級(jí)高一英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)解題技巧

1、高2018級(jí)英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)解題技巧 一、綜觀近幾年高考短文改錯(cuò)題，命題形式有： “缺詞”為12處； “多詞”，一般為12處； “錯(cuò)詞”為7-9處； 二、短文改錯(cuò)常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)設(shè)置： 1.考點(diǎn)設(shè)置之名詞命題特點(diǎn):本來(lái)用復(fù)數(shù),卻用單數(shù).改正方法:(1)根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份;(2)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系. 詳解：1). She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.（schoolmate改為schoolmates）2). After class we become stranger at once.（stranger改為stranger

2、s）3). They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill get marks in all my subject.（subject改為subjects）4). On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.（picture改為pictures）5). There are advantage for students to work while studying at school.（advantage改為advant

3、ages）6). He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.（ideas改為idea）7). I looked at his other hands. （hands改為hand）2.考點(diǎn)設(shè)置之代詞命題特點(diǎn)：1.女性代詞指代男性或相反；2.單數(shù)指代復(fù)數(shù)；3.代詞詞性誤用。改正方法：聯(lián)系上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。代詞的錯(cuò)誤特點(diǎn)：1.人稱代詞的偷換錯(cuò)誤 2. 缺少人稱代詞的錯(cuò)誤 3. 人稱代詞數(shù)的一致問(wèn)題 4. 人稱代詞格的一致問(wèn)題詳解：1). The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (h

4、is改為their)2). I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei. ( whos改為whose)3). It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited.（them改為us）4). Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English .（me改為myself）

5、5). One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher .（showed后加it）6). Some students may also save up for our college or future use .（our改為their） 3.考點(diǎn)設(shè)置之介詞命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：介詞涉及搭配錯(cuò)誤，因此可從以下方面確定錯(cuò)誤：1）介詞的基本用法；2）習(xí)慣搭配；3）動(dòng)詞詞類確定錯(cuò)誤，如talk, serve, wait等。介詞短語(yǔ)常常考，固定搭配要記牢。介詞后邊跟賓語(yǔ)，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境細(xì)推敲。詳解：1). We do not seem to ge

6、t much time to talk about together.（去掉about）2). I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. （去掉at）3). The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.（去掉was后的in）4). Well talk with our plan for the weekend over dinn

7、er.（with改為about）5). I am writing to thank you with your kind help. （with改為for）6). He was looking for a glass the cupboard. （glass后加in）7). Each these lines stands for a trouble in my life. （each后加of）4.考點(diǎn)設(shè)置之時(shí)態(tài)命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：現(xiàn)在時(shí)與過(guò)去時(shí)的誤用，句中一般沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。每年都考。要注意聯(lián)系上下文，著眼于整個(gè)語(yǔ)篇的時(shí)態(tài)。通常整篇都是過(guò)去，突然一個(gè)句子用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。其中又以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)互改為

8、多。詳解：1). They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that-（did改為do）2). The time passes quickly. Evening came.（passes改為passed）3). She liked it very much and reads it to the class.（reads改為read）4). I dont know that they dont like to talk with me. Som

9、etimes, we talked to each other very well in class.（talked改為talk）5). I will write again and send you the photos we take together.（take改為took）6). We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel ago.（have改為had）5.andbutor誤用及前后不一致命題特點(diǎn)：主要考查and、or、but、so等并列連詞的誤用。 改正方法；1）根據(jù)句意確定誤； 2）根據(jù)句子的邏輯關(guān)

10、系確定錯(cuò)誤。詳解：1). She is smiling at me but nodding at me.（but改為and）2). It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.（and改為or）3). The food was expensive and the service was good.（and改為but）4). I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the li

11、ght.（but改為and）5). We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.（visiting改為visited）6). She liked it very much and reads it to the class.（reads改為read）6.考點(diǎn)設(shè)置之從句連詞命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面的錯(cuò)誤主要涉及句子成份和復(fù)合句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞等。解答這類題從以下方面來(lái)思考：1）句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）復(fù)合句中連接主句和從句的關(guān)系詞或引導(dǎo)詞的運(yùn)用是否得當(dāng)?shù)?。詳解?). .It was about noon we arrived

12、at the foot of the mountain.（noon后加when）2). I don t know that they don t like to talk with me.（that改為why）3). The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate everything into English.（去掉that前的in）4). Earning their own money allows them to spend on anything as if they ple

13、ase.（去掉if）5). They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning.（去掉that）7.考點(diǎn)設(shè)置之冠詞命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：英語(yǔ)中冠詞只有三個(gè)，只能從以下幾個(gè)方向出題：1）不定冠詞a和an互改；2）不定冠詞a或an和定冠詞the互改；3）根據(jù)需要增刪冠詞。詳解：1). As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. （famous前加a）2). We may be on

14、e family and live under a same roof, but-（a改為the）3). On Thursday I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend.（a改為the）4). I hope youve had pleasant journey home （had后加a）8.考點(diǎn)設(shè)置之形容詞和副詞命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：主要考查形容詞和副詞的誤用、形容詞及副詞的比較級(jí)等。1）根據(jù)adj.或adv.的基本用法確定錯(cuò)誤；2）修飾連系動(dòng)詞或名詞用形容詞；3）修飾行為動(dòng)詞、形容詞、過(guò)去分詞及整個(gè)句子用副詞。詳解：1).

15、I would describe myself as shy and quietly.（quietly改為quiet）2). There have been reports in America about people trying to steal person information for bad purposes.（person改為personal）3). Finding information on the Net is easily.（easily改為easy）4). So what I learned from the job was much more important a

16、s what I earned.（as改為than）5). My pronunciation was terribly .（terribly改為terrible）6). They came back lately and had some tea.（lately改為late）9.考點(diǎn)設(shè)置之非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞命題特點(diǎn)改正方法：1）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)用；2）動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞的錯(cuò)用；3）現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的錯(cuò)用等。詳解：1). Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything as they please.（allow改為allows）2

17、). My parents will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.（make前加to）3). Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English.（talk改為talking）4). We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.（visiting改為visited）5). Some students may als

18、o to save up for our college or future use.（去掉to）二、短文改錯(cuò)口訣動(dòng)詞形，名詞數(shù)，還要注意形和副；非謂語(yǔ)，細(xì)辨別，習(xí)慣用法要記住；句子成分多分析，邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注；冠詞連詞常光顧.詳解：（一）動(dòng)詞形：主要包括兩類錯(cuò)誤：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。動(dòng)詞形常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤：1） 一般過(guò)去時(shí)與一般 現(xiàn)在時(shí)錯(cuò)用。2）第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯(cuò)用。 2） and 前后動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致。(and具有對(duì)稱性） 4） 主謂不一致。5） 缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（尤其缺be動(dòng)詞） 6） 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)用 7）Used to 的運(yùn)用錯(cuò)誤 （二）名詞數(shù)：指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用

19、法錯(cuò)誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。改正方法：）根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份）根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系（三）還要注意形和副：注意形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯(cuò)題的?？键c(diǎn)。命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：主要考查形容詞和副詞的誤用、形容詞及副詞的比較級(jí)等。根據(jù)adj或adv的基本用法確定錯(cuò)誤；修飾連系動(dòng)詞或名詞用形容詞；修飾行為動(dòng)詞、形容詞、過(guò)去分詞及整個(gè)句子用副詞。（四）非謂語(yǔ)，細(xì)辨別：這是考查最多的錯(cuò)誤形式之一。主要有現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞，動(dòng)名詞和不定式錯(cuò)誤。1）不定式2）動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)3）and 連接的不定式或動(dòng)名詞前后一致（尤其距離較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)） 4）現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別等。（五）

20、習(xí)慣用法要記?。褐饕疾榱?xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，其錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭配錯(cuò)誤。（六）句子成分多分析：不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類；不同的語(yǔ)境要選擇不同的詞語(yǔ)。只有對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和成分作細(xì)致的分析，才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤。（七）邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注：與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，屬于邏輯性錯(cuò)誤，如稱謂上的張冠李戴。（八）冠詞連詞常光顧：常考的錯(cuò)誤形式有：連詞but， and， or和so的用法錯(cuò)誤，以及冠詞的用法錯(cuò)誤等。三.短文改錯(cuò)小結(jié) 做短文改錯(cuò)應(yīng)采取六個(gè)步驟和四不改。六個(gè)步驟：（1）通讀短文，整體把握短文大意。 （2）細(xì)讀全文，逐句分析，把握結(jié)構(gòu)，逐一作答。（3）粗略分析詞法、

21、句法、邏輯上是否有問(wèn)題。 （4）逐行修改，先易后難。（5）復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案。 （6）要注意答題是否合乎規(guī)范。四不改:標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不改。大小寫不改。詞序錯(cuò)誤不改（不是不改，而是按錯(cuò)詞或少詞來(lái)改)。在綱外生詞不改。文中出現(xiàn)帶漢語(yǔ)注釋的詞，在句中不可能用錯(cuò).附：?jiǎn)尉涓腻e(cuò)練習(xí)練習(xí)一：1. It took Jack two hours climb the mountain . _ 2. The tomatoes I picked are much more redder than yours . _ 3. They have never had the chance to be there ago . _

22、 4. Though he is old , but my grandpa works on the farm . _ 5. You are terrible ill . Youd better stay in bed . _ 6. The nearest village is about one hundred miles far away . _ 7. I dont like going out lonely after dark . _ 8. Im fed up waiting for her letter . _ 9. Birds flew back because the fine

23、environment . _ 10. The students entered into the classroom one by one . _ 練習(xí)二：1. His story is more interesting as my sisters . _ 2. Please return my dictionary back soon . _ 3. When he heard the news , he got angrily . _ 4. They have some problems solve . _ 5. Tom was just falling asleep then the t

24、elephone rang . _ 6. Sometimes we take walk by the river . _ 7. Mr More took well care of his car . _ 8. We are going to Hainan the next holiday . _ 9. I dont agree to you , twins . _ 10. Though children are young , they should be listened carefully . _ 練習(xí)三：1. The monkeys climbed the trees quick . _

25、 2. I dont think he can be on time , can I ? _ 3. Everyone in our class like take-away food . _ 4. The twins didnt feel well , but they didnt come . _ 5. Jacks uncle joined in the army three years ago . _ 6. Could you give me anything to eat ? _ 7. It was too hot last night that I couldnt sleep well

26、 . _ 8. To have a twin brother is little strange . _ 9. There is going to have a dolphin show in the zoo . _ 10. Could you repeat it again , please ? _ 練習(xí)四：1. Can you guess how many years I have been to this city ? _ 2. Surfing looks so excited that I want to have a try . _ 3. To make a lot noise at

27、 night is not polite . _ 4. There will have a strong wind to the north of Huai River . _ 5. The number of the students in our school are more than 2,000 . _ 6. The poor man needs a house to live . _ 7. His clothes have washed by his mother . _ 8. He said that he had been in Beijing many years . _ 9.

28、 Hunan is by the south of Hubei . _ 10. There was fire in the supermarket near our school last night . _ 練習(xí)五：1. Though he is a five-year-old boy , but he can play computer very well . _ 2. My brother will phone me as soon as he get there . _ 3. English is most widely spoken language all over the wor

29、ld . _ 4. Its very kind for you to help carry the bag . _ 5. Twenty miles are quite a long way to go . _ 6. The Class 2 students are planting trees on both side of the street . _ 7. There is going to have a sports meeting before National Day . _ 8. A horse isnt as bigger as an elephant . _ 9. Its ha

30、rd for him to do so many homework in one day . _ 10. Edison thought for a while and came up with a idea .練習(xí)六：1. Three fifths of the books here is mine. _2. Your clothes should always be kept cleanly and tidy. _3. Tom said he was feeling even worst. _4. Father told me that light travelled faster than

31、 sound. _5. In our everyday life we see much moving things. _6. Which floor does your mother live ? _ 7. The heavy snow made him to feel worried about his sheep . _ 8. The boys are often told not play football in the street . _ 9. Remember to go to the post office and send this letters . _ 10. There

32、 is going to have a concert tomorrow . _ 練習(xí)七：1. Ann didn't know how work out the problem in class. _2. Why not ask for help when you were with trouble? _3. Look! What happy the children are in the garden! _ 4. We have learned English since two years and a half. _5. I'll go back home as soon

33、as school will be over. _6. You'd better speak as more English as you can. _ 7. With my help, he finished made the kite at last. _ 8. Father tells his son how far is it from the earth to the moon . _9. Neither you nor I were sending e-mails then _ 10. A friend of him went to Japan last Sunday _

34、練習(xí)八：1.None of us have been to Bondi Beach. _2.Everyone should make a contribution to protect the environment. _3.I couldnt fall sleep last night ._4.The number of students in our school is more than two thousands. _5.Mary or her brother are going to visit the Great Wall soon. _6.What do you mean at

35、“relative”? _7.He was made tell everything. _8.This pair of glasses are a little expensive. _9.How long do you go to see your grandfather ? Once a week. _10.Look at these Germen . How happy they are ! _練習(xí)九：1. Dick is afraid of meet the boss. _2. Jim says that he has come in China for over three year

36、s . _3. Man ,like animals and plants, also need sunlight. _4. Mum often tells me dont stay up too late . _ 5. Girls had better not to walk alone at night. _ 6. She is enough old to go to school. _7. You must finish to do your homework during your holiday. _ 8. It took me about half an hour doing my

37、homework yesterday. _ 9. She says she would go to the cinema with her parents that evening. _ 10. Ill return the book to the library as soon as I will finish reading it. _練習(xí)十：1. Dick is afraid of meet the boss _2. .Neither of them are a farmer. 3. Man ,like animals and plants, also need sunlight. _4

38、. Mum often tells me dont stay up too late . _5. Girls had better not to walk alone at night. _6. She is enough old to go to school. _7. You must finish to do your homework during your holiday. _8. It took me about half an hour doing my homework yesterday. _9. She says she would go to the cinema wit

39、h her parents that evening. _10. Ill return the book to the library as soon as I will finish reading it. _參考答案Keys1:1. climb _ to climb 2. much more redder _ much redder3. ago _ before 4. but _去掉 5. terrible _ terribly 6. far away _ away 7. lonely _ alone 8. fed up _ fed up with 9. because _ because

40、 of 10. entered into _ entered Keys2:1. more interesting as _ as interesting as / more interesting than 2. return my dictionary back _ return my dictionary 3. angrily _ angry 4. solve_ to solve5. then _ when 6. take walk _ take a walk 7. well _ good 8. the next holiday _ next holiday 9. agree to _ a

41、gree with 10. listened _ listened to Keys3:1. quick _ quickly 2. can I _ can he 3. like _ likes 4. but _ and / so 5. joined in _ joined 6. anything _ something 7. too _ so 8. little _ a little 9. have _ be 10. repeat it again _ repeat it Keys4:1. to this city _ in this city 2. excited _ exciting 3.

42、a lot _ a lot of 4. have _ be 5. are _ is 6. live _ live in 7. have washed _ have been washed 8. in Beijing _ to Beijing 9. by _ to 10. fire _ a fireKeys5:1. 去掉but or though 2. get- gets 3. most _ the most 4. for of 5. are is 6. side sides / both each or either 7. have be 8. bigger big 9. many much

43、10. a an Keys6:1. isare 2. cleanlyclean 3. worstworse 4. travelledtravels 5. muchmany 6. live _ live on 7. to feel _ feel 8. not play _ not to play 9. this _ these 10. have _ be Keys7:1. how work out _how to work out 2. with _in 3. What _ How4. since _for 5. will be _is 6. more _much 7. made _making

44、8. is it _it is 9. were _ was 10. him _his Keys8:1. have _ has2. protect _ protecting 3. sleep _ asleep4. thousands _ thousand5. are _ is 6. at _ by 7. tell _ to tell 8. are _ is 9. How long _ How often10. Germen _GermansKeys9:1. of _ to 2. come _ been 3. need _ needs 4. dont _ not to 5. to walk _ w

45、alk 6. enough old _ old enough 7. to do _ doing 8, doing _ to do 9. says _ said 10. will finish _ finish Keys10:1. of _ to 2. are _is 3. need _ needs 4. dont _ not to 5. to walk _ walk 6. enough old _ old enough 7. to do _ doing 8. doing _ to do 9. says _ said 10. will finish _ finish一，名詞1. I havent

46、 lived here long, but I have a great many friend here. 2. Two Germen are going to give us a speech on the history of literature. 3. A house built of bricks lasts longer than the one that is made of woods. 4. We have made more progresses in English study than last term. 5. -What can I do for you? -Tw

47、o tea, please. (teas)6. Yesterday afternoon he told me about his experience as a young man. 7. The Smith think it all right to buy their daughter the MP4 player as a birthday gift. 8. This term physics are taught by Mr. Zhang in our school. 9. It is great pleasure to talk with you about the maths pr

48、oblem. 10. He has finished a days work in six hour. 二，冠詞11. My friend Mary comes from an European country. 12. Helen has tried twice in the experiment and she is asked to have the third try. 13. All of the sudden the crazy grabbed me around the neck. 14. I keep a dog; a dog is called Jack. 15. The b

49、oy of no more than four years old can play piano very beautifully. 16. Of all the boys, Alan is best students who speaks Spanish. 17. The young should respect old. 18. The accident took place in winter of the year 2010. 19. He was made the monitor of our class. 20. We all know the man is the most developed animal in the world. 21. When we went away, we took