初中英語被動語態(tài)講解與練習(xí)

1、.初中被動語態(tài)語法講解(一) 語 態(tài) 分 類 英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)，主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主動) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被動) 漢語中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示被動，而英語用：助動詞be + 及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。(二) 被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化 主要體現(xiàn)在be的變化上，其形式與系動詞be的變化形式完全一樣。不同時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，列表如下： 一般現(xiàn)

2、在時：am / is / are + done 一般過去時：was / were + done 一般將來時：shall / will + be done 一般過去將來時：should / would + be done 現(xiàn)在進行時：am / is / are + being + done 過去進行時：was / were + being + done 現(xiàn)在完成時：have / has + been + done 過去完成時：had + been + done 將來完成時：shall / will + have been + done 過去將來完成時：should / would + have

3、been + done 注被動語態(tài)沒有將來進行時和過去將來進行時。(三)常見的八種時態(tài)中的被動語態(tài)1. 一般現(xiàn)在時：(1)People grow rice in the south of the country.Rice is grown in the south of the country.(2)The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.2. 一般過去時：(1)T

4、hey agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.(2)The students didnt forget his lessons easily.His lessons were not easily forgotten3. 一般將來時：(1)They will send cars abroad by sea.Cars will be sent abroad by sea.(2)They will give p

5、lenty of jobs to school-leavers.Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.4. 過去將來時：(1)The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.(2) The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possibl

6、e.The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.5. 現(xiàn)在進行時：(1)The radio is broadcasting English lessons.English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.(2) We are painting the rooms.The rooms are being painted.6. 過去進行時：(1)The workers were mending the road.The road was being m

7、ended.(2)This time last year we were planting trees here.Trees were being planted here this time last year.7. 現(xiàn)在完成時：(1)Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.(2)He has brought his book here.His book has been brought here.8. 過去完成時：

8、(1)When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets.When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. (2) People had considered him to be a great leader.He had been considered to be a great leader(四） 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)： 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)是由“情態(tài)動詞+ be+ 及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。 (

9、1)You must hand in your compositions after class.Your compositions must be handed in after class.(2)He can write a great many letters with the computer.A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.(五) 被 動 語 態(tài) 的 使 用 1.當(dāng)不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時，常用被動語態(tài)，這時往往不用by 短語。 “Mr. White, the cup was brok

10、en after class. ” 2.突出或強調(diào)動作的承受者，如果需要說出動作的執(zhí)行者，用by 短語。These records were made by John Denver.The cup was broken by Paul. 3.當(dāng)漢語句子的主語既不是動作的執(zhí)行者，也不是動作的承受者時，這時常用in + 名詞作狀語，而代替 by 短語。These cars were made in China.(六)主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法（1） My aunt invited me to her dinner party. 主語 謂語 賓語 I was invited (by my aunt )

11、 to her dinner party. 主語 謂語 賓語（2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers. A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.1.把主動語態(tài)的賓語變成被動語態(tài)的主語。2.把主動語態(tài)的謂語變成被動語態(tài)的be + 過去分詞，時態(tài)要與原句保持一致。3.把主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by 的賓語，放在被動語態(tài)里謂語動詞之后，by 短語可以省略。如果原句主語是地名詞作狀語。(七)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時所注意的問題1. 把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)點名詞

12、，在被動語態(tài)中用in + 地點時，其謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與原句時態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. (正確) A new computer have been bought. (錯誤)2. 含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時，可分別將其中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個不動，一般變間接賓語為主語時比較多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接

13、賓語(指物)改為主語，則在間接賓語(指人)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說：A present was given to me yesterday.注意：1.一般在下列動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞 to，如： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 (1) The book was showed to the class.(2) My bike was lent to her.2.一般在下列動詞后，間接賓語前用介詞 for, 如： build, buy, cook,

14、cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。 (1) A new skirt was made for me.(2) The meat was cooked for us.(3) Some country music was played for us. 3. 由動詞+ 介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語動詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個及物動詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉。這類動詞有：不及物動詞+ 介詞，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated o

15、n, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。(1) The patient is being operated on.(2) The problem is solved. It neednt be talked about.及物動詞+ 副詞：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。(1) H

16、is request was turned down.(2) The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather4. 帶復(fù)合賓語(賓語+ 賓補)的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，一般把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補足語保留在謂語動詞后面。如： (1) We always keep the classroom clean.The classroom is always kept clean.(2) She told us to follow her instructions.We were told to follow her instr

17、uctions.注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等動詞后作賓語補足語的動詞不定式都不帶 to，但改成被動語態(tài)后都帶to，這時不定式為主語補足語，也就是說不定式作主語補足語不存在省略to 的問題。 We often hear him play the guitar.He is often heard to play the guitar.5. 當(dāng)主動句的主語是nobody, no one等含有否定意義的不定代詞時，被動句中將其變?yōu)閍nybody, 作by的賓語，并將謂語動詞變?yōu)榉穸ǖ谋粍诱Z態(tài)。如： Nobod

18、y can answer this question.誤：The question can be answered by nobody.正：The question can not be answered by anybody.6. 當(dāng)否定句中的賓語是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代詞時，在被動句中應(yīng)將其分別變?yōu)閚othing, nobody, no one作主語，并將謂語動詞變?yōu)榭隙ǖ谋粍诱Z態(tài)。如： They havent done anything to make the river clean.誤：Anything hasnt been done to make

19、 the river clean.正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.7. 以who為主語開頭的疑問句，變被動時，用by whom放在句首： Who wrote the story誤：Who was the story written正：By whom was the story written8. 有些動詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well, badly, easily等副詞連用時，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動詞，用主動表示被動，這時不用被動語態(tài)，常見的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, co

20、ok 等。如： (1)The cloth washes easily. 這布很好洗。 (2)The new product sells well. 這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。對比： The books sell well. (主動句) The books were sold out. (被動句) The meat didnt cook well. (主動句) The meat was cooked for a long time. (被動句)9. 下列情況主動句不能改為被動句：第一，感官系動詞一般用主動形式表示被動意義，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain等。

21、(1) Do you like the material Yes, it feels very soft. 誤：It is felt very soft.(2)The food tastes delicious. 誤：The food is tasted delicious.(3)The pop music sounds beautiful. 誤：The pop music is sounded beautiful.第二，謂語是及物動詞leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own等。如： (1)He entered the room a

22、nd got his book. 誤：The room was entered and his book was got.(2)She had her hand burned. 誤：Her hand was had burned.第三，一些不及物動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài)，如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。如：The fire broke out in the capital building. 誤：The fire was broke out in the capital building.

23、第四，不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.誤：The sun had already been risen.After the earthquake, few houses remained.誤：After the earthquake, few houses were remained.第五，賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍泳渥拥闹髡Z，如：I ta

24、ught myself English.誤：Myself was taught English.We love each other.誤：Each other is loved.10. 在漢語中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動結(jié)構(gòu)來表示，例如：據(jù)說 It is said that 據(jù)報導(dǎo) It is reported that 據(jù)推測 It is supposed that 希望 It is hoped that 眾所周知 It is well known that 普遍認為 It is generally considered that 有人建議 It is suggested

25、that (1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.(2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp. 初中被動語態(tài)練習(xí)題( ) 1. The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found( ) 2. English _ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. i

26、s speaking D. is spoken( ) 3. This English song_ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung( ) 4. This kind of car _ in Japan. A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 5. New computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have

27、used( ) 6. Our room must _ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep( ) 7. -Id like to buy that coat.-Im sorry. _. A. it sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D. it had been sold( ) 8. A new house _ at the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building( ) 9

28、. The key _ on the table when I leave. A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left( ) 10. Doctors _ in every part of the world. A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need( ) 11. His new book_ next month.A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been publis

29、hed ( ) 12. Japanese _ in every country. A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( ) 13. These papers_yet. A. have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written( ) 14. The sports meet _ be held until next week. A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doe

30、snt ( ) 15. -My shoes are worn out.A. Cant they be mended B. Let me have a look at it. C. How much do they cost D. Cant they mended( ) 16. _ the watch been repaired yet I badly need it. A. Does B. Has C. Is D . Are( ) 17. _ these desks be needed A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do( ) 18. Why _ to talk about

31、 it yesterdayA. didnt a meeting hold B. wasnt a meeting held C. wasnt held a meeting D. a meeting wasnt held( ) 19. Who was the book_ A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by( ) 20. Where _ these boxes made A. was B. were C. is D. am( ) 21. The flowers _ often.A. must be water B. must be watered C

32、. must watered D. must water( ) 22. The books may_ for two weeks. A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow( ) 23. The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith. A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mend ( ) 24. The old bridge in my hometown_ next month.A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt

33、C. are going to be rebuiltD. are going to rebuilt( ) 25. The play _ at the theatre next Sunday.A. is going to be shown B. will shown C. will show D. is shown( ) 26. The old stone bridge _ next weekA. is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild ( ) 27. Now the

34、se magazines_ in the library for a long time. A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept( ) 28. The pot _ for _ hot waterA. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keepD. are used; keep( ) 29. Tea _ in the south of China.A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will gr

35、ow( ) 30. The bridges_ two years ago.A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built( ) 31. Wet clothes are often _ up near a fire in rainy weatherA. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung( ) 32. The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty things into it.A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throw

36、ing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing( ) 33. The teapot _ waterA. is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled( ) 34. Old people must be looked after well and _ politely.A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to( ) 35. Old people must _.A. look after well B. be looked well after C. loo

37、ked well after D. be looked after well ( ) 36. Newly-born babies_in hospital.A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of C. take good care of D. take good care( ) 37. They were_ at the sudden noise.A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens( ) 38. These walls _ stone.A. are made of B

38、. made ofC. are made into D. made into( ) 39. Jane _ to sing us an American song last Saturday.A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said( ) 40. The papers _ to them.A. were shown B. show C. shown D. have shown( ) 41. The coat_her sister.A. made to B. were made for C. was made for D. was made to( )

39、42. I _ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given( ) 43. Good care_such things.A. should take of B. should be taken C. should be taking D. should be taken of( ) 44. She will_good care_.A. take; of B. be taken; of C. take; for you D. be taken; o

40、f you( ) 45. The teacher made him_ his homework.A. to do B. do C. did D. done( ) 46. The boy_ streets without pay in the old days.A. was made to clean B. made cleanC. made to clean D. was made clean( ) 47. These children_dance.A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to( ) 48. These ston

41、es_well.A. are fitted B. fit C. fits D. is fitted( ) 49. The bike _ 500 yuan.A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed( ) 50. The important meeting _ on a cold morning last year.A. washad B. was held C. held D. had( ) 51. Great changes_ in the past ten years in China.A. took place B. have taken pla

42、ce C. were taking place D. had taken place( ) 52. You cant use the computer, it_.A. was broken down B. is wrong C. is bad D. has broken down( ) 53. Great changes_in our country during the past 20 years. A. have happened B. happened C. have been happened D. were happened( ) 54. The watch has often _ dow