新視野讀寫第三版BOOK1Unit-1-翻譯答案(詳細(xì)解釋)

1、Part II Part II 1. 孔子是中國歷史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家學(xué)派（Confucianism）的創(chuàng)始人，被尊稱為古代的圣人（sage）。2. 他的言論和生平活動(dòng)記錄在論語（The Analects）一書中。3. 論語是中國古代文化的經(jīng)典著作，對后來歷代的思想家、文學(xué)家、政治家產(chǎn)生了很大影響。4. 不研究論語，就不能真正把握中國幾千年的傳統(tǒng)文化。5. 孔子的很多思想，尤其是其教育思想，對中國社會產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。6. 在 21 世紀(jì)的今天，孔子的學(xué)說不僅受到中國人的重視，而且也越來越受到整個(gè)國際社會的重視。第第 1 1 句：句： 孔子是中國歷史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家學(xué)

2、派（Confucianism）的創(chuàng)始人，被尊稱為古代的圣人（sage）。漢語結(jié)構(gòu)比較松散，無主語句到處可見。甚至?xí)霈F(xiàn)主語只在開頭主現(xiàn)，后面連續(xù)的動(dòng)詞都沒有的情況。這在英語里是不允許的。英語中除感嘆句和部分特殊句式外，句子最基本的成分就是主語+謂語，即名詞（或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或詞組、句子）+動(dòng)詞。這句話在漢語里可以一句說出，但在英語里卻要分別說成 3 個(gè)句子?！白鸱Q”一詞，由于對孔子來說是被動(dòng)的，所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成，除 respectfully as 外，還可用 honored as第第 1 1 句：句： 孔子是中國歷史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家學(xué)派（Confucianism）的創(chuàng)始人，被尊

3、稱為古代的圣人（sage）。Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient sage.第第 2 2句：句： 他的言論和生平活動(dòng)記錄在論語（The Analects）一書中。言論，即說過的話，用 words 足矣，不可用 speech 或 speaking. “生平活動(dòng)”指的是孔子一生的行跡，life story 很可以反映出來。千萬不可畫蛇添足，譯成 th

4、e activities through his whole life.His words and life story were recorded in The Analects. 第第 3 3句：句： 論語是中國古代文化的經(jīng)典著作，對后來歷代的思想家、文學(xué)家、政治家產(chǎn)生了很大影響。這句里的重要句型，就是對產(chǎn)生影響。這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)我們學(xué)過多個(gè)了。比如 have a great influence on have a great effect on have a great impact on 就動(dòng)詞來說，affect 作主語通常是物而不是人，指一物對另一物產(chǎn)生的消極影響。 The tax incr

5、eases have affected us all. 加稅已經(jīng)影響了我們所有的人。簡明英漢詞典 The dampness began to affect my health. 潮氣開始影響我的健康。新牛津英漢雙解大詞典 Your attitude will affect how successful you are. 你的態(tài)度會影響你成功的程度。新牛津英漢雙解大詞典第第 3 3句：句： 論語是中國古代文化的經(jīng)典著作，對后來歷代的思想家、文學(xué)家、政治家產(chǎn)生了很大影響。influence 側(cè)重在思想、性格、行為等方面所產(chǎn)生的潛移默化的影響，也可指自然力的影響。 The labour enthus

6、iasm of the workers strongly influenced us. 工人們的勞動(dòng)熱情強(qiáng)烈地感染了我們。簡明英漢詞典 Its all too easy to be influenced by our parents. 我們?nèi)菀资芨改傅挠绊?。簡明英漢詞典 The weather influences crops. 天氣影響農(nóng)作物。第第 3 3句：句： 論語是中國古代文化的經(jīng)典著作，對后來歷代的思想家、文學(xué)家、政治家產(chǎn)生了很大影響。impact 是不及物動(dòng)詞，對某物有強(qiáng)烈影響（have a strong effect）（+on） High interest rates have

7、impacted on retail spending. 高利率對零售消費(fèi)產(chǎn)生了劇烈的影響。新牛津英漢雙解大詞典 These costs will impact on our profitability. 這些費(fèi)用會影響到我們的利潤。簡明英漢詞典第第 3 3句：句： 論語是中國古代文化的經(jīng)典著作，對后來歷代的思想家、文學(xué)家、政治家產(chǎn)生了很大影響。另：have an effect / influence / impact on 對有影響 The surroundings in which a child grows up may have an effect on his development

8、. 小孩生長的環(huán)境會影響他的發(fā)展。 He has an active influence over the community. 他對這個(gè)社團(tuán)有很強(qiáng)的影響力。 Technology has had an irreversible impact on society. 技術(shù)已對社會產(chǎn)生不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的影響。第第 3 3句：句： 論語是中國古代文化的經(jīng)典著作，對后來歷代的思想家、文學(xué)家、政治家產(chǎn)生了很大影響。后來的歷代的，除了可以用 .come after sb.之外，還可以用前面翻譯的句子中 加一小定語從語 that followed. 這個(gè)顯得更加地道和簡煉一些?！拘〕ＷR】man of letter

9、s 雖然可指文學(xué)家，但它的詞義較寬，統(tǒng)稱作”學(xué)者（scholar）較妥。因此，writer 足可以稱為文學(xué)家了?！罢渭摇币辉~英語中有 politician 和 statesman 兩種形式，但由于 politician 帶有貶義，有“政客”即“玩弄政治的人”之義，因此選用 statesman 這個(gè)中性詞。第第 3 3句：句： 論語是中國古代文化的經(jīng)典著作，對后來歷代的思想家、文學(xué)家、政治家產(chǎn)生了很大影響。An enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture, The Analects has had a great influence on the t

10、hinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius.第第 4 4句：句： 不研究論語，就不能真正把握中國幾千年的傳統(tǒng)文化。不.就不能.：這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)一望而知是個(gè)特殊的雙重否定句型。顯然“不研究論語”中含有一個(gè)否定詞。又，這句話是個(gè)典型的無主語句，需要加上主語或者采用忽略主語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。因此，這句話既可以翻譯成 Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years traditional Chinese culture

11、，也可以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)譯成：Without studying this book, the thousands-of-years traditional Chinese culture could hardly be truly understood. 這里，前一個(gè)否定詞用了 without,后面用的 hardly 而沒有用表達(dá)絕對意義的否定詞 no 或者半否定詞 not, 是呼應(yīng)了“真正”一詞的隱藏意義。同時(shí)，without 做介詞使“研究”一詞以動(dòng)名詞形式出現(xiàn)，使本來兩個(gè)謂語的小句變成了一個(gè)謂語，節(jié)省了句子結(jié)構(gòu)，使句子更加緊湊。第第 4 4句：句： 不研究論語，就不能真正把握中國幾千年的傳統(tǒng)文

12、化。Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years traditional Chinese culture.第第 5 5句：句： 孔子的很多思想，尤其是其教育思想，對中國社會產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。Much of Confucius thought, especially his thought on education, has had a profound influence on Chinese society. profound 用詞比 lasting 更加正式。注意下習(xí)

13、慣表達(dá)，“教育思想”,可以表達(dá)為 educational thought,但突出的重點(diǎn)與 his thought on education 不完全相同，就意譯來說，后者比前者更地道。第第 6 6句：句： 在 21 世紀(jì)的今天，孔子的學(xué)說不僅受到中國人的重視，而且也越來越受到整個(gè)國際社會的重視。In the 21st century, Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international com

14、munity. 注意， “受到重視”可譯 為 win an increasing attention from 和 retain the attention of 或者gain increasing emphasis ,更簡單的表達(dá)可說 be valued for . retain 本義是保持，保留，正好用于表達(dá)國人本就重視孔子學(xué)說的含義，可謂準(zhǔn)確。Translation:Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was the founder of Confucianism and was respec

15、tfully referred to as an ancient sage. His words and life story were recorded in The Analects. An enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture, The Analects has had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius. Without studying this book, one could hardly truly

16、understand the thousands-of-years traditional Chinese culture. Much of Confucius thought, especially his thought on education, has had a profound influence on Chinese society. In the 21st century, Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attenti

17、on from the international community. 第1句：Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher who is credited with laying the fundamentals (基礎(chǔ)) of modern Western philosophy. 主干部分：Socrates was a philosopher. 小定語： classical Greek 定語從句：who is credited with laying the fundamentals of modern Western philosophy 表達(dá)法

18、： be credited with : 認(rèn)為某人有某事物； 把歸功于；被認(rèn)為；歸功于 例：Watt should be credited with inventing the steam engine. 人們把蒸汽機(jī)的發(fā)明歸功于瓦特. lay the fundamentals of= lay the foundation of 為奠定基礎(chǔ)。注意， fundamentals,多指理論基礎(chǔ)，從最基本的底層理論開始。而 foundation則不強(qiáng)調(diào)這層意思。第2句：He is a mysterious figure known chiefly through the accounts of lat

19、er classical writers, especially the writings of his most famous student Plato.主干：He is a figure. 小定語：mysterious 大定語：known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers, especially the writings of his most famous student Plato. 是過去分詞后置定語。through 后面的是介詞through 的賓語，與介詞through合在一起做過去分詞known 的

20、方式狀語。especially 連接的兩個(gè)名詞性短語，the account of later classical writers, the writings of his most famous student Plato. 這兩個(gè)名詞短語在形式上是并列的，但在內(nèi)容上卻是遞進(jìn)的，后者是前者的一部分具體化。最后那個(gè)Plato是student的同位語。 提示：注意classical 和classic 的區(qū)別前者是“古典的”，后者是“經(jīng)典的，典范的”第3句：Socrates has become well known for his contribution to the field of eth

21、ics. be known for: 以著稱；因?yàn)?而有名。 contribution to 對有貢獻(xiàn)。（由contribute to 變來）第4句：His method of teaching, known as the Socratic Method, by asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas remains a commonly used tool in a wide range of discussions. 此句較為復(fù)雜，主干部分：His method o

22、f teachingremains a tool. known as the Socratic Method, 過去分詞做同位語，解釋前面的method of teaching; by asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas 做方式狀語，to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas 為兩個(gè)不定式短并列做前面asking 和answering 兩個(gè)動(dòng)名詞的共同賓語questions的補(bǔ)語。 commonly use

23、d 是tool 的小定語，后面in a wide range of discussions 是介詞短語做狀語。第5句：He also made important and lasting contributions to the field of epistemology (認(rèn)識 論) and logic, and the influence of his ideas and approach remains a strong foundation for Western philosophy that followed. 這句話由兩個(gè)并列分句構(gòu)成。第一個(gè)是He also made impor

24、tant and lasting contributions to the field of epistemology. make contributions to : 為做出貢獻(xiàn)。 lasting 這里是形容詞，意思是深遠(yuǎn)的，持久的。第二個(gè)分句是 the influence of his ideas and approach remains a strong foundation for Western philosophy that followed. 這個(gè)分句的主干是the influence remains a foundation. of his ideas and approach 是介詞短語做后置定語，修飾the influence; that followed 是小定語從句，修飾Western philosophy,可以看成漢語里一個(gè)詞：后來的，接下來的。第6句：Socrates was the most colorful figure in the history of ancient philosophy. 這句話比較簡單，注意colorful figure 的