞短語作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從分詞短語作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，。注意：句，。注意：1現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與主句的現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與主句的動(dòng)作一般是同時(shí)發(fā)生有時(shí)可由連詞動(dòng)作一般是同時(shí)發(fā)生有時(shí)可由連詞when, while引出。引出。2現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作就立即發(fā)生時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞一般位于句首。動(dòng)作就立即發(fā)生時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞一般位于句首。 如如：Whilereadingthebook,henod

5、dedfromtimetotime.他一邊看書，一邊不時(shí)地點(diǎn)頭。Seeingthosepictures,sherememberedherchildhood.看到那些畫，他想起了她的童年。-ing分詞短語作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原分詞短語作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句。如因狀語從句。如：Notknowinghisaddress,Icantsendthisbooktohim.因?yàn)椴恢浪牡刂罚也荒馨堰@本書送給他。Beingsoexcited,Manyofuscouldntgotosleepthatnight.因?yàn)榉浅＜?dòng)，那晚我們?cè)S多人都沒睡著ing分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。如：分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語

6、。如：His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父親死了，留給他許多錢。他父親死了，留給他許多錢。She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces. 她非常生氣，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成她非常生氣，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。了碎片。The song is sung all over the country, making it the most popular song.-ing分詞作伴隨狀語，可以放在句子的前面、分詞作伴隨狀語，可

7、以放在句子的前面、后面或中間，表示主語的另一個(gè)、較次要后面或中間，表示主語的另一個(gè)、較次要的動(dòng)作。如：的動(dòng)作。如：Theystoodthereforhalfanhourwatchingthestarsinthesky.他們?cè)谀莾赫玖税胄r(shí)，觀察著天上的星星。Followingtheoldman,theyoungpeoplestartedwalkingslowly.年輕人跟在老人的后面開始慢慢地走起來。-ing分詞間或也可作條件狀語和讓步分詞間或也可作條件狀語和讓步狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句。狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句。如：Using your head, you will find a way.K

8、nowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 盡管知道了一切情況，他們還盡管知道了一切情況，他們還是要我賠償損失。是要我賠償損失。 注：注：-ing分詞作狀語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語就分詞作狀語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語就是整個(gè)句子的主語。是整個(gè)句子的主語。獨(dú)立成分：獨(dú)立成分：有些分詞短語可以做獨(dú)立成分，用來解釋整個(gè)句子，不受有些分詞短語可以做獨(dú)立成分，用來解釋整個(gè)句子，不受句子主語的限制。常見的分詞短語有：句子主語的限制。常見的分詞短語有：generally(frankly,honestly) speaking, supposing (假設(shè)假設(shè)), jud

9、ging from(從從判斷判斷), talking of（談到談到), speaking of（談到）談到）等。等。Generally speaking, girls are more careful than boys. Supposing you lose, what will you do?Judging from his accent, he must be from the north.Talking of travel, have you ever been to Beijing?1 1、分詞、分詞 ( (短語短語) ) 作狀語時(shí)作狀語時(shí), , 前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的主語是同

10、一個(gè)人。的主語是同一個(gè)人。2 、分詞短語做狀語時(shí)，前面可以加上連詞或介、分詞短語做狀語時(shí)，前面可以加上連詞或介詞，但是分詞短語和句子之間不能用并列連詞詞，但是分詞短語和句子之間不能用并列連詞(如如but，and)，分詞和主句之間可用逗號(hào)。分詞和主句之間可用逗號(hào)。 使用使用- ing形式需注意的形式需注意的4個(gè)問題個(gè)問題.3、用、用V+ing一般式一般式 還是還是Having+done完成式，完成式，要看前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作有沒明顯的先后順序，在要看前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作有沒明顯的先后順序，在可能引起誤解的場(chǎng)合應(yīng)該用完成式現(xiàn)在分詞可能引起誤解的場(chǎng)合應(yīng)該用完成式現(xiàn)在分詞表示先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。表示先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。4、分詞的

11、否定形式是在分詞短語前面加上、分詞的否定形式是在分詞短語前面加上 not, never等否定詞構(gòu)成。等否定詞構(gòu)成。 After he heard a strong sound, he went out of the room for a look.= Hearing a strange sound, he went out of . As the girl was seriously ill, she was taken to hospital immediately.Being seriously ill, the girl was taken to .be - being As she d

12、idnt know any French, she couldnt get any one to help her.Not knowing any French, she couldnt get any one to help her.Consolidation The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparingC. prepared D. was preparing2. European football is played in 80

13、countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world.A. making B. makes C. made D. to make3.”Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice.A. angrily pointing B. and point angrilyC. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing4. _ a reply, he decided to write again. Not receiving B. Receiving not Not having r

14、eceived D. Having not received5The missing singer was last seen _ the voice close to the bridge Aexercising Bto be exercising Cexercise Dto exercise 6.The directors discussed the project that they would like to see _ the next year Acarry out Bcarrying out Ccarried out Dto carry out7._theclassroom,th

15、estudentswenttotheplaygroundtowatchthefootballmatch.A.TocleanB.HavingcleanedC.CleanedD.Cleaning8.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor_Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.“A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading9._fromwhathesaid,hemustbethethiefwhohasstolenthecar.A.JudgingB.JudgedC.TojudgeD.Judge10._fortheterribleaccident,asthepublicthought,themayorfeltnervous