大學(xué)英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試教程

1、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試教程英語(yǔ)閱讀技巧識(shí)別難字（Word Attack Strategies)確認(rèn)暗含意（indentifying the implied idea)得出推論 （Making Inferences)理解論點(diǎn)（Reading Arguments)區(qū)別觀點(diǎn)和事實(shí)（Distinguishing Fact from Opinion)找出作者意圖(Identifying Authors Purpose)文章連貫(Text Coherence)概括主題(Recognizing generalizations)做結(jié)論(Making Conclusions)識(shí)別難字（Word Attack Stra

2、tegies)閱讀時(shí)你也許常會(huì)遇到生單詞或短語(yǔ)，通過(guò)對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的理解你有可能知道其含義比如，利用這句話其他單詞，其他段落句子，或者按常理推斷。這里有4種很典型的類(lèi)型。識(shí)別難字（Word Attack Strategies)1.定義以及重述（Definition and restatement) For example:Modern medicine and new methods of food production allow adults to live longer and babies to survive, not die soon after birth. 此時(shí)重述“not die

3、”的使用使我們得知survive(生存)的含義。同樣在短語(yǔ)“that is”之后也常使用定義及重述，對(duì)前面生詞解釋。 識(shí)別難字（Word Attack Strategies) 2.具有相反意思的生詞（Words with opposite meaning) For example:Most of us see everything as independent from one another.But the reality is that everything is part of one interconnected,interrelated whole. 通過(guò)“but”，我們能推測(cè)int

4、erconnected，interrelated一定與independent有相反的含義。 識(shí)別難字（Word Attack Strategies) 3.舉例（Examples） For example：The simplest way to help the environment is not to impact on it.Tread as lightly as you can,taking as little as possible ,and putting back as much as you can . Impact 能通過(guò)下一句的例子treading lightly,takin

5、g little and putting back much(輕走，不拿，多給）得出含義：影響，作用。識(shí)別難字（Word Attack Strategies)4.按常理（Common sense)For example:Trees bring water up from the ground,allowing water to evaporate into the atmosphere.按常理evaporate肯定是“to change from a liquid state to a gas”即：蒸發(fā)。確認(rèn)暗含意（indentifying the implied idea) 要明白作者聲明以

6、及暗含的相關(guān)含義，得首先回答兩個(gè)問(wèn)題“What is the topic of the paragraph?”和“What does the author want me to know about that topic?”也許第二個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案好找，文章中沒(méi)現(xiàn)成的答案。那么，這就要推斷作者的隱含義了。在含有隱含義的段落中，作者雖然不會(huì)明講，往往會(huì)給出一些細(xì)節(jié)。此時(shí)，需要仔細(xì)閱讀找出連接文章的接點(diǎn)。確認(rèn)暗含意（indentifying the implied idea) For example: direct marketing today occurs either in the form o

7、f a direct response, which requires a salesperson to complete the sale, or by direct order, which is a sale made without a personal sales call. More broadly, direct marketing is the selling of products without a shop, as with Avon. Com or Amway. Comproducts. Telemarketing, catalog shopping, personal

8、ized mailings, and trial offers are all ways to conduct direct marketing. 確認(rèn)暗含意（indentifying the implied idea)What is the topic of the paragraph? Direct marketing What does the author want you to know about direct marketing ? Direct marketing is the way online companies often conduct their business.

9、得出推論 （Making Inferences)推論不僅使我們明白作者所意，還會(huì)使我們更能體會(huì)文章主旨。它要求我們通過(guò)表面的詞句發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)含義，聯(lián)系明示和暗示，得到作者沒(méi)有直接表達(dá)的意思。得出推論 （Making Inferences)在描述人物中For example:In the mirror john bell noticed that his hair was graying at the temples. As he picked up the morning paper, he realized that he could no longer see well at all witho

10、ut his glasses. Looking at the hands holding the paper he saw that they were wrinkled 從作者描述此人物方式，我們可推斷他意識(shí)到自己正在變老了，但是作者并沒(méi)講明，全靠我們從作者提供的事實(shí)才能得知。得出推論 （Making Inferences) 理解論點(diǎn)（Reading Arguments)找到閱讀材料的論點(diǎn)對(duì)于讀者理解他的觀點(diǎn)是很重要的。把作者的論點(diǎn)放在腦子里面，去找到其他的一些論據(jù)，能更好地把握作者的本意。理解論點(diǎn)（Reading Arguments) For example：If women are me

11、rcilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be pu

12、t aside because of the change of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a women is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.理解論點(diǎn)（Reading Arguments)這個(gè)短文的論點(diǎn)很容易找到If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have

13、 only themselves to blame. 那么剩下的部分都是用來(lái)支持他這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的了。區(qū)別觀點(diǎn)和事實(shí)（Distinguishing Fact from Opinion)事實(shí)是那些可以被確認(rèn)的真是的聲明。而觀點(diǎn)用來(lái)表達(dá)主觀感情，態(tài)度或信仰，有待確定是否真實(shí)。區(qū)別觀點(diǎn)和事實(shí)（Distinguishing Fact from Opinion)For example:事實(shí)（Facts）1. The average American adults spend 25 hours per week on housework. 2. U.S. military spending has increa

14、sed over the past ten years. 區(qū)別觀點(diǎn)和事實(shí)（Distinguishing Fact from Opinion)Opinions1. By the year 2020 tobacco should have become illegal, as various other drugs are currently illegal. 2. If John F. Kennedy had lived, the United States would have become quite different. 找出作者意圖(Identifying Authors Purpose

15、)要明白作者的意圖，首先，應(yīng)該弄清楚文章主要內(nèi)容，作者的意圖往往和內(nèi)容相關(guān)。其次，根據(jù)內(nèi)容不要妄加想象推測(cè)意圖。因此，了解文章的大意是掌握作者意圖的關(guān)鍵。找出作者意圖(Identifying Authors Purpose)下面是一些常見(jiàn)的用來(lái)表達(dá)作者意圖，態(tài)度的詞：positive（積極）; negative, （消極）neutral（中立） critical （批判）, doubtful（懷疑）, indifferent（漠然） concerned（關(guān)心）, pessimistic （悲觀）, optimistic（樂(lè)觀）, impartial（公正）, objective（客觀）, su

16、bjective（主觀）, ironic（諷刺）, polite（禮貌）, humorous（幽默）, etc. 找出作者意圖(Identifying Authors Purpose)下列的問(wèn)題可以對(duì)你找到作者的意圖有些幫助：1. Who is the intended audience?2. What is the tone? 3. What is the point of view?4. Does the author try to prove anything about the subject? If so, what? 文章連貫(Text Coherence)連貫意味段落中句子意思地

17、連貫表達(dá)。段落中句子或者在邏輯，或者在語(yǔ)法上是彼此聯(lián)系的。通常，一個(gè)段落中所有的句子都應(yīng)給予同樣的關(guān)注。文章連貫(Text Coherence)For example:Now, in Austin, there were nightmares. I would dream either of friends being shot dead, or see pools of blood spilling from bullet- riddled bodies, or that I myself was the target of gunfire. I would wake up in a swe

18、at, terrified of going back to sleep. During the day, the sound of police or ambulance sirens made me jumpy. 文章連貫(Text Coherence)Helicopters flying overhead made me uneasy. I had to constantly remind myself that these were most often civilian and not military helicopters. I had to remind myself that

19、 the ambulances were not rushing to evacuate wounded demonstrators.文章連貫(Text Coherence) 1. What is the paragraph mainly about? My fear 2. How are the first three sentences coherent with each other? they are all about nightmare I have 概括主題(Recognizing generalizations)概括基于對(duì)整體中部分的觀察和實(shí)踐而對(duì)整體做的結(jié)論。比如，你在校園里

20、采訪一部分同學(xué)，問(wèn)每一位他們?yōu)槭裁瓷洗髮W(xué)，那么，每個(gè)人都說(shuō)他（她）為了將來(lái)找個(gè)工作。當(dāng)然，直到你問(wèn)完全校所有同學(xué)，你是不會(huì)確信這種說(shuō)法代表全部人的意見(jiàn)。概括主題(Recognizing generalizations)這里有些概括有道理，但另一些也許你就不會(huì)同意。For example：1. All college freshmen are confused and disoriented during their first week on campus. 2. Most parents are concerned for the happiness of their children. 概

21、括主題(Recognizing generalizations)3. Psychology instructors are interested in the psychology of learning. 4. College students are more interested in social life than scholarship. 概括主題(Recognizing generalizations)切記概括不是事實(shí)，它僅代表作者關(guān)于一系列特別事實(shí)的判斷。概括主題(Recognizing generalizations) For example:The wedding is a

22、 tradition that most young adults still value. Most engaged couples carefully plan their wedding and regard it as an important occasion in their life. Couples are also very concerned that their ceremony follows rules of etiquette and that everything is done ?just so.? Most give a great deal of atten

23、tion to personalizing their ceremony, including their own vows, songs, and symbols.做結(jié)論(Making Conclusions)合理的結(jié)論是基于事實(shí)和證據(jù)，而不應(yīng)該取決于自己的觀點(diǎn)及喜好。細(xì)心的讀者閱讀時(shí)一定常會(huì)想他們讀的是什么，試著解釋和理解文章所出現(xiàn)的文字，這樣的話，他們就可以基于作者的言論而得出自己的結(jié)論。做結(jié)論(Making Conclusions)For example：The attitude of the teacher toward his/her pupils does much to for

24、m the opinion that they have of themselves. If he/she expresses faith in his/her pupils, recognizes their strong points, and adjusts the work to their capacities, he/she is apt to condition them to have desirable attitudes about themselves and their work. 做結(jié)論(Making Conclusions) On the other hand, i

25、f he/she displays contempt for their abilities, minimizes their efforts, and is inflexible in his/her requirements, he/she will help develop associations that may give rise to unhappy emotional states. When these associations come to mind, the emotions surrounding them will be restored to the former

26、 state. The emotions may be either stimulating or depressing. 做結(jié)論(Making Conclusions) 下面通過(guò)上述方法思考幾道問(wèn)題： 1. It can be concluded from the passage that a student?s attitude toward a subject is most strongly influenced by _. A) the students likes and dislikes of the subject itself B) the teachers likes an

27、d dislikes about the subject C) the teacher?s reactions to the student D) the students capacity for emotional control做結(jié)論(Making Conclusions)第一句就告訴大家，老師對(duì)學(xué)生的態(tài)度能使學(xué)生形成自己的態(tài)度和情感。接下來(lái)的文字又講到了老師的兩種類(lèi)型的態(tài)度。因此，這個(gè)開(kāi)場(chǎng)白就闡述了這篇短文的主要觀點(diǎn)。所以，學(xué)生的態(tài)度被老師影響，他對(duì)一事物的反應(yīng)會(huì)看老師的臉色。因此，C為正確答案。做結(jié)論(Making Conclusions)其實(shí)講了這么多閱讀技巧，只不過(guò)是給同學(xué)們一些參考的建議。只要讀多了，無(wú)論用什么訣竅，都能明白作者的意圖。做結(jié)論(Making Conclusions) 從每次閱讀中來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)新單詞，把每一次所遇到的難點(diǎn)弄明白。其中，句子復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)此類(lèi)問(wèn)題是較容易解決的從復(fù)雜句子的主干入手。其他有關(guān)英語(yǔ)生僻的表達(dá)婦女更是，需要一個(gè)一個(gè)記。最后，平時(shí)廣泛涉獵各種只是也是很有必要的。每一篇閱讀或者講人文，或地理，或科技等等。也許，有時(shí)真正難于理解的不是英語(yǔ)，而是它所表達(dá)的