Grammar高中英語(yǔ)選修8 Unit 3

1、過(guò)去分詞作過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)往往與被修飾詞靠得很過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)往往與被修飾詞靠得很緊緊, 成為一個(gè)復(fù)合詞。這種分詞叫成為一個(gè)復(fù)合詞。這種分詞叫分詞形分詞形容詞容詞 (the Participle Adjective), 實(shí)際上相實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)單純的形容詞當(dāng)于一個(gè)單純的形容詞, 除表示除表示“完成完成”的動(dòng)作之外的動(dòng)作之外, 還表示還表示“_”的意義。如：的意義。如：spoken English (英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ))；一、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)一、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ) 被動(dòng)被動(dòng)iced beer (冰凍啤酒冰凍啤酒)；cook

2、ed food (熟食熟食); fried chips (炸土豆條炸土豆條)注意注意:不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞常表示不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞常表示“完完成成”的動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作, 而不表示而不表示“被動(dòng)被動(dòng)”意義。如意義。如: boiled water (開(kāi)水開(kāi)水); fallen leaves (落葉落葉) ; the risen sun (升起的太陽(yáng)升起的太陽(yáng))等。等。 1. The tall man is a returned student. 高個(gè)子的那個(gè)人是個(gè)歸國(guó)留學(xué)生。高個(gè)子的那個(gè)人是個(gè)歸國(guó)留學(xué)生。 2. My parents are both retired teachers. 我的父母都是退

3、休教師。我的父母都是退休教師。 單個(gè)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞單個(gè)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞, 一般放在被修飾的名一般放在被修飾的名詞的前面詞的前面, 作作_。e.g. The excited people rushed into building. 激動(dòng)的人們沖進(jìn)大樓。激動(dòng)的人們沖進(jìn)大樓。 (= the people who were excited) Lost time can never be found again. 虛度的時(shí)光虛度的時(shí)光, 無(wú)法挽回。無(wú)法挽回。(= time which is lost) (1) 前置定語(yǔ)前置定語(yǔ)前置定語(yǔ)前置定語(yǔ) 少數(shù)單個(gè)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞少數(shù)單個(gè)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞, 如如 left

4、 等等, 只只能作能作_。e.g. 1. Everything used should be marked. 所有用過(guò)的東西應(yīng)該做好標(biāo)記。所有用過(guò)的東西應(yīng)該做好標(biāo)記。 2. Among the invited were some ladies. 被邀請(qǐng)的人中被邀請(qǐng)的人中, 有些是女士。有些是女士。 3. The books left are for my students. 剩下的書是給我的學(xué)生的。剩下的書是給我的學(xué)生的。 (2) 后置定語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí), 通常通常要放在被修飾的名詞的后面要放在被修飾的名詞的后面, 在意思上相在意思上

5、相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。_動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)用來(lái)表示被動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)用來(lái)表示被動(dòng), 可改為帶被動(dòng)語(yǔ)可改為帶被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句; _動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 (僅限于單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞僅限于單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞, 且不能后置且不能后置) 則表則表示完成示完成, 可改為帶有完成時(shí)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句。可改為帶有完成時(shí)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句。 及物及物不及物不及物e.g. Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活動(dòng)嗎今晚有什么活動(dòng)嗎? (= that has been planned for tonight) The meeting, att

6、ended by a lot of people, was a success 這次會(huì)議有很多人出席這次會(huì)議有很多人出席, 開(kāi)得很成功。開(kāi)得很成功。 (= which was attended by a lot of people)3. We drank some boiled water and went on with our work. 我們喝了一些開(kāi)水后就繼續(xù)工作。我們喝了一些開(kāi)水后就繼續(xù)工作。 (= which had boiled) 注意注意:這里的過(guò)去分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是被修飾的這里的過(guò)去分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是被修飾的詞詞, 改為定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)與之一致改為定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)與之

7、一致?？键c(diǎn)一：作定語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)一：作定語(yǔ)1. Tsinghua University, _ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded 點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 答案為答案為C。過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置。過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾定語(yǔ)，修飾Tsinghua University。C2. The island, _ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join

8、C. joined D. having joined 點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥答案為答案為C。過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后。過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾置定語(yǔ)，修飾island。C過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)并無(wú)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)并無(wú)“完成完成”或或“被動(dòng)被動(dòng)”之意之意, 而是表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或思想感情等。而是表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或思想感情等。如：如：He looked worried after reading the letter.看完信后看完信后, 他顯得很憂慮。他顯得很憂慮。When we heard of it, we were deeply moved.當(dāng)我們聽(tīng)到這件事時(shí)當(dāng)我們聽(tīng)到這件事時(shí), 被深深地感動(dòng)了。被深深地感動(dòng)了。 He s

9、eemed quite delighted at the idea. 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)想法聽(tīng)到這個(gè)想法, 他似乎很高興。他似乎很高興。 二、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)二、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)amused (愉快的愉快的)； broken (碎了的碎了的)； closed (關(guān)閉的關(guān)閉的)； astonished (吃驚的吃驚的)；crowded (擁擠的擁擠的)； experienced (有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的); delighted (高興的高興的)； lost (丟失的丟失的)；gone (遺失的遺失的)； disappointed (失望的失望的)；worried (擔(dān)憂的擔(dān)憂的)； interested (

10、感興趣的感興趣的) tired (疲勞的疲勞的) pleased (高興的高興的)；satisfied (滿意的滿意的)； surprised (吃驚的吃驚的); married (已婚的已婚的)； known (著名的著名的) 等等。等等。 常見(jiàn)的作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞有常見(jiàn)的作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞有: :作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞可被作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞可被much, very, quite等所修飾。等所修飾。e.g. I was very pleased at the news 聽(tīng)了這消息我很高興。聽(tīng)了這消息我很高興。 He grew much tired of the work 他十分厭倦這工作。他十分厭倦

11、這工作。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 聽(tīng)了這想法他似乎很高興。聽(tīng)了這想法他似乎很高興。 考點(diǎn)二：作表語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)二：作表語(yǔ)1. In April, thousands of holiday makers remained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 答案為答案為B。remain此處是系動(dòng)此處是系動(dòng)詞，后接過(guò)去分詞表狀態(tài)，表示詞，后接過(guò)去分詞表狀態(tài)，表示“成千成千上萬(wàn)度假者被困在國(guó)外上萬(wàn)度

12、假者被困在國(guó)外”。B2. Tom knew he would certainly get _ if he was late home. A. shout at B. to shout at C. shouted at D. to be shouted at點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 答案為答案為C。此處表示。此處表示“湯姆知道湯姆知道自己肯定會(huì)被訓(xùn)斥自己肯定會(huì)被訓(xùn)斥”。C三、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)三、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 能用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞一般都能用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞一般都是及物動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞, 表示表示_意義或意義或_意意義義, 有時(shí)候兩者兼而有之。作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足有時(shí)候兩者兼而有之。作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

13、的過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系關(guān)系, 即賓語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。即賓語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。e.g. She found the door broken in when she came back 她回來(lái)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)有人破門而人。她回來(lái)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)有人破門而人。被動(dòng)被動(dòng)已完成已完成My grandfather had his old house rebuilt.我爺爺找人重修了一下他的舊房子。我爺爺找人重修了一下他的舊房子。Will you please make yourself heard to us, please? 請(qǐng)你大聲點(diǎn)讓我們都聽(tīng)請(qǐng)你大聲點(diǎn)讓我們都聽(tīng)到你

14、說(shuō)的話到你說(shuō)的話, 好嗎？好嗎？少數(shù)少數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞用作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)的過(guò)去分詞用作賓補(bǔ)時(shí), 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作完成后的狀態(tài)。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作完成后的狀態(tài)。e.g. They found all the guests gone when they woke up. 當(dāng)他們醒來(lái)時(shí)當(dāng)他們醒來(lái)時(shí), 發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的客人都走發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的客人都走 了。了。動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的基本用法動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的基本用法動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞可以在動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞可以在“主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)+賓賓語(yǔ)語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”句型中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足句型中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中語(yǔ)。在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中, 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞和它動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞和它前面的

15、賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。如前面的賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。如果這種句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)果這種句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài), 原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。e.g.I must get my bike repaired我必須請(qǐng)人修理自行車。我必須請(qǐng)人修理自行車。 (賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))The girl was found beaten black and blue人們發(fā)現(xiàn)那女孩被打得青一塊紫一塊。人們發(fā)現(xiàn)那女孩被打得青一塊紫一塊。 (主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)) (1) 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞可作表示感覺(jué)和心理狀動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞可作表示感覺(jué)和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),

16、 這類動(dòng)詞包括這類動(dòng)詞包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。等。e.g. We thought the game lost 我們認(rèn)為球賽輸了。我們認(rèn)為球賽輸了。I have never heard him spoken ill of others.我從未聽(tīng)過(guò)有人說(shuō)他的壞話。我從未聽(tīng)過(guò)有人說(shuō)他的壞話。She felt a great weight taken off her mind. 她覺(jué)得心里輕松了些。她覺(jué)得心里輕松了些。They considered the matter settled他們認(rèn)為這

17、問(wèn)題解決了。他們認(rèn)為這問(wèn)題解決了。(2) 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞可作使役動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞可作使役動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ), 這類動(dòng)詞包括這類動(dòng)詞包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。等。e.g. I have my hair cut once a month. 我每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)。我每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)。 He was trying to make himself understood. 他正努力使別人聽(tīng)懂自己。他正努力使別人聽(tīng)懂自己。 (請(qǐng)人請(qǐng)人)把某事做完。把某事做完。e.g. She had her house repaired. 她請(qǐng)人把屋子修好了。她請(qǐng)人把屋子

18、修好了。 Where did you have your hair cut? 你在哪兒理的發(fā)你在哪兒理的發(fā)? “have + 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) + done”結(jié)構(gòu)有三個(gè)含義：結(jié)構(gòu)有三個(gè)含義： 遭遇某種意外情況。遭遇某種意外情況。e.g. He had his hat blown away on his way home. 在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。 She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的錢包被偷了。昨天她的錢包被偷了。 完成某事完成某事 (自己也可能參與自己也可能參與)。e.g. I have had all my spel

19、ling mistakes corrected. 我把所有的拼寫錯(cuò)誤都改正了。我把所有的拼寫錯(cuò)誤都改正了。 He has had one thousand yuan saved this year. 他今年已存了他今年已存了1000元。元。 (3) 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞可作表示希望、要求、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞可作表示希望、要求、命令等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，這類動(dòng)詞包命令等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，這類動(dòng)詞包括括like, want, wish, expect, order等等”這一這一類動(dòng)詞的后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。類動(dòng)詞的后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。e.g. He wont like such questions discussed

20、at the meeting. 他不喜歡在會(huì)議上討論這樣的問(wèn)題。他不喜歡在會(huì)議上討論這樣的問(wèn)題。The students wish the TV serial plays continued.學(xué)生們希望電視連續(xù)劇繼續(xù)播下去。學(xué)生們希望電視連續(xù)劇繼續(xù)播下去。(4) 過(guò)去分詞用在過(guò)去分詞用在“with + 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) + 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中這一結(jié)構(gòu)中, 過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。關(guān)系。e.g. The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back. 小偷被帶進(jìn)來(lái)了小偷被帶進(jìn)來(lái)了, 雙手被反綁在后面。雙手

21、被反綁在后面。 With many brightly colored flowers planted around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden. 周圍種了許多色彩鮮艷的花周圍種了許多色彩鮮艷的花, 他的房子他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花園?？瓷暇拖褚蛔恋幕▓@。 考點(diǎn)三：作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)三：作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1. Claire had her luggage _ an hour before her plane left. A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked 點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥

22、答案為答案為D。have sth. Done意為意為“使某物被使某物被”。D2. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams. A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 答案為答案為C。keep oneself reminded of . 意為意為“使某人自己被提醒使某人自己被提醒”。CI. 下列各句均有一處錯(cuò)誤下列各句均有一處錯(cuò)誤, 指出并改正。指出并改正。 The match between Cla

23、ss 4 and Class 5 is sure to be excited. 2. Interesting in English, he listens to BBC every day. excited excitingInteresting Interested3. How I wish I could make myself understanding fully in English!4. We met him at the giving time and place.5. When heard the news, she burst into laughter. understanding understoodgiving givenheard hearing或或heard前加前加she6. He was sitting in the chair, read a book. 7. The villagers had many trees planting just then. 8. Entered the room, she found the wall newly painted.read readingplanting plantedEntered Entering9. Surprising at what happened, Tom didnt