五種基本句型課件

1、whether conj. 不管不管還是還是用于引導(dǎo)用于引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句，還可以用于引導(dǎo)，還可以用于引導(dǎo)名詞性從句名詞性從句，即賓語從句、主語，即賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。從句、表語從句和同位語從句。Whether he drives a car or takes a train, he will be here on time.用用whether不用不用if的情況：的情況：(1)與與or not 連用連用I wonder whether or not I will catch the last bus.(2)引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句

2、和同位語從句Whether it is true remains a question.The first question is whether it is true or not.The decision whether we should go to see her hasnt been made.(3)作介詞的賓語作介詞的賓語It depends on whether hes ready.(4)放在不定式前放在不定式前Please tell us whether to go or stay.用用if不用不用whether的情況：的情況：引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句If I were

3、 a bird, I could fly to you.if和和whether互換的情況：互換的情況：表示表示“是否是否”，引導(dǎo)賓語從句：，引導(dǎo)賓語從句：They asked if/whether we would like to go, too.詞的分類詞的分類實(shí)詞實(shí)詞名詞名詞n. n. 代詞代詞 pron. pron. 數(shù)詞數(shù)詞 num. num.動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞v. v. 形容詞形容詞adj. adj. 副詞副詞adv.adv.虛詞虛詞冠詞冠詞art. art. 介詞介詞prep. prep. 連詞連詞conj. conj. 感嘆詞感嘆詞erj.句子成分句子成分在句子中起著不

4、同語法作用的部分，叫作在句子中起著不同語法作用的部分，叫作句子成分。在英語中句子成分有句子成分。在英語中句子成分有九九種種1. 1. 主語主語 2. 2. 謂語謂語 3. 3. 表語表語 4. 4. 賓語賓語 （直接賓語和間接賓語）（直接賓語和間接賓語）5. 5. 賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語6. 6. 定語定語7. 7. 狀語狀語8. 8. 同位語同位語9. 9. 插入語插入語1.1.主語主語(subject)(subject)表示句子描述的是表示句子描述的是“誰誰”或或“什么什么”，是謂語，是謂語的陳述對(duì)象；通常由的陳述對(duì)象；通常由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句不

5、定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句等擔(dān)任。等擔(dān)任。Our school is not far from my houseWe like our school very much. Two plus two is four.Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.Whether well go depends on the weather. 2.2.謂語（謂語（ predicate verb predicate verb ）說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，一般放在主語之后；由說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，一般放在主語之后；由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語充當(dāng)。充當(dāng)。We study En

6、glish.I have been looking forward to my brothers letter.3.3.表語（表語（predicativepredicative）說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)或身份，與連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)或身份，與連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，通常由成復(fù)合謂語，通常由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞或從句介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞或從句等擔(dān)當(dāng)。等擔(dān)當(dāng)。He is a boy.This is mine.She is beautiful.Class is over.He is i

7、n good health.He is excited.His wish is to become a teacher.The lesson is that friends are teachers.4.4.賓語賓語(object)(object)表示表示及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞或或及物動(dòng)詞短語及物動(dòng)詞短語的對(duì)象或內(nèi)容，用的對(duì)象或內(nèi)容，用于于介詞后構(gòu)成介詞短語介詞后構(gòu)成介詞短語；通常；通常由名詞、代詞、數(shù)由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句等擔(dān)任。等擔(dān)任。Eg.Do you like playing basketball?5.5.賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語有些及物動(dòng)詞除了

8、要求一個(gè)賓語外，還要加上一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)有些及物動(dòng)詞除了要求一個(gè)賓語外，還要加上一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)足語，句子的意思才完整。足語，句子的意思才完整。“賓語賓語 補(bǔ)語補(bǔ)語”可統(tǒng)稱為可統(tǒng)稱為“復(fù)合賓語”。擔(dān)任補(bǔ)語的常常是。擔(dān)任補(bǔ)語的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式介詞短語、分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等。等。We found the book very interesting.6.6.定語（定語（attributive attributive 或或 attributeattribute）修飾或限定名詞或代詞用的；通常由修飾或限定名詞或代詞用的；通常由形容詞、形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語

9、、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞或從句詞、分詞或從句等擔(dān)當(dāng)。等擔(dān)當(dāng)。This is a difficult problem.7.7.狀語（狀語（adverbialadverbial）修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子用的；通常修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子用的；通常由由副詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞或從句副詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞或從句等等擔(dān)任。狀語通常分為時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，方式，程度，擔(dān)任。狀語通常分為時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，方式，程度，原因，目的，結(jié)果，條件，讓步狀語等。原因，目的，結(jié)果，條件，讓步狀語等。He runs fast.8. 8. 同位語（同位語（appo

10、sitiveappositive）對(duì)前面的名詞或代詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋；通常由對(duì)前面的名詞或代詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋；通常由名名詞、代詞或從句詞、代詞或從句等擔(dān)任。等擔(dān)任。This is Mr. Zhou，our headmaster.Word came that our team won the game.9 .9 .插入語（插入語（parenthesisparenthesis）對(duì)一句話作一些附加的解釋；通常由對(duì)一句話作一些附加的解釋；通常由形容詞、副詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞或從句介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞或從句等擔(dān)任。等擔(dān)任。To be honest, I dont qu

11、ite agree with you.1、主語、主語 + 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞 + 表語表語（S+V+P)2、主語、主語 + 不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞（S+ Vi）3、主語、主語 + 及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語賓語 (S+Vt+O)4、主語、主語 + 及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞 + 間接賓語間接賓語 + 直接賓語直接賓語（S+Vt+Ino+DO)5、主語、主語 + 及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語 (S+Vt+O+C)一個(gè)英語的句子里面只能有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。一個(gè)英語的句子里面只能有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。Link-（系動(dòng)詞）（系動(dòng)詞）(表語表語)1. This 2. The dinner3. He 4.

12、 Everything5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face is smellsfell looks is is becameturned an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting.warmer. red. （S+V+P)主語主語 + + 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞 + + 表語表語（一）（一） be動(dòng)詞類：動(dòng)詞類： am、 is 、are 、was 、were （二）（二） 表示變化類：表示變化類：become、 get 、 turn 、 grow

13、 、go （三）（三） 感官動(dòng)詞類感官動(dòng)詞類: 眼（眼（look ）耳）耳(sound)鼻鼻(smell)舌舌(taste) 身身(feel) （四）（四） 表示延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞表示延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞 ：remain 、stay 、keep （S+ Vi） ( (不及物動(dòng)詞后不能直接加賓語不及物動(dòng)詞后不能直接加賓語) )1. My grandma is sleeping now.2. I will stay in Shanghai for a week.3. Jack is leaving for New York.4. It rained hard last night.5. Lucy arrived

14、 in Beijing yesterday Note:雖然這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中動(dòng)詞后邊不加賓語，但是往往帶雖然這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中動(dòng)詞后邊不加賓語，但是往往帶有狀語有狀語主語主語 + + 不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞主語主語 + + 及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+ + 賓語賓語(及物動(dòng)詞后面可直接加賓語及物動(dòng)詞后面可直接加賓語) 1. My sister is writing a letter at this moment.2. Jack enjoys collecting stamps.3. Our teacher promised to see the movie with us.4. I dont know which sch

15、ool he is in.(S+Vt+O)主語主語 + 及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞 + 間接賓語間接賓語 + 直接賓語直接賓語（S+Vt+Ino+DO)1. His father bought him a computer.2. I sent a birthday gift to her yesterday.3. My mother taught me how to do it.4. She asked Lucy whose pen it was.tell(告訴某人告訴某人), tell sb sth (tell sth to sb)send(送給某人送給某人), send sb sth (send s

16、th to sb)give(給某人給某人), give sb sth (give sth to sb)bring(帶給某人帶給某人), bring sb sth (bring sth to sb)leave(留給某人留給某人), leave sb sth (leave sth to sb)pass(遞給某人遞給某人), pass sb sth (pass sth to sb)read(給某人讀給某人讀), read sb sth (read sth to sb)write(給某人寫給某人寫), write sb sth (write sth to sb)take(給某人拿給某人拿), take

17、 sb sth (take sth to sb)show(給某人看給某人看), show sb sth (show sth to sb)teach(教給某人教給某人), teach sb sth (teach sth to sb)lend(借給某人借給某人), lend sb. sth (lend sth to sb)return(還給某人還給某人) return sb sth (return sth to sb)hand(遞給某人遞給某人) hand sb sth (hand sth to sb)throw(扔給某人扔給某人) throw sb sth (throw sth to sb)ge

18、t(為某人弄到為某人弄到), get sb sth (get sth for sb) pay(支付給某人支付給某人), pay sb sth (pay sth for sb) buy(為某人買為某人買), buy sb sth (buy sth for sb) do(為某人做為某人做) do sb sth (do sth for sb)sing(為某人唱為某人唱) sing sb sth (sing sth for sb)play(為某人演奏為某人演奏) play sb sth (play sth for sb)cook(為某人煮為某人煮) cook sb sth (cook sth for sb)choose(為某人選擇為某人選擇) choose sb sth (choose sth for sb)make(為某人做為某人做) make sb sth (make sth for sb)save(為某人留