高一過(guò)渡動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、常見(jiàn)常用英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)形式如下常見(jiàn)常用英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)形式如下(以以study為例為例)： 一般時(shí)一般時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)完成時(shí)完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在Studystudies am studyingis studyingare studying have studiedhas studied 過(guò)去過(guò)去studied was studyingwere studying had studied 將來(lái)將來(lái)shall studywill study shall be studyingwill be studying(了解了解)shall have studiedwill have studied （了解）（了解）過(guò)去過(guò)去將來(lái)將來(lái)

2、should studywould study should be studyingwould be studying （了解）（了解）should have studiedwould have studied （了解）（了解）一、用恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)完成句子，每空一詞1.Nancy often _ (go) swimming in summer.2.She _ (join) the school dancing club last year.3.Listen! Someone _ (sing) in the next room.4.Mom _ (cook) when I got home yeste

3、rday.5.I want to know what the earth _ (be) like in 100years.6._ you ever _ (be) to Guangzhou?Yes.I have been there twice.goes joined is singing was cooking will be Have been 句子種類(lèi)句子種類(lèi)含含 be 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞含行為動(dòng)詞含行為動(dòng)詞(study為例為例)肯定句肯定句主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)am/is/are其他其他主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)study/studies其其他他否定句否定句主主 語(yǔ)語(yǔ) am/is/are not其他其他主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)do/doesno

4、t study其他其他一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句Am/Is/Are 主主 語(yǔ)語(yǔ) 其他？其他？Do/Does主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)study其他？其他？動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1結(jié)構(gòu)2.用法(1)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與 seldom, often,usually, always, sometimes, every day, on Sundays 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：用。如：I go to school at seven every day.我每天七點(diǎn)上學(xué)。我每天七點(diǎn)上學(xué)。(2)表示客觀真理和科學(xué)事表示客觀真理和科學(xué)事實(shí)。如：實(shí)。如：The earth mov

5、es around the sun.地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。(3)在在when, while, after, before, until等等時(shí)間和時(shí)間和if條件狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句中代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。（即中代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。（即 主將從現(xiàn)主將從現(xiàn)）如：）如：Ill go shopping with my mother if she is free tomorrow. 如果明天我媽媽有空，我將和她去購(gòu)物。如果明天我媽媽有空，我將和她去購(gòu)物。 4) 表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，可以與表表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，可以與表示未來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)搭配使用示未來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)搭配使用

6、。常見(jiàn)的用法是：飛機(jī)、火。常見(jiàn)的用法是：飛機(jī)、火車(chē)、輪船、汽車(chē)等定期定點(diǎn)運(yùn)行的交通方式車(chē)、輪船、汽車(chē)等定期定點(diǎn)運(yùn)行的交通方式。 The next train leaves at 3 oclock this afternoon. （下一趟火車(chē)今天下午（下一趟火車(chē)今天下午3點(diǎn)開(kāi)車(chē)點(diǎn)開(kāi)車(chē) How often does this bus run? （這班車(chē)多久一趟？）（這班車(chē)多久一趟？） 種類(lèi)構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況直接加-sworkworks stopstopslooklooks readreads以 s, x, o, ch, sh結(jié)尾的詞加-esmissmisses fixfixeswatchwatc

7、hes dodoes以 “ 輔 音 字 母y”結(jié)尾的詞把 y 變 i ，再加-escrycries hurryhurriesdrydries carrycarries3動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式的變化規(guī)則注意：(1)be 動(dòng)詞的三種形式：am, is, are(2)特殊：havehas典題分析題(2012年大理 )What does your mother do to keephealthy, Tim?She usually _.A.swimC.is swimmingBswimsDto swim 點(diǎn)撥 選B 。句意：“蒂姆， 你母親做什么來(lái)保持健康？”“她通常游泳?！备鶕?jù)句意和副詞usually可

8、知本題應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故選B。用法例句表示過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)His friend was at work yesterday.他的朋友昨天在工作。表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作， 常與 often, always 等表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用We often went to work by bus lastyear. 去年我們經(jīng)常乘公共汽車(chē)上班。一般過(guò)去時(shí)1結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式其他2用法時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just no

9、w, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況直接加-edrainrained cleancleanedwatchwatched以不發(fā)音字母 e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只加-dlivelived likelikedmovemoved以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母，再加-eddropdropped stopstoppedplanplanned以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)變 y為 i 再加-edcarrycarried studystudiedcrycried3.動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的變化

10、規(guī)則規(guī)則動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的變化規(guī)律性不強(qiáng)，只能分別記憶。典題分析題(2014 年長(zhǎng)沙)Your brother is an excellent basketballplayer.So he is.He _ to play basketball three years ago.Ahas startedBstartsCstarted點(diǎn)撥選C。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) three years ago可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí) started，故選C。用法例句表示目前正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與now, at the moment 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。當(dāng)有 listen, look 等提示詞時(shí)，后面的句子常用

11、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)Listen! She is singing in the nextroom. 聽(tīng)！她正在隔壁房間唱歌。表示一個(gè)時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作We are going over the lessons thesedays.這些日子我們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)功課。趨向動(dòng)詞 come, go, leave, fly 等用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)They are leaving for Englandtomorrow.他們明天要去英國(guó)。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)am/is/are動(dòng)詞-ing 形式其他2用法構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況在詞尾加-inglistenlistening dodoingstudystudying以不發(fā)音字母

12、 e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去 e 加-inghavehaving makemaking以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母，再加-ingrunrunning getgettingbeginbeginning以字母 ie 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變 ie 為y 再加-ingdiedying lielying3.現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則典題分析題(2013 年舟山)I have to be off now.My friends_ outside.AwaitChave waitedBare waitingDwere waiting點(diǎn)撥選B。have to be off 的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，為了說(shuō)明離開(kāi)的原因，應(yīng)

13、用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，故選B。句意：我現(xiàn)在必須走了。我的朋友們正在外面等著呢。 練習(xí) 1、他正在讀書(shū)、他正在讀書(shū) 2、Look！He his mother do the housework. 看！他正在幫他媽媽做家務(wù)?？?！他正在幫他媽媽做家務(wù)。 3、They in the room.(sing) 4、We (play) games now. 5、Its 10:00 a.p. My mother _ (lie) in the bed.He is reading a book.is helping are singingare playingis lying過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)was/weredoing

14、其他2用法：表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與 at this time yesterday, from 9 to 11 last night 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：I was doing my homework all the morning yesterday.昨天上午我一直在做作業(yè)。題(2013年菏澤 )Linda, I called you this morning, butnobody answered the phone.Im sorry.I _ football with my friends then.AplayCam playingBplayedDwas pla

15、ying點(diǎn)撥選D。句意：“琳達(dá)，今天早晨我給你打電話(huà)了，但是沒(méi)有人接。”“真抱歉，那時(shí)我正在跟朋友們一起踢足球?！北硎具^(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，故選D。典題分析練習(xí)練習(xí) 1、I （have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning. 2、They (not make) a model ship when I saw him. 3、When the bell rang, Jenny (wait) in her seat. 4、She (make) her dress the whole afternoon. 5、My brothe

16、r came into the bedroom while I (dance). 用法例句表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有 soon, next time,tomorrow, from now on 等Fish will die without water.離開(kāi)水，魚(yú)就會(huì)死。表示“主觀意愿，打算”用 begoing to；根據(jù)跡象推測(cè)將要發(fā)生的事情也用 be going toHe is going to learn English nextterm.下學(xué)期他打算學(xué)英語(yǔ)。Look at the black clouds! Its going torain.看那些烏云！馬上要下雨了。一般

17、將來(lái)時(shí)1結(jié)構(gòu)1 主語(yǔ) will/shall動(dòng)詞原形其他2 主語(yǔ)am/is/are going to動(dòng)詞原形其他be to do be about to2用法練習(xí) 1、There a meeting tomorrow afternoon.（明天下午將會(huì)有個(gè)會(huì)議） 2、If they come, we (have) a meeting. 3、He in three days.（他3天后會(huì)回來(lái)） 4、There (is) a birthday party next Sunday. 5、It (take) us a long time to learn English well.典題分析題(2014

18、年安徽)Mr.Wang has left for Guangzhou. He_ a speech there in two days.A givesCwill giveBgaveDhas given點(diǎn)撥選C。句子最后出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞 in two days，“in一段時(shí)間”表將來(lái)，故選C。用法例句表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，可與 just, already, yet, ever, never, before 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用I have seen the filmalready. 我已經(jīng)看過(guò)這部電影了。表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的 動(dòng) 作 或 狀 態(tài) ， 常 與 “since 時(shí)

19、間點(diǎn)”“for時(shí)間段”等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用He has learned Englishfor three years. 他學(xué)英語(yǔ)三年了?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)have/has動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞其他注意：過(guò)去分詞的變化規(guī)則基本與過(guò)去式變化相同，有些特殊變化需單獨(dú)記憶。2用法用法例句have/hasgone to強(qiáng)調(diào)“在去某地的路上或在某地”，人還未回來(lái)Has he gone to Qingdao ？他去青島了嗎？have/hasbeen to強(qiáng)調(diào)“去過(guò)某地”，人已經(jīng)回來(lái)了Have you been to our townbefore ？你以前曾經(jīng)去過(guò)我們鎮(zhèn)嗎？have/hasbeen in強(qiáng) 調(diào) “ 一 直

20、 待 在 某地”，常與一段時(shí)間連用He has been in Guangzhousince 1989.他自從 1989 年就待在廣州了。別(2)have/has gone to, have/has been to 和 have/has been in 的區(qū)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)；一般過(guò)去時(shí)只是說(shuō)明動(dòng)作是在過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻曾經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)。如：He has studied English for five years.他學(xué)英語(yǔ)五年了。(說(shuō)明他現(xiàn)在還在學(xué))He studied English five years ago.他曾學(xué)過(guò)五年英語(yǔ)

21、。(只說(shuō)明他過(guò)去學(xué)過(guò)五年英語(yǔ)，但現(xiàn)在學(xué)不學(xué)就不知道了)一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。(3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別練習(xí)練習(xí) 1、I (spend) all of my money so far. 2、My father (go) to work. 3、Mary (ill) for three days. 4、I (live) here since 1998. 5、She (pass) the exam so far. 6、My father (be) in Shanghai for two months. /since two mont

22、hs ago.題1(2014年長(zhǎng)沙)Jim isnt in the classroom.Where is henow?He _ the library.Awill go toChas gone toBhas been toDgoes to 點(diǎn)撥 選C 。句意：“吉姆不在教室里面，他現(xiàn)在在哪兒？”“他去圖書(shū)館了?！県as gone to 表示現(xiàn)在不在說(shuō)話(huà)的地方，符合句意。故選C。典題分析題2(2012年聊城)Do you know the Englishman?Yes.I _ him for two years.Aget to knowCknewBhave knownDgot to know點(diǎn)撥

23、選B。句意：“你認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)英國(guó)人嗎？”“是的，我已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)他兩年了。”for two years 表明應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選B。六六. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)(had done) 概念：過(guò)去完成時(shí)是表示在過(guò)去某概念：過(guò)去完成時(shí)是表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作、事情。它表示的是發(fā)完成的動(dòng)作、事情。它表示的是發(fā)生在生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去過(guò)去的過(guò)去”的動(dòng)作，只有的動(dòng)作，只有在和過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作相比較的在和過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作相比較的時(shí)候才會(huì)使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。時(shí)候才會(huì)使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：before, by the end of last yea

24、r(term, month),etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had + done. 否定形式：否定形式：had + not + done. 一般疑問(wèn)句：一般疑問(wèn)句：had放于句首放于句首六六. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)(had done) 1. 由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)判定由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)判定 （ 1 ） by + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：點(diǎn)。如： We had learned over two thousan

25、d English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.六六. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)(had done) 2. 由由“過(guò)去的過(guò)去過(guò)去的過(guò)去”來(lái)判定。來(lái)判定。 1）She said that she had seen the film before. 2）After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.我剛回到家，天就下雨了。我剛回到家，

26、天就下雨了。I had just got home when it rained.練習(xí)練習(xí) 1、She (live) here for several years before I knew her. 2、By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I (cook) the dinner already. 3、He asked me during the summer holidays.(他昨天問(wèn)我假期去了哪里） 4、 By the end of last week, they _ (complete) the bridge. 再現(xiàn)中考動(dòng)詞的時(shí)

27、態(tài)題1(2014 年廣東)I didnt see you at the beginning of theparty last night.I _ on my biology report at that time.AworkedCwas workingBworkDam working點(diǎn)撥選C。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)at that time可知是表示在過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)該用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選C。題2(2014年廣東)What do you think of the new foreignteacher Thomson?Pretty good.I think he _ a great job so far.AdoesChas doneBdidDwas done點(diǎn)撥選C。so far (至今為止)表明是描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選C。題3(2012年廣東)Jenny _ in the kitchen when youca