小升初語法專題---數(shù)詞形容詞

1、數(shù)詞、形容詞知識(shí)精要1 .數(shù)詞概述及用法；2 .形容詞概述及用法；第一講：數(shù)詞的概述及用法基數(shù)詞：表示人或事物數(shù)量多少的詞.序數(shù)詞：表示人或事物的順序的詞.往往和定冠詞the連用.一.基數(shù)詞.1.基數(shù)詞的讀法.1)1-12 :one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve2)13-19:詞尾力口-teen : thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen 3)20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 :逢十詞尾力口 -t

2、y :twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety4) 21-99:在十位與個(gè)位之間加連字符構(gòu)成.21-twenty-one 99-ninety-nine5)101-999 :先說幾百，再加and,再加末尾兩位數(shù)或個(gè)位數(shù).101-one hundred and one238-two hundred and thirty-eight6) 1000以上的數(shù)：先將數(shù)字從右往左數(shù)，每三位數(shù)用一個(gè)逗號(hào)隔開，從右往左第一個(gè)逗號(hào)表 示 千"讀thousand 第二個(gè)逗號(hào)表示 百萬"讀million第三個(gè)逗號(hào)表示十億“讀bill

3、ion英語中無"萬"這個(gè)詞，我們可以用"幾十個(gè)千(thousand)”表示幾萬，"幾百個(gè)千(thousand) "表示"幾十萬"。18, 657, 421-eighteen million, six hundred and fifty-seven thousand, four hundred and twenty-one.2, 510= two thousand five hundred and ten ;84, 296= eighty-four thousand two hundred and ninety-six ;27

4、4, 350 = two hundred and seventy-four thousand three hundred and fifty 。 【巧學(xué)妙記】巧記 100以內(nèi)的基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞不難記，找清規(guī)律很容易；十二以內(nèi)詞各異，十三數(shù)到十九去，后加teen莫忘記；二十、三十至九十，正式之后有-ty;要說 幾十幾”，中間-“'別丟棄;a hundred是 '百”，請(qǐng)你記住莫大意。二.序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞口訣：基變序，有規(guī)律，詞尾要加th. 一二三，特殊記，詞尾分別tddfirst second third )八去t,九去e, ve要用f替.ty變作tie,再加th莫忘記.若遇幾十

5、幾，只變個(gè)位就可以.1)英語序數(shù)詞的第一至第三需特殊記憶。first (1st) , second(2nd), third(3rd)2)序數(shù)詞中第四至第十九都是在基數(shù)詞后加th,但要注意第5、8、9、12的拼法：fifth、eighth、ninth、twelfth.3)序數(shù)詞中第20至第90的十的倍數(shù)是將基數(shù)詞詞尾的y改為i,再加-eth.twenty twentieth(第二十)eighty eightieth (第八十4)十以上的基數(shù)詞變成序數(shù)詞時(shí)，把個(gè)位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞即可，十位數(shù)不變。thirty-twothirty-second(第三十二)seventy-fiveseventy-fift

6、h(第七十五)5).序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式，在阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加上序數(shù)詞的最后兩個(gè)字母構(gòu)成。如：fifth 5thsecond 2nd基數(shù)詞規(guī)律：1,1至12各不同2, 13至19都以teen結(jié)尾3, 20至90的整十?dāng)?shù)都以ty結(jié)尾4, 21至91的非整數(shù)：整數(shù)與個(gè)數(shù)間加產(chǎn)5,百是 hundred,千是 thousand序數(shù)詞規(guī)律：1,第一至第三有獨(dú)立式2,第四至第十二加 th (除 fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth 外)3,整十?dāng)?shù)：y改I力口 eth4, 21至99間的非整十?dāng)?shù)：在整數(shù)基數(shù)詞后加”，然后加上個(gè)位序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)詞變序數(shù)詞口訣：基變序，有規(guī)律。一、二、三、特殊記，詞

7、尾字母 t, d, d. (first, second, third)。八減 t,九去 e, (eighth, ninth ) , f 來把 ve 替。t twelfth ).單詞ty作結(jié)尾，ty變成tie(twentieth).若是碰到幾十幾，只變個(gè)位就可以。三.數(shù)詞的應(yīng)用.1 .表編號(hào).結(jié)構(gòu)：名詞(首字母要大寫)+基數(shù)詞=the +序數(shù)詞+名詞Lesson One = the first lesson注：有些編號(hào)，一般僅用第一種表達(dá)法。Room 101101 號(hào)房間2 .序數(shù)詞前一般加定冠詞the但序數(shù)詞前與不定冠詞a /an連用時(shí),表示 又一，再一”Mr Brown has a seco

8、nd car.布朗先生另外還有一輛車。He has tried a second time. 他又嘗試了一次。You' ve done it three times. Why not try fourth time ?A. a B. an C. the D. /3 .基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示年代和年齡1）表示年代：in the +年份的復(fù)數(shù)在幾世紀(jì)幾十年代.在十九世紀(jì)七十年代._in the 1870sin the 1970s在20世紀(jì)70年代2）表年齡：in one '整十的復(fù)數(shù)表示在某人幾十歲時(shí)在他三十歲時(shí) ：in his thirties.4 . hundred / thou

9、sand /million /billion1） .若hundred / thousand /million /billion 前有基數(shù)詞時(shí)，其后不加s,也不加of.若沒有時(shí)既 加s也要帶of.three hundred seats 三百個(gè)座位hundreds of數(shù)以百計(jì)的，成百上千的thousands of數(shù)以千計(jì)的，成千上萬的millions of 數(shù)百萬的billions of數(shù)十億的Every year visitors come to China.There are two students in our school.A. thousand B. thousands C. tho

10、usands of D. thousand of5 .幾個(gè)半的表達(dá)法：基數(shù)詞 + and + a half +名詞復(fù)數(shù) =基數(shù)詞 +名詞（單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)）+and +a halftwo and a half hours = two hours and a half6 .時(shí)刻表達(dá)法：1）整點(diǎn)：基數(shù)詞+ o' clock2）幾點(diǎn)幾分：A）.直接讀法：先讀小時(shí)，后讀分鐘3:25 -three twenty-five8） .間接讀法：a） < 3價(jià)鐘.分鐘+ past +小時(shí)3:25 -twenty-five past threeb） >30分鐘.（60-分鐘）+ to + （小時(shí)數(shù)+

11、1）3:55 - five to fourc） 30 分鐘 =half 15 分鐘=a quarter 45 分鐘=three quarters3:30 -half past three 3:15-a quarter past three 3:45 -a quarter to four日常生活中的時(shí)間讀法常常簡(jiǎn)化，直接按基數(shù)詞的順序讀。7: 05-seven o five ; 7 ： 15- seven fifteen7.日期表達(dá)法：結(jié)構(gòu)：1).月日，年(日用序數(shù)詞，年用基數(shù)詞)注：年份的讀法：先讀前兩位數(shù)，再讀后兩位數(shù).讀日時(shí)要加the.2007 年 3 月 21 日.-March the

12、twenty-first, two thousand and seven. ( March 21th, 2007) 1900-nineteen hundred2008-two thousand eight 1999 年-nineteen ninety-nine ;2000-two thousand ;1905-nineteen o five ;2).日月年 (the +序數(shù)詞+of +月，年)2007 年 3 月 21 日-the twenty-first of March, two thousand and seven. 習(xí)慣寫作：March 21th,20071998 年 6月 8 日 寫

13、作：June 8, 1998;讀作：June the eighth, nineteen ninety-eight 或 the eighth of June , nineteen ninety-eight。2003 年 3 月 17 日，星期一 Monday, March the 17th, 2003.8 .分?jǐn)?shù)詞的表達(dá)法：1) .結(jié)構(gòu)：a).分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞.b).當(dāng)分子大于 1 時(shí)，分母加復(fù)數(shù).3/4- three fourths (three-fourths)2) .注意：a) .分?jǐn)?shù)詞的幾種特殊形式.1/3one third = a third1/4 one fourth =

14、a quarter1/2one second = a half 3/4three fourths = three quartersb) .分?jǐn)?shù)詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)分?jǐn)?shù)詞后面的名詞來確定.Two fifths of the milk(be ) drunk by Tom.One third of the students(be )girls.9 .表示百分?jǐn)?shù)5 % : five percent, 0. 8 % zero point eight percent.分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)與主謂一致分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)的考查往往和主謂一致相聯(lián)系。當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)修飾

15、不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如： Eighty percent of the students in our school come from Henan.我們學(xué)校百分之八十的學(xué)生來自河南。Three fourths of the students in my class are interested in English.我們班四分之三的學(xué)生對(duì)英語感興趣。Two thirds of the water on the earth is sea water.地球上三分之二的水是海水。10.基數(shù)詞常和一些計(jì)量類名詞單數(shù)“用'”連在一起，構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞，修飾名詞。 如:A twelve

16、-year-old boy一個(gè)十二歲的男孩a five-mile race 一次五英里的賽跑11、表示有小數(shù)的詞用基數(shù)詞。5. 5 five point five12. 135 twelve point one three five同步練習(xí)一、用英語寫出下列數(shù)字相對(duì)應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。1) 1 2) 23)3 4)85)9 6)127)5 8)209)8610)333二、將下列短語譯成英語。1.第十二課2.一個(gè)8歲的男孩3.第五中學(xué) 4.第14路公共汽車 5.三年六班 三、選擇題1. How many magazines do you have? I have.A. two B. both C

17、. twice D. the second2. Three hundred thousand one hundred and seventy means.A. 3,170 B. 3,117 C. 300,170 D. 30,1703. of them are dining at school.A. Twelve B. Twelfth C. The twelve D. the 12th4. We can say the number 78, 645 in English like this.A. seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-f

18、iveB. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty fiveC. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-fiveD. seventy eight thousand six hundred and forty-five5. Do you think there is any room for us?A. two B. the two C. second D. the second6. Which number is wrong?.A. Ninety B. Ninteen C. Ninth D.

19、Nineteenth7. other stars are much bigger and brighter than the sun .A . Thousands of B . Thousand of C. The thousand of D . Thousands8. We have learned about in recent years.A. several hundreds English wordsB. hundreds of English wordsC. hundred of English wordsD. several hundred English word9. Two

20、died of cold last winter.A. hundreds old people B. hundreds old peoplesC. hundred old people D. hundred old peoples10. They' ve planted trees on the hill.A. one million of B. millions ofC. two millions of D. million of答案：、 one/first, two/third, three/third, eight/eighth, nine/ninth, twelve/twelf

21、th, five/fifth, twenty/twentiethEighty-six/eighty; sixth, three hundred and thirty-three/three hundred and thirty-third二、1. the twelfth lesson 2. an eight years old boy 3. the number five middle school 4. the number fifteen bus 5. Class Six and Grade Six三、1-5, ACBDA 6-10, BABCB第一講：形容詞的概述及用法、形容詞是用來修飾

22、物體的形狀 .大小.長(zhǎng)度.屬性.特點(diǎn)等，位于名詞的前面，作定語。另外還口以位于be動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞后，作表語。大的big丑陋的ugly小的small聰明的smart長(zhǎng)的long遠(yuǎn)的far短的short有趣的interesting高的tall快的fast矮的short慢的slow強(qiáng)壯的strong忙碌的busy瘦的thin臟的dirty胖的fat熱的hot漂亮的beautiful冷的cold涼爽的cool快的quick好的good高興的happy深的deep寬的wide擔(dān)心的worried壞的bad很多many很多much、形容詞比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成1 .規(guī)則變化類別構(gòu)成方法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)單音節(jié)詞和少一

23、般直接加-er, -estlonglongerlongest以不發(fā)首的e結(jié)尾時(shí)加-er,-estlargelargerlargest以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾時(shí)把y變i,再加-er, -esteasyeasiereasiest數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有 一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，雙寫最后的 輔首字母，再加-er, -estbigbiggerbiggest多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在原級(jí)前加 more, mostbeautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautiful2.不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostbad/illworsew

24、orstlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolderoldestelderoldest【例題】Mary ' s brother is a doctor. He is four years than her.A. older, elder B. elder, elderC. elder, older D. older, older【解析】由than判定應(yīng)該用比較級(jí)，older指人的年紀(jì)大，而 elder主要表示兄弟姐妹之間 的長(zhǎng)幼關(guān)系?！敬鸢浮緾【即學(xué)即用】In our city, it ' s in July,

25、 but it is even in August.A. hotter, hottest B. hot, hotC. hotter, hotD. hot, hotter【答案】D二、形容詞原級(jí)的用法1. “A+be詞+as+原級(jí)+as+B”表示兩者程度相同，意為 “A和B一樣”。This dress is as expensive as that one.這個(gè)裙子和那個(gè)裙子一樣貴。2. " A+be詞+not+as/so+原級(jí)+as+B”表示兩者程度不一樣，意為 "A不如B"。The weather was not so hot as it is today.天氣

26、不像今天那么熱?！纠}】Listening is just as as speaking in language learning.A. importantB. more importantC. most importantD. themost important【解析】本題考查的是形容詞原級(jí)的用法，asas中間用形容詞的原級(jí)，故選Ao【答案】A【即學(xué)即用】This ball isn ' t so as that one. （big）【答案】big三、形容詞比較級(jí)的用法1 .表示兩者之間的比較，用“A + be +形容詞比較級(jí) + than + B.?！癟he story book i

27、s more interesting than the picture book.故事書比圖畫書更有趣。2 .表示哪一個(gè)或誰更 用"Which/Who is比匕較級(jí)，A or B? ”表示。Who is taller, Li Lei or Wang Tao?誰比較高，李雷還是王濤？3 .表示程度的副詞 even （甚至），much, a lot, a little / bit （一點(diǎn)），a few等修飾形容詞的 比較級(jí)。My bike is much newer than his.我的自行車比他的更新一些。4 .表示 越來越”時(shí)，用 比較級(jí) + and +比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)形容詞為多音

28、節(jié)詞或部 分雙音節(jié)詞時(shí)，用"more and more +形容詞原級(jí) ”。colder and colder 越來越冷more and more beautiful 越來越漂亮【例題】Miss Lu is older than Miss Gao.A. veryB. moreC. muchD. quite【解析】必須熟記表示形容詞不同程度的詞。Much修飾形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)，意為“得多”，類似修飾比較級(jí)的還有：a lot, a bit, a little, even, far等?！敬鸢浮緾【即學(xué)即用】The population of Australia is than that of

29、 China.A. fewerB. smallerC. largerD. more【答案】B四、形容詞最高級(jí)的用法1 .表示三者或三者以上的人或物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用最高級(jí)形式。形容詞最高級(jí)前必須加定冠詞the,句末常跟一個(gè)in/of短語來表示范圍。如：Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中國(guó)最大的城市。2 .表示在三者或三者以上的人或物種進(jìn)行選擇時(shí)，用"Which/Who is +the+最高級(jí)，A, B or C? 結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuz

30、hou?哪座城市最漂亮，北京，上海還是福州？3 .最的之一 ”時(shí)，用“one of the+形容詞最高級(jí) ”結(jié)構(gòu)，該形容詞后面的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers.周杰倫是最受歡迎的歌星之一。4形容詞最高級(jí)前面可以加序數(shù)詞，表示第幾個(gè)最”。如：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黃河是中國(guó)第二長(zhǎng)河。5.形容詞最高級(jí)前面可以有物主代詞，指示代詞，名詞所有格等修飾，要去掉the。如：This is our best lesson today.這是我

31、們今天最好的一節(jié)課?！纠}】Beijing is one of cities in the world.A. more beautifulB. the more beautifulC. most beautifulD. the most beautiful【解析】本題考查形容詞最高級(jí)的用法，最 的其中之一為“one of the影容詞最高級(jí) 故選D?！敬鸢浮緿【即學(xué)即用】Tom has five horses on the farm. The white one is of the five.A. youngerB. the youngest C. most young D. Young【答案

32、】B同步練習(xí)一.寫出下列形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)1. long 2. short3. big 4. early5. nice 6. fat7. strong 8. clean9. busy 10. thin11. tall 12. late13. hot 14. happy15. delicious16. beautiful17. interesting18. important19. popular20. expensive二.用下列詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. She is(tall) than me.2. This ball is(big) than that one.3. I ' m(t

33、hin) than you.4. This girl is(beautiful) than that one.5. Cookies are(delicious) than bread.6. The pig is(fat) than the dog.7. The pen is(expensive) than the pencil.8. The boy is(old) than the girl.9. This building is(high) than that one.10. The boy is(short) than me.答案、longer/longest, shorter /shor

34、test, bigger/biggest, earlier/earliest, nicer/nicest, fatter/fattest stronger/strongest, cleaner/cleanest, busier/busiest, thinner/thinnest, taller/tallest, later/latest, hotter/hottest, happier/happiest, more delicious/the most delicious more beautiful/the most beautiful, more important/the most im

35、portant,more popular/the most popular, more expensive/the most expensive、1-5, taller, bigger, thinner, more beautiful, more delicious 6-10, fatter, more expensive, older, higher, shorter單元過關(guān)1 .單項(xiàng)選擇()1. I'm two years than you.A. young B. shorter C. younger()2. Line up younger to older.A. from B.

36、atC. of()3. How big your feet ?A. isB. areC. it()4.?80cmA. How tall are you ? B. How long are your legs ? C. How old are you()5. Which monkey do you like?A. I like the yellow one. B. It's younger. C. It's nice.()6. How is your best friend?Thirteen years old.A. old B. tallC. heavy()7. How tal

37、l is Chen Jie ?A. He is 12 years old. B. I'm 147cm. C. She is 150cm.()8.當(dāng)你想知道湯姆有多高時(shí)，你應(yīng)該問： A、How long are you ? B. How tall are you ? C. How large are you ?()9.當(dāng)你想表達(dá) 你的床有多長(zhǎng)"？時(shí)，你應(yīng)該說： A. How long is your bed ? B. How big is your bed ? C. How large is your bed()10.當(dāng)你想知道你的朋友的體重時(shí)，你應(yīng)該說： A. How tal

38、l are you ? B. How old are you ? C. How heavy are you ?2 .選詞填空。1. I taller than John. ( is, am, are)2. you heavier than Tom? (is, am, are )3. She three years older than her litter sister. ( is, am, are )4. How is your brother? ( tall, taller, high )5. An elephant is, and it is than a panda. ( big, b

39、iger, bigger )3 .知識(shí)運(yùn)用1)完形填空Hello! I ' m Rose. I1 a clothing store. The name of 2 is All-all Clothing Store. Do you like T-shirts? We have T-shirts 3 a very good price-only 10 dollars. We have some black 4 for sports. They 5 11 dollars. Do you need 6 ? We have sweaters 7 white, red and green. _8_

40、 are 30 dollars. Oh, we 9 have pants for only 20 dollars. 10 to my storeand have a look.1. A. haveB. amC. hasD. is2. A. himB. herC. itD. they3. A. onB. ofC. forD. at4. A. storeB. pantC.shoesD. bag5. A. amB. isC. areD. have6. A. sweatersB. sports bagsC. red shoesD. pants7. A. onB. inC. atD. for8. A.

41、TheseB. ThoseC. TheyD. The9. A. tooB. alsoC. toD. and10. A. LikeB. SellC. GoD. Come2）閱讀理解Mary is having a big birthday party. There will be a cake with candles. Some people will bring birthday presents. Let ' s look at birthday in some different countries around the world. Argentina: Ear pulling

42、. They will pull your ear one time for each year of your age. If you are 13, they will pull your ear thirteen times.Denmark: Flag. If it is your birthday in Denmark, a flag will fly outside a window of your home. Philippines: Colored lights. Some people put colored lights outside their home if someone is having birth