初中英語語法——介詞課件(23張)

1、Look at this picture,what can you see?There are some apples on the tree.There is a bird in the tree.There are some strawberries and flowers under the tree.一、定義一、定義 介詞是一種用來表示:詞與詞, 詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞，在句中不能單獨作句子成分。二、分類二、分類時間介詞時間介詞地點介詞地點介詞方式介詞方式介詞其他介詞（方法、原因、目的）其他介詞（方法、原因、目的）1in年、月、季節(jié)及時間段（早、午、晚）年、月、季節(jié)及時間段（早、午、晚）

2、on具體某一天，星期、節(jié)日具體某一天，星期、節(jié)日at鐘點、節(jié)日、（一段時間）的起點鐘點、節(jié)日、（一段時間）的起點 in the morning/afternoon/evening on Monday in January/February on January fifth in Spring on Christmas Day in 2014 on New Years Day in 2 days/weeks/years on Sunday morning at dawn/daybreak at six at midnight at 4:30 at sixteen/at the age of si

3、xteen at ChristmasLets try! 1.Mygrandfatherwasborn_Oct.10,1935. A.on B.in C.at D.of 2.Thetrainisstarting_fiveminutes. A.in B.at C.for D.still 3. Mikedoeshisexercises_seven_theevening.A.on;toB.at;inC.by;ofD.at;on 4. Childrengetgifts_Christmasand_theirbirthdays.A.on;onB.at;onC.in;inD.in;on 5. Thereisn

4、othing_tomorrowafternoon,isthere? -No.Wecanhaveagameoftabletennis.A.onB.inC.outD.up for一段時間一段時間over 在某個時間一直在某個時間一直. (. (連續(xù)的狀態(tài)連續(xù)的狀態(tài), ,行為等行為等) )某個時間點上發(fā)生或做了某事某個時間點上發(fā)生或做了某事( (間斷的或一次性的狀態(tài)或行為間斷的或一次性的狀態(tài)或行為) )during for 2 days over a five-year period for a long time over many years for a couple of weeks over

5、 night Theyve been married for 10 years. during the Middle Ages during 1942 在1942年中 during the summer（of that year） during his childhood Lets try 1. He fell asleep _ the lesson. 他在上課時睡著了。 2. The fish will not keep _ night. 這條魚放不到明天(就會變質(zhì)) 3. He _ a lot of great movies over these years. A.has made B.m

6、ade C.was making D.was made 4. Id like to call on my uncle _my stay in Beijing this summer. In other words, I can see my uncle again _the summer. A. during; during B. in; in C. during; in D. in; during 5. There was a terrible storm_the night; it rained_four or five hours. A. during; during B. during

7、; for C. for; for D. for; during overduringbefore在在（時間）之前，但（時間）之前，但 不包括當(dāng)日不包括當(dāng)日after在在（時間）以后（時間）以后from 用于一般過去用于一般過去、一般、一般現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在或一般或一般將來時將來時since主要用于完成時或完成進行時主要用于完成時或完成進行時“自從” I went to the cinema befroe 7 p.m. yesterday. Mary often play volleyball with her friends after school. We go to school from Mon

8、day to Friday. It is 10 years since they got married.“by + “by + 時間點時間點”表示表示“到到.以前為止以前為止”，如果如果byby后加后加“將來的時間點將來的時間點”，應(yīng)用一般將，應(yīng)用一般將來時；如果來時；如果byby后跟過去的時間點，應(yīng)用過去后跟過去的時間點，應(yīng)用過去完成時完成時 用于否定句中，意為用于否定句中，意為“直到直到才才”，在，在其前的謂語動詞多用瞬間動詞；其前的謂語動詞多用瞬間動詞；用在肯定用在肯定句中意為句中意為“直到直到為止為止”，其前的謂語動，其前的謂語動詞需用延續(xù)性動詞詞需用延續(xù)性動詞 By the end

9、 of next month,I will finish reading this book By the end of this week ,I have written two books I didnt go to bed until 10 oclock. I waited for my mother until 10 oclock.till/untilby2at一般指小地方；一般指小地方；at home at school at the station That man is standing at the bus stop. in一般指大地方或某個范圍之內(nèi)；一般指大地方或某個范圍之內(nèi)

10、； in the factory in the room in the center of/in the middle of. on往往表示往往表示“在某個物體的表面在某個物體的表面”。 on the bus on the train on the subway/underground There is a book and a lamp on the desk. in：某一地區(qū)之內(nèi)的地方（在該范圍之內(nèi)）某一地區(qū)之內(nèi)的地方（在該范圍之內(nèi)） to：某一地區(qū)之外的地方（在該范圍之外）某一地區(qū)之外的地方（在該范圍之外） on：與某一地區(qū)接壤的地方與某一地區(qū)接壤的地方Fujian is in the

11、southeast of China.Xinjiang is in the northwest of China.Jiangsu is in the east of China What about Taiwan?Taiwan is the southeast of China. in：某一地區(qū)之內(nèi)的地方（在該范圍之內(nèi)）某一地區(qū)之內(nèi)的地方（在該范圍之內(nèi)） to：某一地區(qū)之外的地方（在該范圍之外）某一地區(qū)之外的地方（在該范圍之外） on：與某一地區(qū)接壤的地方與某一地區(qū)接壤的地方TipJapan is to the east of China.South Korea is to the north

12、east of China.Russia is on the north of China.North Korea is on northeast of China.Learn and tryWhat about Sinapore?注：注：be + in/on/to 可用 lie + in/on/to代替1.China lies _the east of Asia and _the north of Australia. A. in, on B. in ,to C. to, in2.Mongolia(蒙古蒙古) is _the north of China. A. in B. on C. to

13、3.The United States is _ the south of Canada and _ the east of Japan. A. to; in B. on; to C. in; beside D. at; on 4.Japan lies_ the east of China. A. on B. to C. in D. with Exerciseover指指“正上方正上方”,”,還有還有“覆蓋覆蓋”的含義（反義詞的含義（反義詞under，“正下方正下方”) )above指指“在上方在上方”但不一定在正上方但不一定在正上方( (反義詞反義詞below,“,“在下方在下方” ) )

14、B is over A. D is above C. Spread a cloth over the table. The plane flew above the clouds.ABCDacross是指從是指從表面表面穿過穿過through則是指從物體則是指從物體內(nèi)部內(nèi)部穿過穿過 We should go across the road carefully. Three men went through the forest yesterday.1. There is a bridge _ the river .2. There is a pen _ the book.3. It took

15、the man 2 months to walk _ the desert.4. The third floor is _ the sixth floor.5. The sixth floor is _ the third floof.riverbridgethroughoverbelowaboveunderbetween.and in front ofnext to/besidebehindoppositein the front ofAB1. Millie sits _ me.2. Amy sits _ Millie _Simon.3. Kitty sits _ Sandy.4. Kitt

16、y sits _ Simon.5. The window is _ the door.6. The chalk is _ the teachers desk.in front ofbetweenandnext to/besidebehindoppositeon3 1.His father is very angry_him his study. A. at，with B.with，at C.to，about D.about，to 2.Paper is made_wood. A.from B.of C.by D.in 3.The basket is full_apples. A.with B.of C.in D.by 4.Kate cant come. Lets ask wei Hua instead_her. A.of B.for C.to D.with 5.The heavy rain stopped me_getting to school on time. A. to B.from C.on D.for 6.When the red light is on，its danger