CollegeEnglishBook2Unit66

1、Unit 6 The Making of a Surgeon外科醫(yī)師的成功之道外科醫(yī)師的成功之道 I. Word Study and Word Building1. surgical a. of, by, or for surgery 外科的；手術的外科的；手術的Note: surgery n. 外科，外科手術外科，外科手術 surgeon n. 外科醫(yī)生外科醫(yī)生e.g. Surgical masks and gloves prevent infection. The surgical patient was attended (to) by two nurses. 2.emergency n

2、. 緊急情況緊急情況;急癥急癥Root: emerge v.e.g. The President declared a state of emergency after the earthquake. an emergency exit: 緊急出口緊急出口 an emergency room: 急救室急救室 an emergency department:急診部急診部 an emergency landing: 緊急降落緊急降落Note: in case of emergency:在緊急情況下在緊急情況下3. critical a. (1) 緊要的緊要的;關鍵性的關鍵性的; 危急的；決定性的危

3、急的；決定性的e.g. Millions of people watched TV that night to learn the critical decision. Heroes emerge at critical moments in history. Note: criticize v. criticism n. crisis n. critic n. 批評家批評家(2) fault-finding 批評的，批判批評的，批判的的e.g. She blushed upon hearing those critical remarks. My boss is always critica

4、l of me / my carelessness. Note: be critical of : 對對譴責，不譴責，不滿，苛求滿，苛求4. particular a. (1) 特定的；某特定的；某一的一的e.g. The bus driver is usually polite, but in this particular case he lost his temper. Scientists are now interested in this particular planet since there seem to be some signs of life on it.(2) sp

5、ecial 特殊的，特別的，特殊的，特別的，特有的特有的e.g. Particular attention was given to the orphan girl. The particular nature of his job keeps James Bond on guard all the time. (3) hard to satisfy （過分）講（過分）講究的，挑剔的究的，挑剔的e.g. Women are usually particular as to what they wear. British people are said to be very particular

6、 about their food when they travel abroad. Note: be particular about: 對對挑剔挑剔(n.) detail 詳情，細目詳情，細目e.g. The design of a spaceship must be correct in every particular. Time is limited so dont go into particulars now.Note: in particular: 特別，尤其特別，尤其5. case n. (1) 病例病例e.g. Emergency / urgent cases must b

7、e treated first. There has been several cases of yellow fever in the past month.(2) 情況；事例；實情情況；事例；實情e.g. Suffering can have beneficial results and certainly I know that was true in my case. That being the case, she has to cancel her appointment.(3) 案件；訴訟案件；訴訟e.g. The jury will hear this case soon. T

8、he case is still under police investigation. Note:in any case 無論如何無論如何 in case 假使，免得，以防（萬一）假使，免得，以防（萬一）in case of 假使，萬一，以防萬一假使，萬一，以防萬一 in no case 決不，在任何情況下都不決不，在任何情況下都不in the case of 就就.來說；至于來說；至于in this /that case 在這（那）種情況下，如在這（那）種情況下，如果這樣果這樣a case in point 恰當?shù)睦?，例證恰當?shù)睦?，例證be the case 是真實的是真實的6. co

9、nstant a. (1) 不斷的，連續(xù)不斷的，連續(xù)發(fā)生的發(fā)生的e.g. The rent is low because of the constant noise from the mill. Headache is her constant complaint.(2) 始終如一的，持久不變的始終如一的，持久不變的e.g. Temperature is at a constant 26 degrees in this hotel. I wonder if love is constant.(3) faithful 忠實的，忠誠的忠實的，忠誠的e.g. He alone remains con

10、stant to the quick-tempered musician.Note: be constant to 7. sound a. (1) 正確的；合理的正確的；合理的e.g. Dont act on impulse. You must have sound reasons for firing a person. You can depend on her for a sound judgment / choice.(2) healthy; in good condition 健康的，健全的，完好的健康的，健全的，完好的e.g. I doubt if he is sound in m

11、ind?8. confident a. 自信的自信的e.g. The applicant feels confident that he will be accepted. During the interview, the coach said he was confident of his teams winning the game.Note: be confident of : 對對有信心有信心 be confident that-clause：確信：確信Note: confidence n.have / lose confidence in 對對有有（失去）信心（失去）信心 in c

12、onfidence 秘密地秘密地 break sb.s confidence 辜負某人辜負某人的信任的信任 with confidence 滿懷信心地滿懷信心地考題：考題：We need a chairman _.A. for whom everyone has confidenceB. in whom everyone has confidenceC. who everyone has confidence ofD. whom everyone has confidence onAnswer: B. 我們需要一個人人信賴的主我們需要一個人人信賴的主席。席。9. handle (v.) (1)

13、 manage; deal with 處理處理, 應付，對待應付，對待e.g. A manager must know how to handle his men. This book handles the problem of inflation. (2) touch; take up 觸，摸，拿觸，摸，拿e.g. Glass handle with care. The stamp collector washes his hand before handling stamps.(3) operate; direct; train 操作操作e.g. After two months tra

14、ining, the worker now handles the machine with ease. Napoleon is very good at handling troops.(n.) 柄柄, 把手把手e.g. the handle of a cup the handle of a bicycle a door handle10. anticipate v. 預期，預期，預料預料，期望期望e.g. I anticipate having an enjoyable working relationship with you all. We anticipate that we wil

15、l meet a certain amount of resistance to our plan.Note: anticipation n. anticipate doing sth. anticipate that 11. inevitably ad. unavoidably 不可避免地不可避免地e.g. Death comes inevitably.考題：考題： A series of border incidents would _lead the two countries to war. A. inevitably B. consistently C. uniformly D. p

16、ersistentlyAnswer: A. 邊境的一系列事件將不可避免邊境的一系列事件將不可避免地導致這兩個國家的戰(zhàn)爭。地導致這兩個國家的戰(zhàn)爭。Note: consistently, uniformly一致地，連貫一致地，連貫地，始終如一地地，始終如一地 persistently 堅持、持續(xù)、堅持、持續(xù)、不斷地不斷地考題：考題： We are _ faced with the necessity to recognize that having more people implies a lower standard of living. A. readily B. smoothly C. i

17、nevitably D. deliberatelyAnswer: C. 我們不可避免地面臨有必要承我們不可避免地面臨有必要承認還有更多的人生活水平很低。認還有更多的人生活水平很低。Note: readily: 樂意地；容易地樂意地；容易地smoothly: 光光滑地，順利地滑地，順利地deliberately: 深思熟慮地，深思熟慮地，故意地，不慌不忙地故意地，不慌不忙地12. responsibility n. (1) 責任，責任，責任心責任心e.g. A terrorist group claimed responsibility for the suicide bomb. The arc

18、hitect assumes / takes / accepts responsibility for designing the museum.Note: assume / take / accept : 承擔責任承擔責任 a sense of responsibility: 責任感責任感cf. responsibility n. duty 職責，義務職責，義務II. Introductory QuestionWhat quality, according to Dr. Nolen, is essential in the making of a surgeon and at what po

19、int of time does a doctor finally become a surgeon? III. Language Points (Reference背景知識背景知識) 1. draw to a close: come to an end 結(jié)束結(jié)束e.g. This semester is drawing to a close.cf. The ceremony was brought to a close by the singing of the national anthem.3. treat 治療，醫(yī)治治療，醫(yī)治, cure 治愈治愈e.g. Which doctors

20、are treating her for her illness? The bone fracture in the truck drivers left leg was being carefully treated. This medicine should cure you of your cold.Note: cure sb. of sth. : 治好病人的疾病治好病人的疾病4. encounter vt. 遭到；意外地遭到；意外地遇見遇見e.g. On the train I encountered (or: chanced to meet) an old friend of min

21、e who I had not seen for ages. He encountered (or: met with) many difficulties on his journey around the world.cf. He promised to meet her at the airport. be confronted with: 面臨面臨 run into: 偶然碰到偶然碰到(口語口語)5. have trouble doing sth.: have difficulty doing sth.e.g. The boy had a lot of trouble getting

22、up in winter. Such a pleasant girl as she has no trouble making friends with people.6. resolve (v.) (1) solve 解決解決e.g. The dispute was resolved through mediation. To the amazement of all, the little boy resolved the equation in five minutes. (2) decide 決定，決意決定，決意e.g. He resolved that nothing would h

23、old him back. The Party resolved to pay more attention to economic development.Note: resolve to do sth. : 決心做某事決心做某事 resolve that : 決定決定(n.) 決心，決意決心，決意e.g. On New Years Day, he made a resolve to go jogging twice a week. By March his resolve was so weakened that he jogged twice a month.Note: make a r

24、esolve to do sth. : 決心做決心做某事某事7. live with: accept (sth. unpleasant) 學會適應；容忍學會適應；容忍e.g. Most of us dont like the new regulations, but we have to learn to live with them. You must live with the fact you are no longer as healthy as you were. 8. dwell on: 老是想著；祥述；老是想著；祥述；強調(diào)強調(diào)e.g. Let bygones by bygones

25、. Dont dwell so much on the past. The speaker dwelt on that point for more than an hour.9. be bound to: be certain to; be sure to 一定一定， 必然必然e.g. You are bound to succeed if you keep on trying. Its bound to rain. Look! The clouds are gathering quickly.Note: be bound to do sth. (不定式不定式)10. butterflies

26、 in ones stomach: 忐忑不安忐忑不安e.g. When the young man walked into the office to see headmaster, he had butterflies in his stomach. Whenever he gets up in front of his audience, he had butterflies in his stomach, no matter how many times he does it.11. in advance: ahead of time; beforehand 預先，事前預先，事前e.g.

27、 You have to pay the rent in advance. Children with bad hearts must be studied carefully so that the surgeon will know in advance what type of operation he will have to perform on them.12. sweat (v.) perspire 流汗流汗e.g. He sweated heavily during the marathon race.(n.) perspiration 汗汗e.g. The sweat bro

28、ke out on his forehead. We were all in a cold sweat over the test. 14. operate on: 給給 做手術，做手術，給給 開刀開刀e.g. Have you ever been operated on? Ill have to have my stomach operated on.15. sit on: 拖延；擱置（指忽視而拖延；擱置（指忽視而不進行處理）不進行處理）e.g. I sent in my application in good time, but the secretary sat on it for a

29、month. We should not sit on those who need help.16. sole a. 唯一的，單獨的唯一的，單獨的e.g. His sole wish is to live an undisturbed life. Drunken driving was the sole cause of the accident.Note: sole指責任不容分享，分擔，是指責任不容分享，分擔，是“獨有的，專有的獨有的，專有的” 的含義不能用的含義不能用only 替代，如替代，如the sole agent 獨家代理獨家代理商商17. avoid vt. escape避免避

30、免e.g. For fear of kidnappers, parents tell their children to avoid speaking strangers in the street. Nurses spoke in a low voice to avoid wakening the patient. Note: avoid + doing18. chances are / were (that): it is / was likely (that) 很可很可能能e.g. Chances are he has already heard the news. Chances ar

31、e that we will win the game.19. conceited a. 自負的自負的e.g. The conceited actor behaved as if he were the greatest man in the world. The conceited rabbit was beaten by the turtle in their race.Chinese-English Translation1. If / As long as you keep (on) trying, you will be able to resolve this difficult

32、problem sooner or later.2. We anticipate encountering / that we will encounter resistance to our plan / our plan will meet with resistance.Chinese-English Translation3. Jims friends said that the noise pollution in their city was terrible, but they had to live with it.4. At first Tom thought that with his knowledge, skill and experience he was bound to find a