山西省中考英語(yǔ)第二輪語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)聚焦簡(jiǎn)單句習(xí)題課件

1、山西省山西省英語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)第第3333講簡(jiǎn)單句講簡(jiǎn)單句高頻考向一祈使句的基本用法簡(jiǎn)單句常作為中考的考點(diǎn)，具體內(nèi)容包含了祈使句，感嘆句，一般疑問(wèn)句，特殊疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句，反意疑問(wèn)句，倒裝句及語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)主謂一致。1肯定的祈使句句型：動(dòng)詞原形其他成分。如：Be careful！小心！“Do祈使句”表示一種強(qiáng)烈的感情或請(qǐng)求，do起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。please用在祈使句中可以表示一種客氣的語(yǔ)氣，但please用在句末時(shí)，必須用逗號(hào)與其余部分隔開(kāi)。如：Close the door，please.請(qǐng)關(guān)門！2否定的祈使句通常句型：Dont動(dòng)詞原形其他成分。如：Dont be late for school again！別再

2、遲到了！用Never開(kāi)頭：Never動(dòng)詞原形其他成分。如：Never leave todays work for tomorrow！不要把今天的工作留到明天！3Let引導(dǎo)的祈使句以Let開(kāi)頭的句子也是祈使句，表示陳述和建議。其否定形式有兩種：Let.not或Dont.。如：Let us not be late！我們不要遲到了！Dont let the boy play football on the street.不要讓這個(gè)男孩在街上踢足球。用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人強(qiáng)烈的喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)等感情的句子，叫感嘆句。感嘆句由what或how引導(dǎo)，具體用法如下表：高頻考向二感嘆句類別結(jié)構(gòu)例句what引導(dǎo)What

3、a/an形容詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ))！What a kind girl (she is)！What形容詞復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞(主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ))！What beautiful flowers (they are)！What bad weather (it is)！how引導(dǎo)How主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！How time flies！How形容詞/副詞(主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ))！How brave (the hero is)！How形容詞a/an單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ))！How clever (a boy he is)！高頻考向三疑問(wèn)句1一般疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)為：be主語(yǔ)其他；助動(dòng)詞(或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)(動(dòng)詞原形)其他?？隙ɑ卮穑?/p>

4、Yes，主語(yǔ)be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；否定回答：No，主語(yǔ)be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞not。(not一般要與前面的詞語(yǔ)構(gòu)成縮略形式。)2特殊疑問(wèn)句由疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句叫特殊疑問(wèn)句。特殊疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)針對(duì)所提的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行具體回答，不能用Yes或No回答。結(jié)構(gòu)：疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞一般疑問(wèn)句？常見(jiàn)疑問(wèn)代詞有：who，whom，what，which，whose等；疑問(wèn)副詞有：when，where，how，why等；由what和how構(gòu)成的詞組有what color，what time，how far，how old，how many，how often，how soon等。如：When did it start？它

5、什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始的？Where do they come from？他們來(lái)自哪里？Why do you like pandas？你為什么喜歡熊貓？What color is your schoolbag？你的書(shū)包是什么顏色的？How much is the Tshirt？這件T恤衫多少錢？3選擇疑問(wèn)句提出兩種或兩種以上的情況，要求對(duì)方作出選擇回答的問(wèn)句叫選擇疑問(wèn)句。選擇疑問(wèn)句中兩種或兩種以上的情況用or連接，回答時(shí)不能用yes或no，要用一個(gè)完整的句子或其省略形式。選擇疑問(wèn)句可以分為一般選擇疑問(wèn)句和特殊選擇疑問(wèn)句兩種。一般選擇疑問(wèn)句：一般疑問(wèn)句or被選擇的部分？如：Do you like appl

6、es or pears？你喜歡蘋(píng)果還是梨？I like pears.我喜歡梨。特殊選擇疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)句A or B？如：Which would you like better，tea or coffee？茶或咖啡，你更喜歡哪一種？Id like coffee.我喜歡咖啡。高頻考向四倒裝句的用法英語(yǔ)句子的自然語(yǔ)序是主語(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在后。如果把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在之前，就構(gòu)成了倒裝句。下面是幾種倒裝句的具體形式：1so/neither助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)該結(jié)構(gòu)常用來(lái)說(shuō)明前面所說(shuō)的情況也同樣適用于后面的人或物，結(jié)構(gòu)中的助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在形式上與前句的謂語(yǔ)保持一致，而其單復(fù)數(shù)形式則由后

7、句的主語(yǔ)決定。但“so倒裝”依附于肯定句，表示前邊的肯定情況也適合后邊的人(物)，意為“也”?！皀either倒裝”依附于否定句，表示前邊的否定情況也適合后邊的人(物)，意為“也不”。如：Tom watched TV last night，so did Ann.湯姆昨晚看電視了，安也看了。Mary didnt watch TV last night，neither did Jim.瑪麗昨晚沒(méi)有看電視，吉姆也沒(méi)看?！咀⒁狻咳魧?duì)前面所說(shuō)的事實(shí)加以肯定時(shí)，應(yīng)用so主語(yǔ)be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。此時(shí)前后兩個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)為同一個(gè)人或物。2there be 句型there be 句型表示“存在”，是一個(gè)主

8、語(yǔ)在be動(dòng)詞后面的倒裝句。如：There is a tree in front of the building.樓房前有一棵樹(shù)。3以副詞開(kāi)頭的倒裝句在以here，there，out，in，down，away等表示方位的副詞開(kāi)頭的句子中，如果主語(yǔ)是名詞，要用倒裝句。因此，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式由位于倒裝句句尾的主語(yǔ)決定。如：There comes the bus.公交車來(lái)了。高頻考向五主謂一致1語(yǔ)法一致原則語(yǔ)法一致即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。當(dāng)and連接兩個(gè)或多個(gè)名詞，或both.and.連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Both Luc

9、y and Lily are students.露西和莉莉都是學(xué)生。不定代詞either，neither，body，thing等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家都在為運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)做準(zhǔn)備。由each，each.and each.，every.and every.，every.作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Each boy and each girl was given a new book.每一個(gè)男孩和每一個(gè)女孩都被給了一本新書(shū)。主語(yǔ)后有with，as well as，no less/more than，inc

10、luding，besides，like，except，but等詞或短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。如：Mr. Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.格林先生將和他的妻子及兩個(gè)女兒一塊兒來(lái)北京?！癮 number of名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“the number of名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：A number of trees are cut down.許多樹(shù)木被砍倒了。The number of students in our class is 32.我們班學(xué)

11、生人數(shù)為32?！癮 lot of (lots of，plenty of，a pile of，piles of，most of)名詞”和“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)名詞”等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于名詞，如：Lots of people have been there.很多人去過(guò)那兒。由“a pair (a kind，a series.) of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；“pairs (kinds.)of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table.一副太陽(yáng)鏡放在桌子上。Fifteen pairs of

12、shoes are made each day.每天能制作15雙鞋。某些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞(如clothes，trousers，shorts，pants，shoes，gloves.)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂詞動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：My shoes were worn out.我的鞋子穿壞了。不定式、動(dòng)名詞、短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Reading is learning.讀書(shū)就是學(xué)習(xí)。2意義一致原則意義一致又叫概念一致，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式要看主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的概念。由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞，如果是指同一概念(即and后面無(wú)冠詞)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：The teacher an

13、d writer is coming to give us a report next week.那位老師兼作家下周要來(lái)給我們作報(bào)告。The singer and dancer has been invited to the party.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀請(qǐng)參加了聚會(huì)。表示金錢、時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度等復(fù)數(shù)名詞及詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般被看做一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。如：Three years is a long time.三年是一段很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。集體名詞(如family，team，crowd，company，class，group，government.)如果表示整體概念，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果表

14、示集體中的成員，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：My family is a small one with three people.我家是一個(gè)有三口人的小家庭。people，police，cattle等集合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：The police are helping a girl find her mother.警察正在幫助一個(gè)女孩找媽媽。算式中，表示加法和乘法時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式，也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但表示減法和除法時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用單數(shù)形式。如：What is/are three times three？3乘以3是多少？3就近原則有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式與最靠近它的名詞保持一致，這

15、種原則叫做就近原則，又叫做鄰近原則。由either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but(also).，not.but.或or連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與較近的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。如：Not only Jim but also his parents want to live in China.不僅吉姆而且他的父母也想居住在中國(guó)。He or you have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的鋼筆。There be.和Here be.這兩個(gè)句式中的be動(dòng)詞常與最近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。如：There is an apple and two bananas o

16、n the table.桌子上有一個(gè)蘋(píng)果和兩根香蕉?！究键c(diǎn)直擊】1_nice day today！(2015，婁底)Yeah，lets take a walk outside.AWhat aBWhat CHow2The passenger ship Eastern Star capsized (傾覆) in the Yangtze River on the evening of June 1st._bad news！Can we do something to help with the rescue (救援)？(2015，襄陽(yáng))AWhat a BWhat CHow a DHow3_will

17、your brother come back?Im not sure.Maybe in a week.(2015，菏澤)AWhen BHow CWhetherABA4_will the invitations be sent to our guests?In three days.(2015，廣州)AHow often BHow soonCHow long DHow far5 _wake up your sister，Ben.She needs a good sleep.(2014，重慶)ADont BDoesnt CArent DCant6What are the rules at your

18、 school?Dont run in the hallways and _arrive late for class.(2014，黃岡)Anot to Bwont Cdont DnoBAC7I have read the book Sense and Sensibility._(2014，龍東)ASo have I BNeither have ICSo I have8Has your mother ever been to London?Yes，and _We went together.(2014，平?jīng)?Aso have I Bso I haveCneither have I Dneith

19、er I have9_people are there in your family?Three.(2014，北京)AHow often BHow longCHow many DHow muchAAC10_will the fog and haze last?Ive no idea.There is no sign of an end.(2014，連云港)AHow soon BHow farCHow long DHow often11This pair of pants _mine.Yours may on the bed.(2014，綏化)Ais；be Bare；be Care；are12T

20、here _some milk and two eggs on the table.(2014，永州)Ais Bare CHasCAA13Do you need more time to complete the task?Yes.Another ten days _enough.(2014，廣東)Ais Bwas Care Dwere14Which team won the NBA Finals this season，the Warriors _the Cavaliers？(2015，株洲)Aand Bwith CorAC1_does your father go to the fitne

21、ss center?He exercises there twice a week.(2015，福州)AHow soon BHow often CHow long2Doing eye exercises _one of the useful ways to protect our eyes.Ais Bare Cwere3Everybody except Mike and Linda _there when the meeting began.(2016，泰安)Ais Bare Cwas DwereBAC4_can we become good learners?By working hard

22、and asking the teachers for help.(2015，成都)AHow Bwhere Cwhen5_can you finish your homework?In about one and a half hours.(2015，益陽(yáng))AHow far BHow soon CHow often6_is the World Cup held?Every 4 years.(2015，煙臺(tái))AHow soon BWhenCHow often DHow longABC7_do you like pingpong?Because it is relaxing.(2015，綿陽(yáng))AH

23、ow BWhen CWhy DWhere8_have you been in Suining？(2015，遂寧)I have been in the city for nine years.AHow long BHow often CHow far9Mum， _shall we have lunch？(2015，安順)We will have it when your dad .Awhen；returns Bwhere；will returnCwhere；returns Dwhen；will returnCAA10_is it from here to the train station?It

24、s about 10 minutes bus ride.(2015，樂(lè)山)AHow far BHow longCHow soon11What programme is so attractive?The guard of honor (儀仗隊(duì)) of the PLA are taking part in the parade on Red Square.(2015，連云港)_exciting event!AHow a BWhat anCHow an DWhat a12Jane Zhang is going to hold a concert here in July.Really？ _exciting news！(2015，長(zhǎng)沙)AHow BWhat an CWhatABC13Daniel， _play with the mobile