chp8 中止英國(guó)訴訟及禁止外國(guó)訴訟程序

1、第八章中止英國(guó)訴訟與禁止外國(guó)訴訟程序 本章首先闡述了英國(guó)法院中止英國(guó)法院訴訟的一般原則，重點(diǎn)詳細(xì)地討論了非方便法院原則的含義、適用該原則的一般標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、中止訴訟時(shí)應(yīng)特別考慮的因素、對(duì)非方便法院原則的批評(píng)；其次 闡述了英國(guó)法院宣布禁止外國(guó)訴訟程序禁令的條件。中止英國(guó)訴訟程序。本節(jié)首先闡述了中止英國(guó)法院訴訟的一般原則即非方便法院原則的含義及其在英國(guó)法中的確立，英國(guó)法院應(yīng)如何看待當(dāng)事人挑選法院。通過一系列案例詳盡地闡釋了英國(guó)法院在什么條件下會(huì)中止在英國(guó)的訴訟，其中具有里程碑意義的是1986年的斯皮里達(dá)案，在中止英國(guó)訴訟和向境外送達(dá)方面，該案真正適當(dāng)?shù)靥岢隽舜_定方便法院的權(quán)威性的指導(dǎo)原則。其次，討論了在中

2、止訴訟時(shí)應(yīng)特別予以考慮的三個(gè)因素，即平行訴訟，案件適用的準(zhǔn)據(jù)法，管轄權(quán)協(xié)議與仲裁協(xié)議。對(duì)非方便法院原則的批評(píng)。本節(jié)主要指出對(duì)該原則的批評(píng)主要集中在該原則是建立在法官自由裁量的基礎(chǔ)上，特別是法官在衡量各種因素以確定法院是否方便時(shí)絕非易事。限制外國(guó)的訴訟程序。本節(jié)指出，英國(guó)法院并不能限制外國(guó)法院審理某一案件，但可以限制一方當(dāng)事人在外國(guó)法院提起或繼續(xù)進(jìn)行訴訟，從而達(dá)到限制外國(guó)訴訟的目的。限制外國(guó)訴訟是通過“禁訴令”和使用藐視法庭程序而實(shí)現(xiàn)的。本節(jié)通過一系列案例重點(diǎn)闡釋了頒布禁訴令所必須具備的條件。服從英國(guó)的管轄：在境外提起的訴訟。本節(jié)指出，如果一方當(dāng)事人不顧已將爭(zhēng)議提交英國(guó)法院審理或在英國(guó)仲裁的合同

3、約定，而在外國(guó)提起訴訟，與當(dāng)事人之間沒有任何約定的情況相比，英國(guó)法院更有可能限制外國(guó)的訴訟。本章關(guān)鍵詞本章關(guān)鍵詞 forum non conveniens，forum shop，forum shopping，the most real and substantial connection，competent jurisdiction，alternative forum，exclusive jurisdiction clause，concurrent proceedings，lis alibi pendens，anti-suit injunction，jurisdiction clause，ar

4、bitration clause，pre-trial discovery，examination of witnesses沖突法專業(yè)英語forum non conveniens 非方便法院非方便法院Spiliada Maritime Corporation v. Cansulex Ltd 斯皮里達(dá)海運(yùn)公司斯皮里達(dá)海運(yùn)公司訴坎薩萊克斯有限公司。訴坎薩萊克斯有限公司。forum shopping 挑選法院挑選法院international litigation 國(guó)際訴訟國(guó)際訴訟disclosure of evidence 證據(jù)開示證據(jù)開示sister ship 姊妹船，是指同屬一個(gè)船東所有的兩條或

5、數(shù)條船。姊妹船，是指同屬一個(gè)船東所有的兩條或數(shù)條船。bare majority 微弱多數(shù)微弱多數(shù) exorbitant jurisdictional rules 過分的管轄權(quán)規(guī)則過分的管轄權(quán)規(guī)則the forum with the most real and substantial connection with the case 與案件有最真實(shí)與最實(shí)質(zhì)的聯(lián)系的法院與案件有最真實(shí)與最實(shí)質(zhì)的聯(lián)系的法院chauvinism 沙文主義沙文主義 competent jurisdiction 合格的管轄權(quán)合格的管轄權(quán)alternative forum 替代法院替代法院exclusive jurisdic

6、tion clause 排他性管轄權(quán)條款排他性管轄權(quán)條款time-bar 時(shí)間限制時(shí)間限制concurrent proceedings 平行訴訟平行訴訟lis alibi pendens 平行訴訟，訴訟在另案進(jìn)行平行訴訟，訴訟在另案進(jìn)行shareholders 股東股東Insolvency Act 1986 1986年破產(chǎn)法年破產(chǎn)法products liability 產(chǎn)品責(zé)任產(chǎn)品責(zé)任punitive damages 懲罰性損害賠償，超過實(shí)際損失的賠償。懲罰性損害賠償，超過實(shí)際損失的賠償。insurance policy 保險(xiǎn)單保險(xiǎn)單express choice of law 明示的法律選擇明

7、示的法律選擇parent companies 母公司母公司legal aid 法律援助法律援助conditional fee arrangements 附條件酬金協(xié)議。附條件酬金協(xié)議。personal injury 人身傷害人身傷害contingency fee arrangements 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)代理協(xié)議風(fēng)險(xiǎn)代理協(xié)議。group action 集團(tuán)訴訟集團(tuán)訴訟duplication of proceedings 重復(fù)訴訟重復(fù)訴訟沖突法專業(yè)英語anti-suit injunction 禁訴令禁訴令expert testimony 專家證明專家證明jurisdiction clause 管轄權(quán)條款管轄

8、權(quán)條款arbitration clause 仲裁條款仲裁條款in contravention of 違反違反non-exclusive jurisdiction 非排他的管轄權(quán)非排他的管轄權(quán)carriage of goods by sea 海上貨物運(yùn)輸海上貨物運(yùn)輸cargo carriers 貨物承運(yùn)人貨物承運(yùn)人bills of lading 提單提單court seised 受案法院受案法院appellate courts 上訴法庭上訴法庭substantial justice 實(shí)質(zhì)正義實(shí)質(zhì)正義contempt of court 藐視法庭藐視法庭summary judgment 簡(jiǎn)易判決簡(jiǎn)易

9、判決，指未經(jīng)陪審團(tuán)聽審而作的判決。，指未經(jīng)陪審團(tuán)聽審而作的判決。conflicting judgments 相互矛盾的判決相互矛盾的判決vexatious or oppressive 令人煩惱或讓人難以忍受的令人煩惱或讓人難以忍受的沖突法專業(yè)英語SNIA v. Lee Kui Jak SNIA訴李奎杰克，是英國(guó)有關(guān)限制外國(guó)法院訴訟的訴李奎杰克，是英國(guó)有關(guān)限制外國(guó)法院訴訟的著名案件。著名案件。respondents 被上訴人被上訴人 appellant 上訴人上訴人faulty design and manufacture 有缺陷的設(shè)計(jì)與制造有缺陷的設(shè)計(jì)與制造pre-trial discover

10、y 審前發(fā)現(xiàn)程序（也譯為審前開示程序）審前發(fā)現(xiàn)程序（也譯為審前開示程序）。examination of witnesses 質(zhì)證質(zhì)證natural forum 自然法院，適當(dāng)?shù)姆ㄔ鹤匀环ㄔ海m當(dāng)?shù)姆ㄔ篈irbus Industrie Gie v. Patel 空中客車公司訴帕特爾空中客車公司訴帕特爾foreign money judgment 外國(guó)金錢判決外國(guó)金錢判決Anti-Trust Law 反壟斷法反壟斷法liquidator 清算人清算人treble damages 三倍損害賠償三倍損害賠償Secretary of State 國(guó)務(wù)大臣國(guó)務(wù)大臣Protection of Trading

11、 Interests Act 1980 1980年保護(hù)貿(mào)易利益法年保護(hù)貿(mào)易利益法lifted 取消取消serious reservations 嚴(yán)格保留嚴(yán)格保留risk of inconsistent judgments 判決不一致的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)判決不一致的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)sovereignty 主權(quán)主權(quán) 沖突法專業(yè)英語 The English court has an inherent power, which is contained also in the Supreme Court 1981, section 49(3), to stay any action which is frivolous(輕佻的

12、) or vexatious(傷腦筋的) or otherwise an abuse of the process of the court. It also has the power to restrain, by injunction, persons subject to its jurisdiction from instituting or continuing proceedings in foreign courts. The power of the court to grant injunctions generally is to be found in section

13、37(1) of the same Act.1. Staying of English actions 1. General principles Until relatively recent times, the courts denied that English law contained any general doctrine of forum non conveniens, by virtue of which a court will decline to exercise the jurisdiction it possesses because it is not the

14、most suitable court to hear the case but some foreign court is. But the law on this matter underwent considerable development after 1972 when a process of liberalisation set in. For some time , the principles upon which a court should exercise its discretion to stay or not to stay an action in favou

15、r of a foreign court were a matter of considerable doubt and it was not until 1986 that the courts adopted coherent guidelines. Then, in Spiliada Maritime Corporation v. Cansulex Ltd, the House of Lords introduced some order into the confusion which it had itself generated in the first place. The Sp

16、iliada laid down the basic principle that English proceedings may be stayed where there is another clearly more appropriate forum for trial of the action in which justice can be done. The onus is on the defendant to prove that this is the case as the claimant should not be deprived of the advantage

17、of proceedings here merely on the balance of convenience.The Abidin Daver case A Cuban vessel was in collision with a Turkish vessel in the Bosphorus within Turkish waters. An action was started by the Turkish owners in the Turkish court in Istanbul. The Cuban owners began an action in rem in the En

18、glish Admiralty Court. The Turkish owners asked for a stay of this action. The Court of Appeal, reversing the judge at first instance, refused the stay. The House of Lords restored the judges order. The Turkish court was the natural and more appropriate forum. It was the forum with most real and sub

19、stantial connection with case.De Dampierre v. De DampierreA husband and wife, both French nationals, had married in France and moved to London where the wife had a child. The husband bought them a home in London, but soon the wife established a business in New York. She took the child there and seve

20、red her tenuous connection with England. The marriage foundered. The husband sought a divorce in France, the wife petitioned in England.The domicile and Matrimonial proceedings Act 1973 provides that the court can stay the English proceedings when proceedings are also brought abroad, if it appears t

21、hat the balance of fairness(including convenience) between the parties to the marriage is such that it is appropriate for foreign proceedings to be disposed of before further steps are taken in the Englishproceedings.The wifes proceedings were stayed. France was the natural forum and she could get a

22、ll the redress she was entitled to by French law in the French courts. 2. Special factors Three factors need special attention. These are the weight to be attached to : (a) proceedings existing abroad between the parties. 平行訴訟 (b) the applicable law, and (c) jurisdiction and arbitration agreements.

23、3. lis alibi pendens（重復(fù)訴訟） There are particular problems when proceedings between the parties are taking place in another country. These may have been started by the defendant or the claimant, or even a third party in a complex multiparty action. Duplication of proceedings can often be unfair to bot

24、h parties. Each party may be subject to two sets of costs, and the time and trouble necessary to conduct two proceedings is unnecessary. 4. Applicable law The applicable law can be seen as an important factor in locating the forum conveniens. 5. Jurisdiction and arbitration agreement Jurisdiction clause are a relatively commo