動(dòng)詞不定式(五)

1、 動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式 一構(gòu)成與特征一構(gòu)成與特征 “to +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”，在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞的作，在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞的作用，同時(shí)也保留有動(dòng)詞的特征，可以帶賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等等。用，同時(shí)也保留有動(dòng)詞的特征，可以帶賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等等。 二二 功能：功能： 1 做主語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ) To hesitate means failure. To know oneself is difficult. To do this is to cut the foot to fit the shoe. To talk to her is to talk to a wall. To know everything

2、 is to know nothing. To teach is to learn. 2 做表語(yǔ)做表語(yǔ) The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what is required. One is to struggle for ones living. To become a slave is to give up ones freedom. The house is to let. Little remains to do. 3 做賓語(yǔ)做賓語(yǔ) She longed to go back to her hometown. He re

3、fused to be photographed. I cant bear to look back. 4 做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) I wrote him to come at once. She asked me to answer the phone in her absence. I dont want there to be another mistake. I like there to be a park here. All depends upon her not to lose heart. 比較：有些詞后不能接動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 He hoped his sister

4、 to lend him a hand. He hoped that his sister would lend him a hand. He demanded me to give up the chance. He demanded that I give up the chance. I suggested him not to go there alone. I suggested that he not go there alone.5 做定語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ) He wants water to drink. He is a pleasant fellow to work with. She

5、has a room to live in. She can find no one to make friends with. She offered me a cup of coffee to refresh my spirit with. 不定式可以修飾不定式可以修飾there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中做主語(yǔ)的名詞結(jié)構(gòu)中做主語(yǔ)的名詞 There is nothing to worry about. There is a good rule to go by. There is enough money to spare. There is not a moment to lose. 6不定式常用于不

6、定式常用于 “have + the +抽象名詞抽象名詞” 結(jié)構(gòu)中結(jié)構(gòu)中 He has the goodness to do it. She has the kindness to help you He has the impudence to slander her. I didnt have the heart to tell you the bad news. She has the face to speak ill of Lucy. 7so as to / so as to so as to 引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。 so as to引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。

7、The test questions are kept secret, so as to prevent cheating. She was so naive as to believe his words 8. 比較：比較： It is foolish of her to buy the picture. It is foolish for her to buy the picture. 9. 在有些在有些there等開(kāi)頭的句子中不定式的主動(dòng)等開(kāi)頭的句子中不定式的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有時(shí)有區(qū)別，有時(shí)無(wú)區(qū)別語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有時(shí)有區(qū)別，有時(shí)無(wú)區(qū)別 There are a lot of letters

8、 to write / to be written this evening. There is a lot to say. / to be said. There is nothing to see. / to be seen. I am ready to shave. I am ready to be shaved. He has a child to look after. He has a child to be looked after. She has no more letters to type. She has no more letters to be typed. 動(dòng)名詞

9、動(dòng)名詞1 分析：分析： At the meeting he stressed the importance of defeating their competitors. Getting up early is considered a good habit. He dreamt of becoming an aviator. He insisted on his being assigned the mission. 動(dòng)名詞時(shí)態(tài)意義 Im thinking of getting a new dictionary. I am confident of his succeeding. Her s

10、uccess will depend upon her working harder and being assisted by friends. Learning is important to modern life. He never talked to me about his having been in Paris. They regret not having been able to inform you of the fact. He confessed having committed murder. 動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) He doesnt like being flatte

11、red. Respecting others means being respected. He will get angry at being offended. She likes being seen. I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team. The housing problem is far from being settled. 但在但在need , want, deserve, take, require, bear 后，常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。后，常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 That nee

12、ds explaining. The room needs cleaning up Your hair wants cutting. The situation requires careful handling. His language wont bear repeating. The job will take noticing a lot. This method deserves recommending. 動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式在用法上的一些比較：動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式在用法上的一些比較： 可以接動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)可以接動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有：（意義上無(wú)差別）詞

13、有：（意義上無(wú)差別） aim at doing sth. / aim to do sth. contribute to doing sth. / contribute to do sth. assist sb. in doing sth. / assist sb. to do sth. intend going abroad / intend to go abroad. aspire to doing sth. / aspire to do sth. 但有些有差別：但有些有差別： Think about doing sth. / think to do sth. Agree on doing

14、sth. / agree to do sth. Remember doing sth. / remember to do sth. Forget doing sth. / forget to do sth.動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式在表示動(dòng)作和時(shí)間等方面的差異動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式在表示動(dòng)作和時(shí)間等方面的差異動(dòng)名詞表示一般習(xí)慣，抽象概念，泛指已經(jīng)成為過(guò)去動(dòng)名詞表示一般習(xí)慣，抽象概念，泛指已經(jīng)成為過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，時(shí)間概念不強(qiáng)，不是某一次動(dòng)作；的動(dòng)作，時(shí)間概念不強(qiáng)，不是某一次動(dòng)作；動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作則往往是具體的或特定的動(dòng)動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作則往往是具體的或特定的動(dòng)作，或是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的動(dòng)作。作，或是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?/p>

15、來(lái)的動(dòng)作。比較：比較：Lying is wrong. / To lie is wrong. Its no use crying over spilt milk. His mother had advised him, however, it was no use to argue with Henry.Id love to show him the picture. I love watching the sunset.He likes riding. He likes to ride the little white horse.在在begin , start, continue, ceas

16、e等詞后跟動(dòng)名詞和不等詞后跟動(dòng)名詞和不定式含義無(wú)多大差別，但若表示有意識(shí)地定式含義無(wú)多大差別，但若表示有意識(shí)地“開(kāi)始或停開(kāi)始或停止止做某事做某事”，多用動(dòng)名詞而不定式則表示情況發(fā)生變化。，多用動(dòng)名詞而不定式則表示情況發(fā)生變化。比較：比較：She intends buying / to buy a piano.He continued working / to work as if nothing had happened.The old man ceased driving long time ago. The old man ceased to breathe. At last they c

17、eased talking. His words ceased to have effect on her. 動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)常是主語(yǔ)或在句中，動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)常是主語(yǔ)或在句中， 動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不一定。動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不一定。I hate to be sitting idle.I hate saying nothing at a meeting but gossiping afterwards.She likes singing.She likes to sing.有些動(dòng)詞后面動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞表示的含義不有些動(dòng)詞后面動(dòng)詞不定式

18、和動(dòng)名詞表示的含義不同，有些甚至相反。同，有些甚至相反。 I remember posting your letters.I regret not having told her earlier. I regret to say I must leave tomorrow.Hell try to finish the work as early as possible. Hell try making a model ship.I cant help doing it. / I cant help to do it.The bus has ceased running. / The bus h

19、as ceased to run.The workers quit eating. / The workers quit to eat.Past / beyond / for / without + ving 結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu) Her words are past believing. The wounded is past saving. The shoes are past mending She walked out without saying anything That woman is beyond reasoning. The pain is beyond enduring. 分分 詞詞

20、1. 分析：分析：Having hurried through his breakfast, he went to wait for the school bus.The tower being repaired was put up in the Tang Dynasty.Having been writing the book, I have no time for other things.Having been written in haste, the paper is far from being perfect.When asked such a queer question,

21、he was at a loss how to answer.Not wanting to continue my service in the plant, I joined the army.2. 現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別： 主要表現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)間概念上。在語(yǔ)態(tài)上，主要表現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)間概念上。在語(yǔ)態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)意現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義，在時(shí)間上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，義，在時(shí)間上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作的完成。過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作的完成。 What he said was very touchin

22、g. / I was very touched by the sight. the rising sun / the risen sun smoking fish / smoked fish a conquering army / a conquered city 3功能功能（1）做定語(yǔ)）做定語(yǔ)* A barking dog seldom bites. * Adam and Eve were induced to eat the Forbidden Fruit by Satan. A watched pot never boils. A man getting up as soon as th

23、e cock crows is a hard-working man. He is a businessman growing rich in recent years. 分詞和動(dòng)名詞做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：分詞和動(dòng)名詞做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別： a sleeping baby a sleeping beauty / a sleeping car boiling water boiling point working class a working method / a walking dictionary a running stream running shoes(2 ) 做表語(yǔ)做表語(yǔ) The music is

24、 much pleasing to the ear. He was sunk in thought. The electric wire is broken. You are mistaken. (3 ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) She smelt something burning. He heard his name called. I found the city greatly changed. She saw the thief caught by policemen. The joke set them all laughing. Many youngsters have their

25、 hair colored. They considered me as having done my best. Her words set me thinking deeply. (4 ) 做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.Seen from the pagoda, the south foot of the Purple Mountain is a sea of trees.When leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us.

26、He cut himself while shaving.Having written an important letter, I listened to the music for a while. （5）做原因狀語(yǔ) Being a layman in matters of culture, I would like to study them. Being Sunday, the shops are overcrowded. Being spring, the flowers are in full bloom. There being nothing to do, she went h

27、ome. A bit frightened, he stood motionless. (6 ) 做方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ) He walked down the hill, singing softly to himself. He hurried to the hall, followed by two guards. He came running into the room. Dressed in white, she suddenly appeared. Bleeding and fainting, the man lay by the road. (7) 做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 The

28、 old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinished. He is always worrying about trifles, losing sight of his main objectives. He turned off the lamp, seeing nothing. 4. 分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)（1）分詞做定語(yǔ)時(shí)的邏輯主語(yǔ) an interesting book a rolling stone （2 ）分詞做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的邏輯主語(yǔ) Turning around, an old woman was

29、seen walking towards the river. Turning around, we saw an old woman walking towards the river. Seen from the hilltop, he was delighted to see a wonderland of a valley. Seen from the hilltop, the valley looked like a wonderland. When using this machine, the instructions must be read first. When using

30、 this machine, you must read the instructions first. （3 ）分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) 邏輯主語(yǔ)+ 現(xiàn)在分詞 Mary coming back, they discussed it together. All being well, the project will be finished in five months. Weather / time permitting, we shall go there on foot. Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed. She walked along the path, her daughter following close behind. She watered the flowers, her husband feeding the birds. 邏輯主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞 This done, they went home. The table set, they began to dine. Health and persistence given, one can do great things. Good luck given, I will e