機電專業(yè)英語第2版3Unit 3 Machine Tools 機床

1、機床機床徐存善主編 徐存善主編徐存善主編 Most of the mechanical operations are commonly performed on five basic machine tools： The drill press; The lathe; The shaper or planer; The milling machine; The grinder.徐存善主編 Drilling Drilling is performed with a rotating tool called a drill. Most drilling in metal is done with

2、a twist drill. The machine used for drilling is called a drill press. Operations, such as reaming and tapping, are also classified as drilling. Reaming consists of removing a small amount of metal from a hole already drilled. Tapping is the process of cutting a thread inside a hole so that a cap scr

3、ew or bolt may be threaded into it.徐存善主編 Turning and Boring The lathe is commonly called the father of the entire machine tool family. For turning operations, the lathe uses a single-point cutting tool, which removes metal as it travels past the revolving workpiece. Turning operations are required t

4、o make many different cylindrical shapes, such as axes, gear blanks, pulleys, and threaded shafts. Boring operations are performed to enlarge, finish, and accurately locate holes.徐存善主編 Milling Milling removes metal with a revolving, multiple cutting edge tools called milling cutter. Milling cutters

5、are made in many styles and sizes. Some have as few as two cutting edges and others have 30 or more. Milling can produce flat or angled surfaces, grooves, slots, gear teeth, and other profiles, depending on the shape of the cutters being used.徐存善主編 Shaping and Planing Shaping and planing produce fla

6、t surfaces with a single-point cutting tool. In shaping, the cutting tool on a shaper reciprocates or moves back and forth while the work is fed automatically towards the tool. In planing, the workpiece is attached to a worktable that reciprocates past the cutting tool. The cutting tool is automatic

7、ally fed into the workpiece a small amount on each stroke.徐存善主編 Grinding Grinding makes use of abrasive particles to do the cutting. Grinding operations may be classified as precision or nonprecision, depending on the purpose. Precision grinding is concerned with grinding to close tolerances and ver

8、y smooth finish. Nonprecision grinding involves the removal of metal where accuracy is not important.徐存善主編drill dril n. 鉆床，鉆頭，訓(xùn)練vi. 鉆孔，訓(xùn)練vt. 鉆孔，訓(xùn)練lathe lei n. 車床，機床 vt. 用車床加工shaper eip n. 牛頭刨床，造型者，整形器，造型者planer plein n. 龍門刨床，刨床，刨工milling mili n. 磨，制粉，【機械學(xué)】銑削v. 碾磨，磨成粉grinder raind n. 磨床，研磨機，砂輪(機)twis

9、t twist n. 扭曲vt. 捻，擰，扭傷vi. 扭動，彎曲ream ri:m vt.鉸孔n. 令（紙張的計數(shù)單位），大量tap tp vt. 輕敲, 輕拍，攻絲vi. 輕拍，輕擊n. 水龍頭screw skru: vt. 旋，擰n. 螺旋，螺絲釘vi. 轉(zhuǎn)動，擰bolt bult n. 螺栓，門閂vt. 上門閂vi. 逃跑adv. 突然地徐存善主編threaded redid adj. 有線狀圖案裝飾的v. 穿過，穿線于cylindrical silindrikl adj. 圓柱形的，圓柱體的，圓柱的pulley puli n. 滑輪，皮帶輪vt. 用滑輪升起shaft :ft; ft

10、n. 軸，桿狀物vt. 利用，在上裝桿boring b:ri n. 鉆孔，鏜削vt.鉆(孔)，鏜(孔) adj.無聊的groove ru:v n. 槽vt. 開槽于vi. 形成溝槽slot slt 狹縫，槽溝vt. 在上開狹縫vi. 被放入狹孔reciprocate risiprkeit vt. 報答，互給vi. 往復(fù)運動，酬答stroke struk n.沖程，打擊；嘗試vt. 撫摸，劃掉vi.敲擊鍵盤abrasive breisiv adj. 粗糙的；有研磨作用的n. 研磨料tolerance tlrns n. 公差，容忍，寬容Technical Terms徐存善主編twist drill

11、麻花鉆gear blank 齒輪毛坯threaded shaft 絲杠gear teeth輪齒back and forth反復(fù)地，來回地single-point cutting tool單刃刀具abrasive particle磨料顆粒Language points徐存善主編1. Tapping is the process of cutting a thread inside a hole so that a cap screw or bolt may be threaded into it.譯文：攻絲是在孔里切出螺紋的過程，以便螺釘或螺栓能旋合進去。說明：句中process of 的過程，

12、so that a cap screw or bolt may be threaded into it作目的狀語。threaded redid adj. 有線狀圖案裝飾的v. 穿過；穿線于（thread的過去分詞）1) related phrases：threaded connection 螺紋連接；threaded bush 套筒螺母2）Each lever has two threaded connectors for chain installation. 每個桿都有兩個螺紋連接器用于鏈條安裝。3）Each end is threaded to allow the installatio

13、n of valves, connections, or relief devices. 每一端都車有螺紋，以安裝閥門、接頭或減壓裝置。Language points徐存善主編 2. For turning operations, the lathe uses a single-point cutting tool, which removes metal as it travels past the revolving workpiece.譯文：在車削操作中，車床用一個單刃切削刀具在旋轉(zhuǎn)的工件上進行金屬切削。說明：句中句中which removes metal as it travels p

14、ast the revolving workpiece.是非限制性定語從句，對a single-point cutting tool作補充說明作用。turning t:ni n. 轉(zhuǎn)向；旋轉(zhuǎn)；回轉(zhuǎn)；轉(zhuǎn)彎處v. 旋轉(zhuǎn)（turn的ing形式）1) related phrases：turning moment 轉(zhuǎn)矩；turning machine 車床2）The top is turning like a screw. 那頂端象螺絲一樣地旋轉(zhuǎn)著。3）Spin the pendulum round by turning the red knob. 轉(zhuǎn)動紅色的把手使鐘擺開始轉(zhuǎn)動。Language poi

15、nts徐存善主編 3. Milling can produce flat or angled surfaces, grooves, slots, gear teeth, and other profiles, depending on the shape of the cutters being used.譯文：銑削根據(jù)所用的銑刀形狀可分別加工平面或斜面、槽口、縫、齒輪的齒和其他的型面。說明：句中depending on the shape of the cutters being used作條件狀語。Language points徐存善主編4. In shaping, the cutting

16、 tool on a shaper reciprocates or moves back and forth while the work is fed automatically towards the tool.譯文：在刨削的操作中，當工件自動朝刀具方向進給時，牛頭刨床上的刀具作往復(fù)或前后移動。說明：句中while the work is fed automatically towards the tool作時間狀語從句。reciprocate risiprkeitvt. 報答；互換；互給vi. 往復(fù)運動；互換1）The piston is reciprocating inside cyl

17、inder. 活塞在汽缸內(nèi)部往復(fù)運動。2）I hope I can reciprocate your hospitality some time. 我希望下次能回報你的熱情款待。Language points徐存善主編句中：back and forth反復(fù)地，來回地1）COM links all of components in the system together, enabling them to pass requests and information back and forth. COM將系統(tǒng)中的所有組件連接在一起，允許它們來回傳送請求和信息。2）She walked back

18、and forth on the path. 她在小路上來來回回地走著。Language points徐存善主編5. The cutting tool is automatically fed into the workpiece a small amount on each stroke. 譯文：刀具在切削的每一行程自動向工件進給一點。說明：句中feed into送進；輸進(某人、某物)；workpiece工件；stroke struk n.沖程，打擊；嘗試vt. 撫摸，劃掉vi.敲擊鍵盤1) related phrases：idle stroke空行程； intake stroke進氣行程

19、;exhaust stroke 排氣行程; combustion stroke 燃燒行程2) He stroked the name of himself with his pen. 他用鋼筆劃掉了他自己的名字。3) The combination of high gear ratio and long stroke can drain an entire air system unless the air supply system is specially designed to accommodate this type of actuator. 除非氣源供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)是經(jīng)過特殊配置，以滿足這

20、種類型執(zhí)行機構(gòu)的要求，或者高齒輪傳速比和長沖程的組合可能會耗盡整個氣源系統(tǒng)。Language points徐存善主編6. Precision grinding is concerned with grinding to close tolerances and very smooth finish.譯文：精磨應(yīng)用于接近于精密公差和光潔度很高的磨削。說明：句中be concerned with涉及，關(guān)于，與有關(guān)1）Scholars and researches should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution

21、 to the larger society. 我們不應(yīng)該僅僅關(guān)注學(xué)者和研究者的著作能否對社會做出貢獻。close tolerances緊公差；嚴格的容限1) related phrases：close-tolerance forging精確（公差）鍛件；close tolerance flame cutting 高精度火焰切割Language points徐存善主編 2）Our casting process ensure high consistent quality casting and our uniquely designed. High-precision machining e

22、quipment can produce part within close tolerance at all time. 嚴密的生產(chǎn)管理，先進的工藝設(shè)計，精密的設(shè)備，在任務(wù)時候都能保證生產(chǎn)出高質(zhì)量的零件。3）Bar codes are difficult for printing for its close tolerance. 條形碼的印刷質(zhì)量要求比較高，因而它的印刷難度較大。句中：smooth finish光潔度；光面精整；光澤裝飾1）Enhances the product the smooth finish, the enhancement perspective rate; 提高產(chǎn)

23、品的光澤度，增強透視度；Exercises徐存善主編I. Answer the following questions according to the text. 1. What parts can be processed with lathes? Many different cylindrical shapes, such as axes, gear blanks, pulleys, threaded shafts and some holes can be processed with lathes. The milling machine, the shaper or planer

24、 and the the grinder can process flat surfaces.2. Which machine tools can process flat surfaces?3. What is the tapping? Tapping is the process of cutting a thread inside a hole so that a cap screw or bolt may be threaded into it.Exercises徐存善主編II. Write T for True or F for False according to the text

25、.1. For turning operations, the lathe uses multiple cutting edge tools to process. (F)2. The milling machine is commonly called the father of the entire machine tool family. (F)3. In shaping, the workpiece is attached to a worktable that reciprocates past the cutting tool. (F)4. Grinding makes use o

26、f the metal material tools to do the cutting. (F)Exercises徐存善主編1. twist drill Put the following phrases or sentences into Chinese. 麻花鉆 2.cutting edge 切削刃 3.smooth finish 光潔度 4. abrasive particle 磨粒 5. single-point cutting tool單刃刀具 Exercises徐存善主編 6. Milling operations are employed in producing flat o

27、r angled surfaces, grooves, slots, gear teeth, and other profiles, depending on the shape of the cutters being used. 根據(jù)所用的銑刀形狀,銑削可分別加工平面、槽口、縫、輪齒及其他的型面。 7. Turning operations are required to make many different cylindrical shapes, such as axes, gear blanks, pulleys, and threaded shafts. 車削用來切削不同的圓柱形，

28、如軸、齒輪毛坯、滑輪、絲桿等。 徐存善主編 英漢兩種語言在表達上有很大差別。翻譯時，英漢兩種語言在表達上有很大差別。翻譯時，有些詞或詞組不能直接搬用詞典中的釋義，若生搬有些詞或詞組不能直接搬用詞典中的釋義，若生搬硬套，會使譯文生硬晦澀，難以看懂，甚至造成誤硬套，會使譯文生硬晦澀，難以看懂，甚至造成誤解。所以，要在弄清原文內(nèi)涵的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)上下解。所以，要在弄清原文內(nèi)涵的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系和漢語的搭配習(xí)慣，對詞義加以引申文的邏輯關(guān)系和漢語的搭配習(xí)慣，對詞義加以引申。若遇到有關(guān)專業(yè)方面的內(nèi)容，必須選用專業(yè)方面。若遇到有關(guān)專業(yè)方面的內(nèi)容，必須選用專業(yè)方面的術(shù)語。引申后的詞義能更確切地表達原

29、文意義。的術(shù)語。引申后的詞義能更確切地表達原文意義。 徐存善主編1. However, colors can give more force to the form of the product. 欠佳譯法：然而，色彩能給予產(chǎn)品更多的力量。欠佳譯法：然而，色彩能給予產(chǎn)品更多的力量。引申譯法：然而，色彩能使產(chǎn)品外形增添美感。引申譯法：然而，色彩能使產(chǎn)品外形增添美感。2. Power plugs are male electrical connectors that fit into female electrical sockets. 欠佳譯法：電源插頭是雄性連接器適配雌性連接器。欠佳譯法：電源

30、插頭是雄性連接器適配雌性連接器。 引申譯法：電源插頭可以插入電源插座。引申譯法：電源插頭可以插入電源插座。 3 There is a wide area of performance duplication between numerical control and automatics. 引申譯法：數(shù)控和自動化機床有很多相同的性能。引申譯法：數(shù)控和自動化機床有很多相同的性能。徐存善主編4. High-speed grinding does not know this disadvantage.引申譯法引申譯法: 高速磨床不存在這個缺點。高速磨床不存在這個缺點。5. The charge cu

31、rrent depends upon the technology and capacity of the battery being charged.引申譯法：充電電流的大小根據(jù)充電技術(shù)和電池容量的不同引申譯法：充電電流的大小根據(jù)充電技術(shù)和電池容量的不同而不同。而不同。 徐存善主編臥式坐標鏜床龍門坐標鏜床徐存善主編 The jig borer resembles both the drill press and the vertical milling machine. The head of this unit is similar to a drill press, and the ta

32、ble is very much like that of a vertical milling machine. The jig borer is used in the manufacture of jigs, fixtures, and dies which require extremely accurate dimensions. Since the work can be clamped securely to the table that moves back and forth and in and out and since the drilling head is made

33、 with great precision, holes may be located and drilled more accurately on this machine than on any other machine tool.坐標鏜床既類似于鉆床又類似于立式銑床。其主軸箱類似于鉆床，而工作臺則與立式銑床極為相似。坐標鏜床用來加工尺寸要求非常精確的鉆模、夾具和沖模。由于工件能可靠地固定在作縱向、橫向運動的工作臺上，又由于主軸箱的制造精度很高，所以在這種機床上，孔的定位和鉆削要比其它任何機床更精確。徐存善主編The coordinate measuring system of a ji

34、g borer is designed to provide longitudinal and transverse table movements. One of the simplest systems is based on two lead screws. Another system, which is used on many jig bores, is based on precision end measuring rods. Some jig borers are provided with electrical or optical systems. 坐標鏜床的坐標測量系統(tǒng)

35、用來確定工作臺的縱向和橫向運動量。最簡單的系統(tǒng)之一是以兩根絲桿為基礎(chǔ)的。另外一個為許多坐標鏜床所采用的系統(tǒng)是以精密量棒為基礎(chǔ)的。有些坐標鏜床裝有電氣或光學(xué)測量系統(tǒng)。New words and phrases徐存善主編jig di n. 夾具，鉆模vi.用夾具或鉆模等加工borer b:r n. 機 鏜床，鏜孔刀具，鉆頭vertical v:tikl adj. 垂直的，直立的，豎式的 n. 垂直線dimension dimenn, dai- n. 尺寸；維（數(shù)）；線度；復(fù) 面積；容器clamp klmp n. 夾鉗，夾子 vt. (用夾鉗) 夾住，夾緊longitudinal ,lnditju:

36、dinl adj. 長度的，縱向的，經(jīng)線的transverse trnzv:sadj. 橫向的，橫斷的n. 橫斷面optical ptikl adj. 光學(xué)的，視覺的，有助視力的；coordinate ku:dinit, ku:dineit n. 坐標 adj. 并列的，坐標的vertical milling machine 立式銑床Exercises徐存善主編1. Why is it said that the jig borer resembles both the drill press and the vertical milling machine?2. Why the holes

37、may be located and drilled more accurately on the jig borer than on any other machine tool?3. Which coordinate measuring system is used on many jig bores?IAnswer the following questions according to the reading Because the head of the jig borer is similar to a drill press, and the table is very much like that of a vertical milling machine. Since the work can be clamped securely to the table that moves back and forth and in and out and since the drilling head is made with g