2011高考英語時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)講解及習(xí)題

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)    1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生、習(xí)慣性動作、客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言，目前的特征、狀態(tài)、能力等。    2.主句是一般將來時(shí),時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。如：ll go there after I finish my´      I t go there.´work./ If it rains tomorrow,I won    3.在以here,there開頭的句子里，go,c

2、ome等少數(shù)動詞的一般在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動作。例如：There goes the bell.鈴響了。There comes the bus.來了。Here she comes.她來了。二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)    1.表示正在進(jìn)行的動作。    2.表示按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的動作。例如：She is leaving for Beijing. He is working as a teacher tomorrow.     3.代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，描繪更加生動。例如：The Changjiang River is flo

3、wing into the east.     4.大多數(shù)動詞可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，但也有些動詞不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。常見的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget,believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)    1.表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，或說話時(shí)已完成的動作。例如：I have finished the re

4、port./ She has cleand the room.    2.表示從過去開始，待續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，往往和“for”, “since”表述的一段時(shí)間狀語連用。例如：He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.    3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別： 1）用兩種時(shí)態(tài)來表述發(fā)生在過去的某一動作，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一過去動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，而一般過去時(shí)只表達(dá)過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在關(guān)系

5、不大。例如：She has cleaned the room .It s very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改為cleaned.一是因?yàn)閏leaned與現(xiàn)狀無關(guān)，二是因?yàn)橐话氵^去時(shí)不可突然跳到It這樣的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。)  2）漢語中的“了”、“過”、“曾”等詞常用完成表達(dá)，如：I have seen that film.（我看過那部電影了。）但是如果是在特定的過去時(shí)間“看了”、“做過”，就不可用完成時(shí)而必須用一般過去進(jìn)來表達(dá)。例如：When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么時(shí)候看了那部電影？我昨天

6、看的。)不能說：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.    4.表示“曾經(jīng)到過某地（人已回來）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（還未回來）”用“have/has gone to”.例如：Where is Li Hua? He has gone to the reading-room.She knows a lot about Shanghai.She has been there.    5.短暫動詞（即瞬間動詞），join,lose,b

7、uy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。例如不能說：He has finished the work for three hours.要翻譯“他已完成工作三小時(shí)了?！笨刹捎?）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延續(xù)法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has be

8、en three hours since he finished the work.四、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)    1.用來表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（或今后還要繼續(xù)一去）的動作。例如：He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ It has been raining for two days.    2.凡是不能用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的動詞均不能用于現(xiàn)成完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。五、一般過去時(shí)    表達(dá)特定的過去時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀況，或過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)

9、生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為。六、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)    1.表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作（這一過去時(shí)間須用時(shí)間狀語表示）。例如：He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.    2.表示動作在另一過去動作發(fā)生時(shí)進(jìn)行。例如：They were still working when I left.    3.用在兩個(gè)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)動作同時(shí)發(fā)生。例如：I was writing while he was watching TV.  &#

10、160; 4.表示過去將來動作。例如：He said she was arriving the next day.七、過去完成時(shí)    1.表示在過去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動作。例如：He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.    2.表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一個(gè)過去時(shí)刻才完成，甚至還要繼續(xù)下去。例如：At the age of ten,he had learne

11、d 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.    3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等動詞的過去完成時(shí)來表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。例如：We had expected that you would be able to win the match.八、一般將來時(shí)    一般將來時(shí)表示將來要發(fā)生的動作和存在的狀況。有下列一些形式：    1.will/sh

12、all do （側(cè)重將來行為，不突出計(jì)劃安排去做某事）    2.be going to do (主觀上打算或客觀上可能發(fā)生)    3.be doing (按計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生，常和表示最近的將來時(shí)間連用)    4.be about to do (按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生)九、將來完成時(shí)    用來表示在將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻（前）將完成的動作。常和by短語，when,before引起的時(shí)間狀語連用。例如：We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end

13、 of this term.被動語態(tài)一、被動語態(tài)的句型    1.常見句式是：主語（受動者）be過去分詞（by施動者）    例如：He was scolded by the English teacher.    2.主語get過去分詞其它成分例如：The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.注意：使用這種結(jié)構(gòu)不能帶有“by施動者”    被動：1）I was®3.帶有

14、雙賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語）的主動句變?yōu)閯泳洌渲髡Z可以是直接賓語，也可以是間接賓語。例如：She lent me a bike. lent a bike(by her).2）A bike was lent to me(by her).    4.情態(tài)動詞be過去分詞例如：This problem must be worked out in half an hour.    5.雙重被動式：主語被動式謂語不定式的被動式其它成分例如；These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of t

15、he reading-room./The murderer was ordered to be shot.二、主動表示被動的幾種情況    1.不及物動詞與狀語連用，用以表示主語的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。常見動詞是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例如：This knife cuts well.這把刀好切。These books sell well.這些書好賣。The pen writes t keep long in such hot weather.肉在這樣熱的天氣里放不長久。The´smo

16、othly.這支筆寫起來流暢。Meat won cloth washes well.這種布好洗。    2.一些連系動詞的主動式形容詞。常見動look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.注：prove也可用于被動式，如：His answer(was) proved right.   

17、 3.不定式在某些形容詞之后，且與主語有動賓關(guān)系。常見形容詞有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to complete in a year.比較：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answ

18、ered.沒有形容詞時(shí)，雖然不定式與主語是動賓關(guān)系，但必須用被動式。三、容易誤用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：    1.I teach myself French.不可變?yōu)镸yself is taught French.因?yàn)榉瓷泶~不可作主語。    2.We help each other/one another.不可變?yōu)镋ach other/One another is helped by us.因?yàn)橄嗷ゴ~不可作主語。    3.He lost heart.不可變?yōu)镠eart was lost by him

19、.因?yàn)橄髄ose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought這類動賓結(jié)構(gòu)的固定短語只能用于主動式，不能用被動式。    4.She took part in the sports meet.不能變?yōu)門he sports meet was taken part in by her.因?yàn)橄髏ake part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表狀態(tài)動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。  1.I need one more stamp before my collection_.&

20、#160; (NMET)    A.has completed    B.completes    C.has been completed    D.is completed  2.Do you like the material?    Yes,it_very soft.  (NMET)    A.is feeling    B.felt  &

21、#160; C.feels    D.is felt 3Great changes_in the city,and a lot of factories_.  (NMET)     A.have been taken placehave been set up     B.have taken placehave been set up     C.have taken placehave set up   

22、;  D.were taken placewere set up4.Most of the artists_to the party were from South Africa.  (NMET)    A.invited    B.to invite    C.being invited    D.had been invited5.I don t know the restaurant,but it s_to be quite a good&

23、#160;one.(NMET) A.said    B.told    C.spoken    D.talked6.The police found that the house_and a lot of things_.(NMET)    A.has broken intohas been stolen    B.has broken intohad been stolen    C.has been broken

24、 intostolen        D.had been broken intostolen7.I promise that the matter will_.  (NMET)    A.be taden care    B.be taken care of    C.take care    D.take care of 8.If city noises_from increasing,peo

25、ple_shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.  (NMET)    A.are not keptwill have to    B.are not kepthave to    C.do not keepwill have to     D.do not keephave to9.The Olympic Games,_in 776 BC,did not include w

26、omen players until 1912.(NMET)    A.first playing   B.to be first played   C.first played   D.to be first playing 10.This sentence needs_.     A.a improvement    B.improve    C.improving   

27、D.improved  11.I should very much like to have gone to the party,but I_invited.t been    C.was not   ´     A.am not    B.haven D.will not be 12._the note_to Mr Smith?     No,It is still in my pocket. 

28、    A.Isbeing tbeen´given  B.Wasgiven  C.Hasbeen given  D.Hasn given 13.We heard it_that he had gone to New York.     A.say    B.said    C.to say    D.be said1Can I join your club,dad?   You

29、 can when you_a bit older.  (NMET)   A.get    B.will get    C.are getting    D.will have got2Oh,its you!I_you.   Ive just had my hair cut and Im wearing new glasses.   A.didnt recognize      

30、;  B.hadnt recognized     C.havent recognized      D.dont recongnize   3.I dont think Jim saw me;he_into space.  (NMET)  A.just stared    B.was just staring    C.has just stared    D.had jus

31、t stared4._my glasses?  Yes,I saw them on your bed a minute ago.  (NMET)  A.Do you see    B.Had you seen    C.Would you see   D.Have you seen5.You dont need to describe her.I_her several times.  (NMET)  A.had met    B.ha

32、ve met    C.met    D.meet6.Do you know our town at all?  No,this is the first time I_here.  A.was    B.have been    C.came    D.am going7.I dont really work here.I_until the new secretary arrives.  (NMET) 

33、 A.just help out          B.have just helped out      C.am just helping out    D.will just help out 8.Is this raincoat yours?  No,mine_there behind the door.  (NMET)  A.is hanging    B.has h

34、ung    C.hangs    D.hungDCBAA DBACC CCB AABDB BCA動詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)專練1.The maths problem can be_.  A.easy worked out        B.easy to be worked out   C.easily worked out      D.easily to work out2.Every possible

35、 means_,but none proves successful.  A.has been tried    B.tried    C.is being tried    D.has tried3.The girl is to_a rich man.  A.marry with    B.be married    C.marry to    D.be married to4.He recei

36、ved a telegram that_“Mother sick”.  A.wrote    B.says    C.reads    D.read5.Who can you imagine_to his wedding party?  A.inviting    B.being invited    C.was invited    D.to be invited6.I_ten minutes

37、to decide whether I should reject the offer.(NMET)  A.gave    B.was given    C.was giving    D.had given7.Will somebody go and get Dr.White?s already´  He been_.(NMET)  A.asked for    B.sent for    C.calle

38、d for    D.looked for8.A conductor_to keep us in time in the singing yesterday.  A.needs    B.is needing    C.was needed    D.has been needed9.When and where to build the new factory_yet.  A.is not decided    B.are

39、not decided    C.has not decided    D.have not decided10.Ways_to stop pollution by now.   A.must find    B.will be found    C.are found    D.have been foundt want anything_about it.´11.I don   A.to sa

40、y    B.said    C.saying    D.having said12._that the sports meet might be put off.   Yes,it all depends on the weather.ve´ve been told    B.I´   A.I m told    D.I told´told   

41、 C.I13.A library with five thousand books_to the nation as a gift.(NMET)   A.is offered    B.has offered    C.are offered    D.have offered14.Betty has never been heard _ill of others.   A.speak    B.spoken  &#

42、160; C.to speak    D.was said15.Tom_to have delivered the speech in their theatre room.   A.said    B.says    C.is said    D.was said16.What do you think of the book?   s worth_a second time.(NMET)´Oh,excellent.It&#

43、160;  A.to read    B.to be read    C.reading    D.being read17.Little Jim should love_to the theatre this evening.(NMET)   A.to be taken    B.to take    C.being taken    D.taking.18._more attenti

44、on,the trees could have grown better.(NMET)   A.Given    B.to give    C.Giving    D.Having given19.where_the book?I cant see it anywhere.   I_it right here but now its gone.   A.did you put;have put    

45、60;  B.have you put;put   C.had you put;was putting    D.were you putting;have put20.He would not fail so long as he_hard the next term.   A.studied    B.would study    C.had studied    D.studies21.How long_the Engl

46、ish party_?   A.has;been lasted    B.did;last    C.was;lasted    D.will;be lasted22.What_you_this time next Friday?   A.will;do    B.have;been doing    C.are;doing    D.will;be doing23.Hardl

47、y_the bell_when the teacher came in.   A.did;ring    B.would;ring    C.has;rung    D.had;rung24.It_and the streets were still wet.   A.had been raining    B.rained    C.had been rained    D.

48、would rain25.The book_on the ground for ten minutes but no noe has picked it up.   A.is lying    B.has lain    C.lay    D.has been lying26.We_there when it_to rain.   A.were getting;would begin    B.were about to get;beg

49、an   C.had got;had begun           D.would get;began27.The teacher said we_ten lessons by the end of this term.   A.should have studied    B.were going to study   C.have studied    

50、0;      D.should study28.she told me she had met you in London last year.   _you_her since?   A.Had;met    B.Did;see    C.Would;meet    D.Have;seen29.When_again?   When he_,Ill let you know. 

51、0; A.will he come;will come    B.will he come;come   C.he comes;comes            D.will he come;comes30.Tom_for more than a week.   A.has left    B.had gone away    C.went away

52、0;   D.has been away31.What happened to her teeth?   She_the apple more than she could chew.   A.has bitten    B.bit    C.had been bitting    D.bites32.Shakespeare was said_37 famous plays in his lifetime.   A.finis

53、hing writing    B.to finish writing    C.having written       D.to have written33. Youve agreed to go.So why arent you getting ready?    But I_that you_me to start at once.    A.dont realize;want   &#

54、160;  B.dont realize;wanted    C.havent realized;want   D.didnt realize;wanted34. I missed the lecture last night.      Oh,what a pity!I wish_.    A.you heared it           B.you had he

55、ard it    C.you never heard it      D.you hadnt heard it 35.Ill return the book to the library as soon as I_it.   A.finished    B.am going to finish    C.will finish    D.have finished36. Your phone number

56、 again?I_quite catch it.    Its .(NMET)    A.didnt    B.couldnt    C.dont    D.cant37. Im sorry to keep you waiting.    Oh,not at all.I_here only a few minutes.    A.have been    B

57、.had been    C.was    D.will be38.When I was at college.I_three foreign languages,but I_all except a few words of each.   A.spoke;had forgotten         B.spoke;have forgotten    C.had spoedn;had forgotten 

58、   D.had spoken;have forgotten39.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she_.   A.will arrive    B.arrives    C.is going to arrive    D.is arriving (NMET)40. Who is Jerry Cooper?    _?I saw you

59、 shaking hands with him at the meeting.(NMET)    A.Dont you meet him yet      B.Hadnt you met him yet    C.Didnt you meet him yet     D.Havent you met him yet41. We could have walked to the station.It was so near.    Yes,a taxi_at all necessary.(NMET)    A.wasnt    B.hadnt been    C.wouldnt be    D.wont be42.We havent heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose_to her?(NEMT)   A.was happening  &