直接引語和間接引語

1、12Grammar: Direct and Indirect Speech (1)：statements and questions1. 轉(zhuǎn)述他人的陳述轉(zhuǎn)述他人的陳述陳述句陳述句 She asked me what I was doing.1) He said , “Im going to Beijing.” He said that he was going to Beijing.2) He asked, “Are you a teacher?” He asked me if /whether I was a doctor.3) She said , “What are you doing?

2、”2. 轉(zhuǎn)述他人的疑問轉(zhuǎn)述他人的疑問一般疑問句一般疑問句3. 轉(zhuǎn)述他人的問題轉(zhuǎn)述他人的問題特殊疑問句特殊疑問句 3直接引語變成間接引語，句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化 He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ” He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. He said, “Ill give you an examination next Monday. ” He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday. 4解題步驟解題步驟: :

3、1.1.陳述句陳述句: :“I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.Sarah said to her friends that I dont likecomputers.saiddidntsheSarah said to her friends that she didnt like computers.Sarah5一般疑問句一般疑問句 He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” He asked (me) whether/if I had any diffic

4、ulty with my pronunciation. He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?” He asked whether I was interested in English. 62.一般疑問句一般疑問句:Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?( They asked him )They asked himifIt is easy to improve the condition of the soil.it is easy to improve the con

5、dition of the soil.askediswasThey asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.7特殊疑問句特殊疑問句 He said to me，“Whats your name?” He asked me what my name was. He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” He asked us how many car factories had been built in our c

6、ountry. 83.特殊疑問句：When do you harvest the wheat ?( They asked him )They asked himWhenyou harvest the wheatyou harvest the wheat.harvestedThey asked him when he harvested the wheat.9選擇疑問句選擇疑問句 He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” He asked me whether I spoke English or French. I asked, “Will you

7、 take bus or take train?” I asked him whether he would take bus or take train. 105. 注意地點(diǎn)的變化注意地點(diǎn)的變化1. 注意時(shí)態(tài)的變化注意時(shí)態(tài)的變化2. 注意人稱變化。注意人稱變化。3. 注意指示代詞的變化注意指示代詞的變化4. 注意時(shí)間的變化注意時(shí)間的變化6. 注意個(gè)別趨向動(dòng)詞的變化注意個(gè)別趨向動(dòng)詞的變化11 直接 間接 真討厭， 人稱 時(shí)態(tài) 都翻臉， 指示 時(shí)地 也改變。12 直接引語直接引語 間接引語間接引語指示指示代詞代詞 時(shí)時(shí) 間間 狀狀 語語 地點(diǎn)狀語地點(diǎn)狀語 方向性動(dòng)詞方向性動(dòng)詞 this, tha

8、t, these those now, then, today that day this week that week yesterday the day before last week the week before four days ago four days before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next daynext month the next month here there come, go,bring take 13直接引語中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞直接引語中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞間接引語中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞間接引語中的

9、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞shallshallshouldshouldshouldshouldshouldshould（不變）（不變）willwillwouldwouldwouldwouldwouldwould（不變）（不變）maymaymightmightmightmightmightmight（不變）（不變）cancancouldcouldcouldcouldcouldcould（不變）（不變）mustmustmust/had tomust/had to14The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the

10、 west.謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)變化需要注意幾點(diǎn)：謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)變化需要注意幾點(diǎn)：1. 1.直接引語表述的是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，直接引語表述的是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變時(shí)態(tài)不變The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”15She says that shell never forget the days in the country.2. 如果直接引語所表述的內(nèi)容在目前和說話時(shí)如果直接引語所表述的內(nèi)容在目前和說話時(shí)同樣有效，變間接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)可不變同樣有效，變間接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)可

11、不變The children said, “We love this game.”They told us that they love that game.3.主句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，在引述時(shí)，主句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，在引述時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。時(shí)態(tài)不變。She says, “Ill never forget the days in the country.”161. 1. 當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是將來時(shí)的時(shí)候當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是將來時(shí)的時(shí)候 2. 2. 當(dāng)直接引語部分帶有具體的過去時(shí)間狀語時(shí)當(dāng)直接引語部分帶有具體的過去時(shí)間狀語時(shí) 3. 3. 當(dāng)直接引語中有以當(dāng)直接引語中有以when, whil

12、ewhen, while引導(dǎo)的從句，引導(dǎo)的從句，表示過去的時(shí)間時(shí)表示過去的時(shí)間時(shí) 4. 4. 當(dāng)引語是諺語、格言時(shí)當(dāng)引語是諺語、格言時(shí)5. 5. 當(dāng)直接引語中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞當(dāng)直接引語中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need時(shí)時(shí) 從句時(shí)態(tài)無須改變的還有以下情況從句時(shí)態(tài)無須改變的還有以下情況: :17Exercises:1. He said , “I m afraid I cant finish this work.”2.He said , “I havent h

13、eard from him since May.” 3.Tom said “I will see you next week.” He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work.He said that he hadnt heard from him since May.Tom said that he would see me the next week.184. “Why were you late again?” The teacher said to me. 5. “I dont like swimming,” said Sarah. 6. His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian.7. “Have you been to Paris?” My classmate asked me.The teacher asked me why I was late again.Sarah sai