國(guó)際音標(biāo)課件設(shè)計(jì)

1、？為什么為什么要要學(xué)習(xí)音標(biāo)？學(xué)習(xí)音標(biāo)？26個(gè)字母讀音個(gè)字母讀音Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gge bi: si: di: i: ef di:Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nnet a de ke el em enOo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt pi: kju: a: es ti:Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zzju: vi: dblju: eks wa zed z i:音素和音素和 音標(biāo)音標(biāo) 元音元音 20個(gè)：個(gè)：聲帶震動(dòng)聲帶震動(dòng)、 音素音素: 語(yǔ)音的最小單位語(yǔ)音的最小單位 氣流不受阻礙氣流不受阻礙 輔音輔音28個(gè)：個(gè)：氣流受阻礙，氣流受阻礙，聲帶震動(dòng)為濁輔音，聲帶不震動(dòng)為

2、清輔音聲帶震動(dòng)為濁輔音，聲帶不震動(dòng)為清輔音。 音標(biāo)音標(biāo)：記錄音素的符號(hào)叫做音標(biāo)。：記錄音素的符號(hào)叫做音標(biāo)。 音節(jié)音節(jié): 一個(gè)單詞的音標(biāo)中有幾個(gè)元音就有幾個(gè)音節(jié)一個(gè)單詞的音標(biāo)中有幾個(gè)元音就有幾個(gè)音節(jié).開(kāi)音節(jié)開(kāi)音節(jié)：a) 輔音輔音+元音元音+輔音輔音+e : name, bike, home, due, plane, shine b) 輔音輔音+元音元音: he, go, hi, do, be, tree, three, hello 閉音節(jié)閉音節(jié)：a) 輔音輔音+元音元音+輔音輔音: bad, bed, sit, hot, cup,let, mad, map b)元音元音+輔音輔音: it, is

3、, of, in, on, up, out, ant 重讀音節(jié)重讀音節(jié)：任何雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)單詞的音標(biāo)中，有重任何雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)單詞的音標(biāo)中，有重讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié)讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié) ，哪一個(gè)音節(jié)重讀，該音節(jié)的左，哪一個(gè)音節(jié)重讀，該音節(jié)的左上方或該音節(jié)的元音上方標(biāo)有重讀符號(hào)上方或該音節(jié)的元音上方標(biāo)有重讀符號(hào)“”.元元 音音vowel 單單元元音音(12個(gè)個(gè)）長(zhǎng)元音長(zhǎng)元音5個(gè)個(gè)：i: : a : : u:短元音短元音7個(gè)：個(gè)： e 雙雙元元音音(8個(gè)個(gè))e a a e e: me convenient she he we evening procedure ee: sweet bee freezi

4、ng sheep sleep three green free knee see keep teenager agree ea: meat read leaf sea pea teach eat clean teacher steal speak ie, ei, eo, ey: piece, series, ceiling, people key seize thief發(fā)發(fā)/i:/音的字母組合音的字母組合 i- his little sister sitting in middle hit kid English pig fish fifteen six ship thin Jewish ti

5、p Nazi lonelinesse- begin behind jacket basketball the prepare recover repeat loneliness y- happy heavy busy lorry carry sunny lovely study thirstytwenty thirtywindyrainy lonely healthy dusty dirty merryey-monkey moneyay- Sunday Saturday Friday /-字母組合字母組合比較：讀一讀下列的單詞，注意區(qū)別/ i : / 和和/ / 1.it-eat 2. heh

6、it 3. fillfeel 4. seatsit 5. treetrip 6.bitbee 7. sheepship 8. deeddid 9. liveleave 10. feedfit 11. peapit 12. ridread 13. streetstrict 14. sleepslip e: egg bell desk leg red pet then ten pen bed beg spell spellbind upset Netherlands secondly elevator petrol west wet ea: bread head breakfast dead sw

7、eat ai: again發(fā)發(fā)/e/音的字母組合歸納：音的字母組合歸納： a: dad hat cap bag cat can bad apple flag hand rabbit ant black fat has stand rat map Amsterdam exactly gas gradual vocabulary latter African Spanish trap glacier altitude graduate congratulation 發(fā)/ / 音的字母組合歸納： 讀一讀，比較/ / 和/ e / 1. bat -bet 2. patpet 3. bagbeg 4.

8、satset 5. lack -neck 6. sadsaid 7.badbed 8.daddead 9.ladled 10. fatfed o- son come colour love money front monkey wonder u- upset upstairs cut sun nut jump gum us bus brush supper duck dusk understand subject undertake ou- touch cousin country double tough發(fā)發(fā)/ 音的字母組合歸納：音的字母組合歸納：發(fā)發(fā)/: /音的字母組合歸納音的字母組合歸納

9、 a-grass glass class plant dance fast father last half answer ar-car card star arm park part participate March hard garden dark scarf bark au- laugh aunt ear- heart發(fā)發(fā)/u:/音的字母組合歸納音的字母組合歸納 o- do who whose oo- cool fool school food moon too soon pool shoot ui- fruit juice u- ruler rude include conclude

10、 ou-soup oe-shoe 發(fā)發(fā)/ /音的字母組合歸納：音的字母組合歸納： o-woman wolf oo-look good book foot wood classroom u-bull bullet 發(fā)/:/ 音的字母組合歸納： a- water wallet aw-draw strawberry law lawyer saw al-ball wall call small swallow hall or- or horse morning corn fork short form inform oor-floor door our-four source course pour

11、resource au- autumn caught daughter cause because ar- warm發(fā)發(fā)/ /音的字母組合歸納音的字母組合歸納 o- fox coffee dog shop stop doctor office sorry got a- watch what發(fā)發(fā)/ :/音的字母組合歸納： er-her serve term German ir-bird girl skirt first dirty skirt shirt ur-nurse Thursday turtle purple curtain hurt purse ear-early learn or-

12、word work world發(fā)發(fā)/音的字母組合歸納音的字母組合歸納 er-teacher clever brother dinner father sister ruler anger hunger ar- sugar beggar or-doctor inventor visitor a-panda about above camera sofa China e- open system recently frighten broaden sharpen ure- picture nature culture agriculture 5. I thought a thought, but

13、the thought I thought wasnt the thought I thought I thought. If the thought I thought I thought hadnt been the thought I thought I thought, then I wouldnt have thought so much. 元元 音音vowel 單單元元音音(12個(gè)個(gè)）長(zhǎng)元音長(zhǎng)元音5個(gè)個(gè)：i: : a : : u:短元音短元音7個(gè)：個(gè)： e 雙雙元元音音(8個(gè)個(gè))e a a e Read the following tongue twisters. 1. Can y

14、ou can a can as a canner can can a can? 2. I wish to wish the wish you wish to wish, but if you wish the wish the witch wishes, I wont wish the wish you wish to wish. 3. I scream, you scream, we all scream for ice-cream! 4. That black lad was very sad because his dad had died in a bad accident. 雙元音雙

15、元音雙元音是從第一個(gè)元音的位置向第二個(gè)元音雙元音是從第一個(gè)元音的位置向第二個(gè)元音滑動(dòng)。雙元音共有滑動(dòng)。雙元音共有8 8個(gè)，即個(gè)，即： /a/ /e / /au/ /u / / / / /u/ 發(fā)/a/音的字母組合歸納音的字母組合歸納 i- kite bike nice tiger write idea knife five smile shine y- by cry fly my sky try why spy sly deny ie- tie pie die lie uy- buy igh-light might right sigh sight night high發(fā)/e/音的字母組合歸納

16、音的字母組合歸納 a- cake make name game snake gate lazy major fate hate grateful ai- rain train wait paint faint main remain plain Spain ay-day May play today way Okay lay stay say pay ea- great break steak 發(fā)/au/ 音的字母組合歸納音的字母組合歸納 ou- house mouse mouth trousers about round cloud ow- flower cow how now down t

17、own power crowded發(fā)/ /音的字母組合歸納音的字母組合歸納 o- nose rose poem old over hello note smoke coke cold oa- boat coat soap goat float coach ow- show window snow bowl low slow flow know發(fā)/音的字母組合歸納音的字母組合歸納 oi: oil boil coin point spoil oy: boy toy joy enjoy destroy annoy發(fā)/音的字母組合歸納音的字母組合歸納 ear: ear hear tear year d

18、ear near appear disappear clear eer: deer beer pioneer engineer ea: real really e: series ere: here severe發(fā)/e/音的字母組合歸納音的字母組合歸納 air: air hair chair pair ear: pear bear wear ere: there where eir: their heir are : dare share care careful發(fā)/音的字母組合歸納音的字母組合歸納 oor: poor our: tour ure: sure Now, read the fol

19、lowing tongue twisters 1. There is no need to light a night light on a light night like tonight. 2. Ten tiny tigers tied ten tiny ties on their tiny tails. 3. A noise annoys an oyster, but a noisy noise annoys an oyster more! 4. The man with fair hair dare not repair their chair there because there

20、is a bear there. 輔音（consonants)清輔音：清輔音：p t k f s濁輔音：濁輔音：b d g v z 清輔音：清輔音： t tr ts濁輔音：濁輔音：3 d3 dr dz半元音：半元音： w j 似拼音： l h r 鼻 音：m n p possible polite pay open proper prepare problem please play plane b bike bake bus boy bee bank bring break bright blow blue block blame t tea tie town toy take liked

21、helped d day dog duck death planned studied k kite cake coat clone black block back pack antique unique g get go good gain gather ghost guest guide dialogue f fine fate knife wife life photo phone laugh cough enough photo fly float fresh frame v very visit arrive cave five via victory s see sight cl

22、ass exciting say city nice stops likes eggs slow slip snow smart speak sky school study z zoo design exam example exactly pens cars enjoys pays think-thought-thought thing mouth thank thin these those the they then than show shout shake shine ocean sure pleasure, television decision measure revision

23、 t teachteacher much March catch match d geography giant German gesture George orange cage bridge judge jacket jet tr true tray train tree try trunk tradition traffic transport trade translation travel treat trend dr draw dry drill driver dress drama dragon drug drop drum ts kites plates dots dz add

24、s towards stands m May I have some milk, mum? n Nora knows the new comer. night nose now know knowledge knife London Eastern woolen ring sing song king speaking bank rank h have hot hate house who whole r read write wrong l land little middle castle puzzle world w wall wait when why what whether j y

25、es yellow year your yawn yell 1 1、音的濁化：、音的濁化： 以以sp-, sp-, stst-, -, sksk- -開(kāi)頭的開(kāi)頭的音節(jié)，清輔音音節(jié)，清輔音/p/ /t/ /k/p/ /t/ /k/分別要發(fā)濁輔分別要發(fā)濁輔音音/b/ /d/ /g/b/ /d/ /g/。speak spy spend spoil spill spare Spain study stay stand stood straight stageschool skirt skate sky skiing 語(yǔ)音的基本常識(shí)語(yǔ)音的基本常識(shí) 2、不完全爆破：爆破音、不完全爆破：爆破音p b t d

26、 k g 后面緊跟另一個(gè)爆破音時(shí)，前后面緊跟另一個(gè)爆破音時(shí)，前面的那個(gè)爆破音只在口腔內(nèi)形成阻礙，面的那個(gè)爆破音只在口腔內(nèi)形成阻礙，而不能完全讀出。而不能完全讀出。 e.g. basketball perfect doctor exactly active stopped liked 語(yǔ)音的基本常識(shí)語(yǔ)音的基本常識(shí) 語(yǔ)音的基本常識(shí)語(yǔ)音的基本常識(shí) 3、連讀：、連讀： (1) 在一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或句子中，如果相鄰兩詞的關(guān)在一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或句子中，如果相鄰兩詞的關(guān)系相當(dāng)密切，而前一個(gè)詞以輔音結(jié)尾，后一系相當(dāng)密切，而前一個(gè)詞以輔音結(jié)尾，后一個(gè)詞以元音開(kāi)頭，輔音和元素連在一起讀。個(gè)詞以元音開(kāi)頭，輔音和元素連在一起讀。 a

27、 lot of get rid of not at all Please stand in a line to buy tickets. Im afraid she wont agree. There are two cats on the table. He lay there as if he was dead.語(yǔ)音的基本常識(shí)語(yǔ)音的基本常識(shí) 3、連讀：、連讀： (2) 為使說(shuō)話流暢，詞末尾元音可以和詞首元為使說(shuō)話流暢，詞末尾元音可以和詞首元音連讀。音連讀。 Tom is the only son of the old couple. He works day in and day out.

28、 （3）以）以r-或或re-結(jié)尾的單詞，結(jié)尾的單詞，r一般不發(fā)音，一般不發(fā)音，但當(dāng)后面接元音時(shí)但當(dāng)后面接元音時(shí)r或或re發(fā)發(fā)/r/，并與后面的元，并與后面的元音連讀：音連讀： I looked for it here and there. 4、意群的停頓：、意群的停頓： 對(duì)于一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的句子，可以根對(duì)于一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的句子，可以根據(jù)意思和結(jié)構(gòu)將其分成幾群據(jù)意思和結(jié)構(gòu)將其分成幾群,一個(gè)意群必須一口氣一個(gè)意群必須一口氣說(shuō)完。說(shuō)完。 Millions of other stars /are bigger and brighter /than the sun. One of our teachers/ is

29、going to speak/ at the meeting. What he has done/ is great. The young man /asked me the way. He opened the door /and went out. I lost my watch, /which was a gift from my best friend Sally,/ while I stayed in London.語(yǔ)音的基本常識(shí)語(yǔ)音的基本常識(shí) 5. 輔音連綴：一個(gè)單詞中有兩個(gè)或更多輔音連綴：一個(gè)單詞中有兩個(gè)或更多的輔音連在一起，叫輔音連綴的輔音連在一起，叫輔音連綴; 發(fā)第一發(fā)第一個(gè)

30、輔音時(shí)輕而短，發(fā)第二個(gè)輔音時(shí)重個(gè)輔音時(shí)輕而短，發(fā)第二個(gè)輔音時(shí)重而長(zhǎng)。不要在兩個(gè)輔音之間加入元音，而長(zhǎng)。不要在兩個(gè)輔音之間加入元音，也不能吞掉任何一個(gè)輔音。也不能吞掉任何一個(gè)輔音。 /sm/ smoke smile smell /sn/ snake snow /bl/ black blue blow blame block /gl/ glass glance glad /gr/ grass grow grandfather語(yǔ)音的基本常識(shí)語(yǔ)音的基本常識(shí) /fr/ free from fresh frame /fl/ flow flesh fly flame /tw/ twin twelve /pl

31、/ please play plain plot/pr/ proper prepare present proposal problem/st/ west last best /ft/ left gift swift /kst/ text mixed/ld/ field build controlled/ks/ lakes fax likes bikes 語(yǔ)音的基本常識(shí)語(yǔ)音的基本常識(shí) 6. 動(dòng)詞或名詞詞尾加動(dòng)詞或名詞詞尾加-es/-s或或-ed/-d時(shí)發(fā)時(shí)發(fā)音規(guī)則。音規(guī)則。(1)加加-es/-s動(dòng)詞或名詞詞尾加動(dòng)詞或名詞詞尾加-es/-s的輔音連綴應(yīng)的輔音連綴應(yīng)注意以下三點(diǎn)：注意以下三點(diǎn)：以清

32、輔音結(jié)尾（以清輔音結(jié)尾（/s/、/t/、/、 /t/除除外）的名詞加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾及動(dòng)詞加第三人外）的名詞加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾及動(dòng)詞加第三人稱單數(shù)稱單數(shù)-es/-s時(shí)，應(yīng)發(fā)成清輔音時(shí)，應(yīng)發(fā)成清輔音/s/。如：。如：名詞：名詞：desks，cups，snakes，tips動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞：takes，slips，looks，helps以濁輔音（以濁輔音（/d/d/、/z/z/、 / /d / /除外）除外）或元音結(jié)尾的名詞加復(fù)數(shù)結(jié)尾及動(dòng)詞加第或元音結(jié)尾的名詞加復(fù)數(shù)結(jié)尾及動(dòng)詞加第三人稱單數(shù)三人稱單數(shù)- -es/-ses/-s時(shí)，應(yīng)發(fā)成濁輔音時(shí)，應(yīng)發(fā)成濁輔音/z/z/。如：如：名詞：名詞：wives, apples, d

33、ogs, ideas動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞：ties, frightens, moves, performs 以以/s/s/、/ / /、/ / /、/z/z/、 / /d / /音結(jié)音結(jié)尾的名詞加復(fù)數(shù)及動(dòng)詞后加第三人稱單數(shù)尾的名詞加復(fù)數(shù)及動(dòng)詞后加第三人稱單數(shù)- -es/-ses/-s時(shí)，應(yīng)發(fā)成時(shí)，應(yīng)發(fā)成/ /Iz Iz/ /。如：。如：名詞：名詞：classes, bushes, watches, oranges動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞：brushes, catches, rises, ranges(2)加加-ed動(dòng)詞詞尾加動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed的輔音連綴要注意以下幾的輔音連綴要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：點(diǎn)：以清輔音結(jié)尾（以清輔音結(jié)尾

34、（/t/除外）的動(dòng)詞，詞尾除外）的動(dòng)詞，詞尾加加-ed發(fā)清輔音發(fā)清輔音/t/。如：如：helped, watched, looked, jumped。以濁輔音（以濁輔音（/d/除外）或元音結(jié)尾的動(dòng)除外）或元音結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，詞尾加詞，詞尾加-ed發(fā)濁輔音發(fā)濁輔音/d/。如：如： appeared，explained，harmed，owned。以以/t/、/d/結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞詞尾加結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed讀作讀作/id/。 如：如： defeated，founded，imported，loaded。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音基本常識(shí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音基本常識(shí)7: 7: 語(yǔ)調(diào)語(yǔ)調(diào)1. 降調(diào)：降調(diào)： 降調(diào)表示降調(diào)表示語(yǔ)義完結(jié)，語(yǔ)氣肯定語(yǔ)

35、義完結(jié)，語(yǔ)氣肯定。一。一般陳述句、命令祈使句和特殊問(wèn)句等用降調(diào)。般陳述句、命令祈使句和特殊問(wèn)句等用降調(diào)。She will come tomorrow. Sit down, please. Where have you been? 2. 升調(diào)：升調(diào)： 升調(diào)的基本含義是升調(diào)的基本含義是“未結(jié)束未結(jié)束”、“不肯定不肯定”。 一般疑問(wèn)句用升調(diào)。一般疑問(wèn)句用升調(diào)。Do you know him? 3. 選擇疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)調(diào)：選擇疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)調(diào)： 選擇疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)調(diào)選擇疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)調(diào)主要有兩種。主要有兩種。(1) 在說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的在說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的幾項(xiàng)幾項(xiàng)中選擇時(shí)，中選擇時(shí)，前面的前面的選擇事項(xiàng)用升調(diào)，最后的一項(xiàng)用降調(diào)，中間選擇事項(xiàng)用升調(diào)，最后的一項(xiàng)用降調(diào)，中間的連接詞，如的連接詞，如or用平調(diào)。用平調(diào)。例：例： Do you choose to leave( )or stay( )? Does she go to school by bike( ) or on foot( )?(2) 如果還有其他選擇說(shuō)話人如果還有其他選擇說(shuō)話人沒(méi)說(shuō)出來(lái)時(shí)，沒(méi)說(shuō)出來(lái)時(shí)，說(shuō)話人說(shuō)的幾項(xiàng)都用升調(diào)。說(shuō)話人說(shuō)的幾項(xiàng)都用升調(diào)。 例：例： Would you like red( ) or blue( ).? Are these books Marys( ) or Mi