高考語法動詞時態(tài)

1、高考英語語法專題動詞時態(tài)動詞時態(tài)（tense）是一種動詞形式，不同的時態(tài)用以表示不同時間里所產(chǎn)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。一般進行完成現(xiàn)在do/doesam/is/are doinghave/has done過去didwas/were doinghad done將來will dowill be doingwill have done動詞時態(tài)分類：一般現(xiàn)在(1) 經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語： every, sometimes,at, on Sunday(2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實。注意 此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。Co

2、lumbus proved that the earth is round.(3) 表示格言或警句中。(4) 現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。(5) 一般現(xiàn)在時表將來： 1下列動詞：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。這主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。（主將從現(xiàn)）I leave home for school at 7 every morning.The earth moves around the sun.Pride goes be fore a fall.驕者必敗。Ann Wang writes good

3、 English but does not speak well. The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.一般過去(1) 在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 時間狀語有：just now(剛才), yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。(2) 表示在過去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。(3) 用于虛擬語氣表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵅环 saw Tom in the s

4、treet yesterday. When I was a child, I often played football in the street.He always went to work by bus. If I were a bird, I would fly to Beijing.一般將來(1) 用于表將來的動作或狀態(tài)；或者事物發(fā)展的必然趨勢 (2) be going to +不定式，表示將來。打算、計劃要做 be +不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。 be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事注意 be about to 不能與tomorrow, next week

5、 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。注意 be going to / will的用法之比較： 用于條件句時，be going to表將來，will表意愿。Which paragraph shall I read first？Will you be at home at seven this evening?If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the ne

6、w clothes on you in front of the mirror. I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.1. 高考真題解析1. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. (遼寧卷)A. was called B. is called C. had been called

7、  D. has been called2. “What would you do if it _tomorrow?” “We have to carry it on, since weve got everything ready.” (全國卷I)A. rainB. rainsC. will rainD. is raining 3. As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when _and see him. (北京卷)A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you co

8、me4. “If the traffic hadnt been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 oclock.” “What a pity! Tina _ here to see you.” (湖南卷)A. is B. was C. would be D. has been5.Is Peter coming?No, he_ his mind after a phone call at the last minute.（2015 重慶，1）A. changesB. changed C. was changing D. had changed6. “Di

9、d you tell Julia about the result?” “Oh, no, I forgot. I _her now.” (全國卷III)A. am going to call B. will call C. call D. am to call7. “What are you going to do this afternoon?” “I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film _ quite early, so we _ to the bookstore after that.” (重慶卷)A. finished,

10、 are goingB. finished, go C. finishes, are goingD. finishes, go現(xiàn)在進行時(1) 表示現(xiàn)在( 指說話人說話時) 正在發(fā)生的事情。(2) 習慣進行：表示長期的或重復性的動作，說話時動作未必正在進行。(3) 表示漸變的動詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。(4) 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。We are waiting for you. Mr. Green is writing ano

11、ther novel.(說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)The leaves are turning red. You are always changing your mind.過去進行時過去進行時表示過去某時正在進行的狀態(tài)或動作。主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個長動作發(fā)生的時候，另一個短動作發(fā)生。Because of carelessness , he _(fall) off the bike while he _(ride).高考真題解析1.Listen to the two girls by the window. What language _? (全國卷III)A. did

12、 they speak B. were they speakingC. are they speaking D. have they been speaking2. “Are you still busy?” “Yes, I _ my work and it wont take long.” (浙江卷)A. just finish B. am just finishing C. have just finishedD. am just going to finish3. Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she d

13、idnt want her parents to know what she _. (遼寧卷)A. has done B. had done C. was doing D. is doing現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。(1) 通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間副詞just，already, before, yet, never, ever等狀語連用。 (2) 現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會持續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎緩倪^去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）的一段時間的狀語連用。 for和since，以及 so far, now,

14、today, this week(month, year) 等。注意 表示短暫時間動作的詞，如come, go, die, marry, buy等的完成時不能與for, since等表示一段時間的短語連用。 注意 have been (to)和have gone (to)的區(qū)別： have / has been (to) 表示“曾經(jīng)去過”某地，說話時此人很可能不在那里，已經(jīng)回來。側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已經(jīng)去了”某地，說話時此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在這里。 She has already finished the work.I havent se

15、en her these days.They have lived here since 1990.What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years? He has been to Beijing. He has gone to Beijing. 注意 一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的比較過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響。過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。一般過去時的時間狀語有：yesterday, last w

16、eek，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語。現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語有：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 等不確定的時間狀語。同學們還要特別注意以下這些習慣上要與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的短語和句型：so far(到目前為止)，since(自從)，in for, during the past lastyears(在過去年中)，by now (到現(xiàn)在為止)，up to until now (到現(xiàn)在為止)，It&

17、#39;s will be the first time that(第一次)等。如：I saw this film yesterday. （強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。）I have seen this film. （強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。） She has returned from Paris. She returned yesterday. 過去完成時(1) 過去完成時表示過去的過去。表示過去某一時刻或者某一動作之前完成的動作或狀態(tài)；句中常用by, before, until, when, as soon as等詞引導的時間狀語。(2) 過去完成時的動詞還可以表示過去某一時刻

18、之前發(fā)生的動作或者狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個時間或者持續(xù)下去。1.By the end of last year we had built five new houses.2.Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.3.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.將來完成時將來完成時用來表示在將來某一時間以前已經(jīng)完成的動作或一直持續(xù)的動作。經(jīng)常與“before+將來時間”或“by+將來時間”連用，也可與before或by the ti

19、me引導的現(xiàn)在時的從句連用。注意 將來完成時表示在將來某一時間以前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)。使用這種時態(tài)時，多會涉及兩個動作或狀態(tài)，一個在前，一個在后；敘述前面的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞要用將來完成時；敘述后面的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞要用一般現(xiàn)在時。1.By the end of this week, I shall have finished the book.2.By this time tomorrow they will have repaired the machine.3.We will have completed the work before you come.4.He says t

20、hat he will have graduated from a university before you return home.高考真題解析1. Years ago we didnt know this, but recent science _ that people who dont sleep well soon get ill. (廣東卷)A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing 2. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support

21、him unless he can borrow money from the bank. (湖北卷)A. were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide 3. My brother is an actor. He _in several film so far. (浙江卷)A. appearsB. appearedC. has appearedD. is appearing4. The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992. (山東卷)A. change B. has

22、changed C. changing  D. have changed 5. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat_ cut.（2015 重慶，13） A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been6. Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. He _more than 5,000 English words when h

23、e entered the university at the age of 15. (北京卷)A. has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned7. When the old man _ to walk back to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountain. (湖北卷)A. started; had already hidden B. had started; had already hiddenC. had started; was hid

24、ing D. was starting; hid8. Father _for London on business upon my arrival, so I didnt see him. (福建卷)A. has leftB. left C. was leaving D. had left 9. The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _ placed under the Ministers car. (廣東卷)A. has been B. was being C. had been D. w

25、ould be10. “Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.” “Oh ! I thought they _ without me.” (江西卷)A. went B. are going C. have gone D. had gone語法My best friend Kaiya is like me . She _(remind) me of myself . In the past , I _(be) never confident because of my appearance . People

26、always laughed at my weight , my weight , my hairstyle , etc . At that time , I was the shortest student in my class . I started getting depressed . However , someone told me something that i will always remember . It was in March . Surrounded by a group of girls who _(point) at me and laughed at me

27、 . i couldnt help crying . The tears rolled down my face like a rushing river . To my surprise , someone lifted my head up and wiped the tears from my eyes . I then knew it was our English teacher , Miss Li . She said , “You _(be ) perfect the way you are . You should never change or hate yourself .

28、 People _(accept ) you for who you are . But if you cannot accept yourself , then how will other people accept you ?” I _(inspire) by her words . Over the past few months . I_(learn) that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws . Now , seeing Kaiya cry , I decide to tell her the same thing Miss

29、 Li _(tell) me .1.A：Hey, John . _ are you doing this weekend ?B: Not much , mark . I dont really have any plans yet .A: _ you ever been to the space museum?B: Yes , I have . I _(go) there last month . A: Oh, how _(be) it ?B: It was great . I _ been there many times . A: I see . I _ never _ there . B

30、: Well , lets go this weekend then . I dont mind going again . I think theres something new there . I _not see it last time .2.A: Have you _(seen ) the robots at the science museum ? B: Yes, I _(go )there last weekend .3. - Lets _(spend) the day at the zoo . - Well , Ive already _ there a couple of

31、times , but Im happy _(go) again . 4. Last year I _(go) to the Hangzhou National Tea Museum . 5. Its unbelievable the technology _(progress) in such a rapid way !6. I went there once when I _(be) 10 years old , but I _ not been back since then . 7. I _(visit) the Palace Museum three times . 9. There

32、 _(be ) a sports meeting next week . 10. Linda _(see) the movie many times , so she _(not see) yesterday . 高考題1. Jack _(work) in the lab when the power cut occurred .2. - Excuse me , which movie are you waiting for ? - The new Star Wars . We _(wait ) here for more than 2 hours . 3. In the last few y

33、ears , China _(make ) great achievements in environment protection . 4. The sun was setting when my car _ (break )down near a remote village . 5. People stepped on your feet or _(push) you with their elbows , hurrying ahead to get to a bargain . 6. All the visitors to this village _(treat) with kindness a week ago . 閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式In 1863the first underground passenger railw