5-自動化專業(yè) 單片機 外文文獻 英文文獻 外文翻譯中英對照

1、Dormancy of the one-chip computer-restore to the throne in the operation way and improve anti- interference ability Abstract: Introduce a kind of dormancy of using- restore to the throne in theoperation way and improve the anti-interference ability method of the one-chip computer;Analyse its scope o

2、f application, provide and use the circuit concretly; Combine the instance, analyse the characteristic of the hardware and software design under these kind of operation way. Keyword: One-chip computer Restore to the throne /dormancy anti-interference ForewordIntroduction: With the development at ful

3、l speed of the microelectric technique, the performance of the one-chip computer improves rapidly, demonstrate the outstanding advantage in the operation, logic control, intelligent respect, replaced and enlarged the measuring that the circuit made up, control circuit by digital logical circuit, ope

4、ration originally to a great extent, use very extensivly. But because it have system halted, procedure run critical defect of flying etc, make it limit in a lot of important application of occasion. A lot of technology in anti-interference , for example set up the software trap, add thehardware to g

5、uard the gate in dogs circuit etc, can make this problem havebetter settlement, but still the existing problem: Guard the gate dog at the movement, mean and appear mistake already and run some time, this is not allowed in some occasions; Procedure appear circulation mistake very much sometimes, but

6、just guard the gate dog control link include and enter, adopt and guard the gate as to such a mistake dog unable to discern; In measure and control cycle among the long system, one-chip computer spend wait for the peripheral hardware a large amount of time, will be interfered too when carry out and

7、wait for the order. To these situations, we have tried the method restored to the throne voluntarily in practice, alternate pulse of adopting etc or restore to the throne waking according to external terms to the one-chip computer up. After being restored to the throne each time, the one-chip comput

8、er carries out the corresponding procedure, enters dormancy in time after finishing carrying out the task, wait to be restored to the throne nextly. Have solved above-mentioned problems well with this method , and has got better result in the agricultural voltage transformer comprehensive protector

9、experiment. Now take 51 serial one-chip computers as an example and probe into the concrete principle and implementation method, restored to the throne the signal as the high level.1.A principle and implementation method1.1 Restored to the throne the law regularly unconditionallyUse timer, special-p

10、urpose clock chip or other pulse generator, produce signal of restoring to the throne regularly according to interval that set for. This kind of method is especially suitable for the measuring instrument. In not running actually, sample the analog quantity of introduction with A/D converter often, t

11、hen store showing. This course is very fast, but steady for reading, the data per second are only upgraded 1 -2 times, a large amount of time of CPU is used for waiting. Let CPU carry out and enter dormancy directly after the task , restore to the throne and wake by external world up It carry out th

12、e next operation, this is to restore to the throne the law regularly In this way can make anti-interference ability strengthen greatly , have 2 points mainly: . At the dormancy, procedure stop run, can appear PC indicator disorderly procedure that causes run and fly. Work time in dormancy proportion

13、 1:9, that is to say 1 s have 0.1 time of s used for measuring, sending off showing, there is time dormancy of 0.9s, the probability that the procedure is interfered is 1/10 while running at full speed, whole anti-interference ability raise by 10 times. Because every 1s is restored to the throne onc

14、e unconditionally, once present the system halted during a job, can certainly resume when restored to the throne next time. As to only instrument that show, some reading mistake that 1s appear accidentally there is no memory to the next measurement, be could bear , belong to “pass” mistake. This kin

15、d is restored to the throne the advantage of dogs circuit for guarding the gate regularly, first, change waiting time into a dormancy state, time to shorten and may be interfered; Second, avoided happenning that the dog controls the death circulation of the link to include guarding the gate.1.2 The

16、external condition is restored to the throne the lawSome arrival that export or measure is controlled by the outside. For instance, the hot form. of heating, rotate the pulse produced and calculate heat by hot water water wheels, there is no hot water to flow, there is no heat to export, CPU only ne

17、ed in fact keep number value, do not need to count. Can imagine hot water water wheels rotate when parking warm , CPU idle in will it be will it be one season autumn spring and summer, If let dormancy its , measure have water wheels pulse constantly, anti-interference ability can strengthen greatly.

18、 So, so long as link up the restoring to the throne of the pulse of the water wheels and CPU, the water wheels rotate a circle each time, CPU is restored to the throne once, hot form. can work normally , this is restored to the throne the law by the external condition . Similar application have half

19、 electron kilowatt-hour meter , go on one count just when the machinery degree wheels and transfers to a circle, users do not need the electricity, CPU has been knowing the dormancy all the time . The restoring to the throne in the interval not to be regular, but confirmed according to the external

20、condition of this method. In some occasions, the time of the dormancy will be very long, very effective to improving anti-interference ability.2 .The hardware realizes the main point2.1 Restored to the throne regularly unconditionallyGenerally have 2 kinds of methods. Use theitimer or the special-pu

21、rpose clock chip to be restored to the throne. Fig1, in order to use the timing circuit that 555 circuit makes up; Can use the clock chips of X1126 ,etc too , wake CPU up with the alarm signal after setting up warning time. This kind of method is suitable when the long interval is made, can also fol

22、low the result of this operation ，determine to wake time up in alarm next time temporarily, very flexible and convenient. The signal of using the system to be inherent is as reducing the pulse regularly. Use 50Hz worker power make reducing after having a facelift frequently, already omit the timer,

23、gathered the corresponding signal for the phase place which measured the electric current signal at the same time, as Fig. 2 shows.2.2 External conditions are restored to the throne Send external condition pulse to and is restored to the throne the end son after having a facelift. To that above-ment

24、ioned water wheels or the ammeter spend a pulse produced, can use Schmitts trigger to have a facelift; For writing down the instrument of the biggest or minimum，can use the window comparator. In order to realize the electronization that is regulated，can use the electronic electric potential device,

25、establish upper and lower limits with the order of the one-chip computer.2.3 Reduce cycle and restored to the throne the high electricity at ordinary timesIn Fig3, restored to the throne the signal during high level Tr, the one-chip computer is in the state of restoring to the throne, the procedure

26、does not run, anti-interference ability is the strongest; After the high level, the one-chip computer begins to hold the conduct procedure. That is to say, are restored to the throne and suitable for the time that the procedure carries out during the low level Td of the signal, this time should be g

27、reater than the execution cycle of the procedure each time. It is restore to the throne cycle and restore to the throne high level of signal take empty than very much important to choose rationally. As to simple to show instrument, restore to the throne cycle determine data break cycle, low electric

28、ity is it measure, hancl over all time shown to greater than to want at ordinary times; Otherwise, cant present forever the mistake of the intact executive program.Monolithic integrated circuit in Ts and Tr period all can effectively the antijamming, but is best the unnecessary time arrangement in T

29、r. When the program time is long, when as far as possible the request reduces Tr, may join the differentiating circuit, like chart 1 center C30, R26, D9.2.4 Treatment of output end sons(1) Restore to the throne straight pulseDuring all I/O mouth of one-chip computer turn into the high level when res

30、toring to the throne. That is to say output for low pin normally, will according to restore to the throne cycle appear the width for the straight pulse of Tr. This straight pulse will influence the normal output, 2 methods are dealt with: Connect in parallel electric capacity suppress , capacity con

31、firm according to Tr time that restore to the throne on the son in end. Reducing Tr can be reduced and connected the electric capacity in parallel. It is invalid to design the peripheral circuit into the high level. (2) Fault-tolerantChoose the capacity that the output end connects the electric capa

32、city in parallel fault-tolerantly and properly, can realize fault-tolerant control. Reduced cycle in a certain, because interfered exporting the wrong level. Because the keeping function of electric capacity, cant still enable exporting the change to the valid level within this cycle; Next cycle , t

33、he mistake is corrected. So, so long as does not make mistakes in 2 cycles in succession, it is very fault-tolerant to export Certainly, this kind of method will make the normal output change lag behind for one cycle, just really reflect the output end son.2.5 has the electricity to measure and rest

34、ore to the throne manuallySome system is it make some initialize and operate to want at electricity for the first time. Restored to the throne and already become the beginning condition of normal running each time while adopting the way of restoring to the throne to run , it is unable to distinguish

35、 and have the electricity for the first time. In some pin connects the electric capacity of one ljIF to the ground, measure this pin after being restored to the throne, if low level to have electricity for the first time. Give system set up one restore to the throne button, that is to say a common o

36、ne manual to restore to the throne, this button is not joined and being restored to the throne in the end, is connected in parallel in the electric capacity both ends to the ground of above-mentioned pins.3. The software realizes the main point3.1 is it resume with zero clearing RAM to outputRestore

37、 to the throne the last all pin turn high level into , is it should taKe place unnecessary change for low pin to make regularly, so, should resume the state.of all pins immediately after being restored to the throne. There are 2 kinds of methods : Analyse and judge immediately after being restored t

38、o the throne this time, provide the state of the pin according to the need; In being RAM it is the last last state that come down,these RAMs when restored.To the throne regularly can the zero clearing one; But electricity or manual to rstore to the throne when pushing in conformity with zero clearin

39、g, is it embody to want when the software is worked outing at the beginning. If calculate time allows, try ones best to take method 1. Restore to the throne cycle probability made mistakes to calculate very little, according to 2 for the 2nd time in succession. 4 output end son that narrate connect

40、treatment method of electric capacity in parallel, can reach kind anti-interference result very.3.2 realizes crossing over and is restored to the throne alternate time sequenceregularly to controlWork in way of restoring to the throne now, start anew and carry out the same procedure repeatedly each

41、time. Can be divided into 2 kinds of situations: As to simple to show instrument, carry on measurement ，send off showing after being restored to the throne each time, have causality between restoring to the throne twice . need is it switch over to the dormancy to waiting original only. Should pay at

42、tention to, measurement, give total time used to show is it is it restore to the throne low electricity at ordinary times to smaller than to want, otherwise cant present forever the mistake of the intact executive program. For having application that time sequence controlled , after being restored t

43、o the throne each time , should check first that see the sign left last cycle , in order to determine what is done this cycle . That is to say every is it restore to the throne operation of cycle to stride , by is it transmit to indicate all, these indicate while leaving in inside RAM , the zero cle

44、aring only when have the electricity for the first time. For example, the protecting synthetically device of above-mentioned voltage transformer , is restored to the throne regularly according to the interval of 20ms. It reaches the normal working state through, certain movement order after having t

45、he electricity, such as Fig. 4; Write a part of the procedure of the software according to this movement, such as Fig. 5.In 4 Fig, act as person who protect the beginning at the electricity, is it transmit power 0 to try at first. 5s, points out and transmits power soon; Transmit power formally afte

46、r waiting for 30s. It is start-up time in 1s after transmitting power, does not measure the electric current. Start after finishing, if all going well, the location is put normal sign , person who protect restore to the throne cycle enter normal running in the next one. Try 0 that transmits power. 5

47、s is it is it realize to count once restoring to the throne to delay time, restore to the throne time 20ms each time. At having electricity for the first time, make all zero clearing to inside RAM, make it is it time Ts to transmit power not to try =Dormancy after 25. After restoring to the throne,

48、is it have electric pin to have electricity for the first time already, is it is it is it is it time the measuring of Ts to transmit power to try to get to go on to measure next time. If Ts * 0, is it in is it prolong period to transmit power, is it enter dormancy after the 1 to reduce Ts to prove.

49、Act as Ts-1 = 0, the course which waited for 30s that should enter and lose electrical power. Just when Ts decreases progressively to 0, make it is it indicate to wait for not to lose electrical power Td =1500. When the procedure is restored to the throne beginning again, measure to Ts =0 but Td * 0

50、, is it is it is it transmit power to try to cross already to indicate, at is it wait for the course of 30s to lose electrical power now. In this way, the whole process is transmitted each other by such these parameters as Tr, Td , Ts etc, go on step by step.Result:Conclusion Anti-interference is an

51、 important problem in an electronic design, especially Important in the one-chip computer. This is because the one-chip computer has procedures to run particularity that flies, the consequence that it is interfered may be the system halted, may send out various kinds of mistakes or illegal movements

52、 before the system halted too, make the whole system produce the mortality mistake. So, only guarantee it is not enough yet for one-chip computer not to crash, study how to reduce the risk interfered, it can befault-toierant how is it after and make mistakes. This text is it act as some exploration

53、from two these to try hard, hope these elementary opinions can play some function of casting a brick to attract jade, helpful to everybody; Hope too every colleague explore together, improve our design level together.單片機休眠-復(fù)位運行方式提高抗干擾能力摘要：介紹一種用休眠-復(fù)位運行方式提高單片機抗干擾能力的方法；分析其適用范圍，給出具體應(yīng)用電路；結(jié)合實例，分析這種運行方式下硬件

54、和軟件設(shè)計的特點。 關(guān)鍵詞：單片機 復(fù)位/休眠 抗干擾 引 言隨著微電子技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，單片機的性能迅速提高，在運算、邏輯控制、智能化方面顯示出非凡的優(yōu)勢，在很大程度上取代了原來由數(shù)字邏輯電路、運算放大電路組成的檢測、控制電路，應(yīng)用非常廣泛。但由于它存在著死機、程序跑飛等致命缺陷，使它在許多重要場合的應(yīng)用受到限制。在抗干擾方面的許多技術(shù)，比如設(shè)軟件陷阱、加硬件看門狗電路等，可使這一問題有較好的解決，但仍然存在問題： 看門狗動作時，意味著已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了錯誤，且運行了一段時間，這在有些場合是不允許的； 有時程序出現(xiàn)死循環(huán)錯誤，但是剛好把看門狗控制環(huán)節(jié)包含進去，對于這樣的錯誤采用看門狗無法識別； 在檢測

55、控制周期比較長的系統(tǒng)中，單片機花大量時間等待外設(shè)，執(zhí)行等待命令時同樣會受到干擾。針對這些情況，我們在實踐中嘗試了主動復(fù)位的辦法，采用等間隔的脈沖或根據(jù)外部條件對單片機進行復(fù)位喚醒。每次復(fù)位后，單片機執(zhí)行相應(yīng)的程序，執(zhí)行完任務(wù)后及時進入休眠，等待下次復(fù)位。用此方法較好地解決了上述問題，并在農(nóng)用變壓器綜合保護器實驗中得到了較好的效果。下面以51系列單片機為例探討具體原理與實現(xiàn)方法，復(fù)位信號為高電平。1 原理與實現(xiàn)方法1.1 無條件定時復(fù)位法用定時器、專用時鐘芯片或其它脈沖產(chǎn)生器，按照設(shè)定的間隔定時產(chǎn)生復(fù)位信號。這種方法特別適合監(jiān)測儀表。在實際運行中，往往是用A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器采樣輸入的模擬量，然后進行存

56、儲顯示。這一過程很快，但為了讀數(shù)穩(wěn)定，每秒數(shù)據(jù)更新不過12次，CPU的大量時間用于等待。如果讓CPU執(zhí)行完任務(wù)后直接進入休眠，然后由外界復(fù)位喚醒它去執(zhí)行下一次操作，這就是定時復(fù)位法。這樣會使抗干擾能力大大增強，主要有2點： 休眠時，程序停止運行，不會出現(xiàn)PC指針紊亂引起的程序跑飛。如果工作與休眠的時間比例為1:9，也就是說，1s內(nèi)有0.1s的時間用來檢測、送顯示，有0.9s的時間休眠，程序受干擾的概率是全速運行時的1/10，整體抗干擾能力提高了10倍。 由于每1s無條件復(fù)位1次，一旦某次工作期間出現(xiàn)死機，在下次復(fù)位時肯定得以恢復(fù)。對于只是顯示的儀表，某1s偶然出現(xiàn)的讀數(shù)錯誤對下一次測量并沒有記

57、憶，是可以承受的，屬“一過性”錯誤。這種定時復(fù)位相對于看門狗電路的優(yōu)點，一是把等待時間改為休眠狀態(tài) ，縮短可能受干擾的時間；二是避免了恰好包含看門狗控制環(huán)節(jié)的死循環(huán)。1.2 外部條件復(fù)位法有些輸出或測量的啟動是由外部控制的。如暖氣熱表，靠熱水水輪旋轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)生的脈沖計算熱量，沒有熱水流動，就沒有熱量輸出，CPU只要保持原來數(shù)值即可，不需要計數(shù)?？梢韵胂?，停暖時熱水水輪不轉(zhuǎn)，CPU在春夏秋三季則無事可做；如果讓其休眠，而不是時刻檢測有無水輪脈沖，抗干擾能力會大大增強。因此，只要把水輪脈沖與CPU的復(fù)位聯(lián)系起來，水輪每旋轉(zhuǎn)1周，CPU復(fù)位1次，熱表就可以正常工作了，這就是外部條件復(fù)位法。類似的應(yīng)用還有半

58、電子式電度表，當(dāng)機械度盤旋轉(zhuǎn)1周時才進行1個計數(shù)，用戶不用電，CPU會一直休眠。這種方法的復(fù)位間隔不是固定的，而是根據(jù)外部條件確定的。在有些場合，休眠的時間會很長，對提高抗干擾能力非常有效。2 硬件實現(xiàn)要點2.1 無條件定時復(fù)位 一般有2種方法。 使用定時器或?qū)Ｓ脮r鐘芯片復(fù)位。圖1為使用555電路組成的定時電路；也可以使用X1126之類的時鐘芯片，設(shè)置報警時間后用報警信號喚醒CPU。這種方法適用于長間隔定時，還可以根據(jù)本次運算的結(jié)果，臨時決定下一次的報警喚醒時間，非常靈活方便。 使用系統(tǒng)固有的信號作為定時復(fù)位脈沖。例如使用50Hz工頻電源整形后作復(fù)位，既省略了定時器，同時又為檢測電流信號的相位采集了相應(yīng)的信號，如圖2所示。2.2 外部條件復(fù)位把外部條件脈沖整形后送到復(fù)位端子。對于上述水輪或電表度盤產(chǎn)生的脈沖，可以使用施密特觸發(fā)器整形；對于記錄最大或最小值的儀器，可使用窗口比較器。為了實現(xiàn)調(diào)節(jié)的電子