高中英語(yǔ)unit1語(yǔ)法直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)課件新人教版必修一

1、 GrammarDirect and indirect speechDirect and indirect speech媽媽說(shuō):” 杰克是個(gè)好工人“.Mother said :”Jack is a good worker.”媽媽說(shuō)杰克是個(gè)好工人。Mother said that Jack is a good worker直接引語(yǔ)：直接引語(yǔ)：間接引語(yǔ)Direct speech:Indirect speech:一、如何變?nèi)朔Q：一、如何變?nèi)朔Q： 口訣：一隨主。二隨賓，第三不變。口訣：一隨主。二隨賓，第三不變。 “一隨主一隨主”是指在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果是指在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果從句中的主

2、語(yǔ)是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語(yǔ)的人稱變化如：從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語(yǔ)的人稱變化如： She said. My brother wants to go shopping with me. ” She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her.“二隨賓二隨賓”是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，若從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第二人稱或，若從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第二人稱或被第二人你所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟被第二人你所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語(yǔ)一致。如果引

3、號(hào)外引號(hào)外的主句的賓語(yǔ)一致。如果引號(hào)外的主句沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)。也可以用第一人稱，的主句沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)。也可以用第一人稱，如：如： HesaidtoKate.Howisyoursisternow?”HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。 “第三人稱不更新第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語(yǔ)變間是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)。如果從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是接引語(yǔ)時(shí)。如果從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如：人稱一般不需要變化如： Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good boy.”Mr. Smith said Ja

4、ck was a good boy.二二.時(shí)態(tài)的變化：時(shí)態(tài)的變化：1.當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不變。的時(shí)候，從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不變。1)She often says, “ All men and women are equal under the law.”變?yōu)椋鹤優(yōu)椋篠he often says that all men and women are equal under the law.2)“You did very well,” I have just told Tom.變?yōu)椋鹤優(yōu)椋篒 have just told To

5、m that he did very well.She will say, “Ill do it tomorrow.” She will say that shell do it the next day.2. 2. 主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句謂語(yǔ)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化。動(dòng)詞要發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)

6、去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí).一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變一般過(guò)去時(shí)： The girl said, “Im sorry for being late for class.” The girl said that she was sorry for being late for class.一般過(guò)去時(shí)變過(guò)去完成時(shí)： He said to me, “I met your father.” He told me that he had met my father.1).時(shí)態(tài)需要變化的是：.一般將來(lái)時(shí)變過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)： She said, “He will go

7、 to see his friend.” She said he would go to see his friend.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變過(guò)去完成時(shí)： She said. “I have lost a pen.” She said that she had lost a pen.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)： She said to me, “Im studying Japanese these days.” She told me that she was studying Japanese those days.注意：下列情況時(shí)態(tài)不變注意：下列情況時(shí)態(tài)不變。1不變的真理。不變的真理。The teach

8、er said to the students, ”Water freezes when the temperature falls below zero.”改為：改為：The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below zero.2.有具體的過(guò)去年月日： Xiao Wang said. “I was born on April 21,1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 19803.經(jīng)常的習(xí)慣。經(jīng)常的習(xí)慣。He said to

9、 the doctor, “ I smoke two packs every day.”Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.4. 歷史事件。歷史事件。The teacher said ,” World War II ended in 1945.”The teacher said that World War II ended in 1945.”5.部分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如部分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如must, ought to, used to, had better 等。等。She said to me,” You must hurry up.”She sai

10、d that I She said that I must hurry up.must hurry up.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有過(guò)去時(shí)的形式（ought to, had better, used to)或已經(jīng)是過(guò)去時(shí)的形式時(shí) (could, should, would, might)： Peter said. “You had better come have today.” Peter said I had better go there that day. He said , “I could swim when I was only six.” He said that he could swim

11、 when he was only six.6.過(guò)去完成時(shí)： She said, “They had left when I arrived there.” She said they had left when she arrived there.7.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)： Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.8.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(表示所述事實(shí)在當(dāng)時(shí)和目前同樣生效)： He s

12、aid, “Im a boy, not a girl.” He said that he is a boy, not a girl.四、四、如何變句型： 直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。的賓語(yǔ)從句。Shesaid,Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.“Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.直接引語(yǔ)如果是反意疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句或一般疑問(wèn)句，直接引語(yǔ)如果是反意疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句或一般疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由whether或或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)

13、從句引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句.Hesaid,Canyouswim,John?“HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim。“Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?”HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.直接引語(yǔ)如果是特殊問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)該改為由疑問(wèn)代詞或疑直接引語(yǔ)如果是特殊問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)該改為由疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（賓語(yǔ)從句必須用陳述句語(yǔ)序）。問(wèn)副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（賓語(yǔ)從句必須用陳述句語(yǔ)序）。Sheaskedme,Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?”Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinn

14、er.Sheaskedme,WhatwasJackdoingwhenIcomein?”SheaskedmewhatJackwasdoingwhenshecamein.直接引語(yǔ)如果是祈使句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為直接引語(yǔ)如果是祈使句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為“Tell(ask,order,beg等等)sb(not)todosth.”句型句型。如：如：1.Dontmakeanynoise,theteachersaidtothestudents.Shetold(ordered)thestudentsnottomakeanynoise.2.“Openthedoor,please,saidshe.Sheaskedhimt

15、oopenthedoor.直接引語(yǔ)如果是以直接引語(yǔ)如果是以“Lets”開(kāi)頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g開(kāi)頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用“suggest+動(dòng)句詞（或從句）動(dòng)句詞（或從句）”如如：Hesaid,Letsgotothemovies.Hesuggestedgoingtothemovies.或或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethemovies. Summary1當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句：由當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句：由( that) 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)（主語(yǔ)（said) that+句子（時(shí)態(tài)往過(guò)去推句子（時(shí)態(tài)往過(guò)去推 told 2 當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是

16、一般疑問(wèn)句: 用用 if引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo) whether主語(yǔ)（主語(yǔ)（asked) if +一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句(主謂結(jié)構(gòu)）主謂結(jié)構(gòu)） whether竅門（竅門（do /does /did去掉）去掉） （be/can/may/must/will/should放主語(yǔ)后）放主語(yǔ)后） 3.當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，用原來(lái)當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，用原來(lái)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)（的特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)（what / where等）等） 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) asked+what 特殊疑問(wèn)句（主謂）特殊疑問(wèn)句（主謂） where4當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句時(shí)用句型：當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句時(shí)用句型：主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ told sb (not)to do st

17、h asked orderedchange the direct speech into reported speech 1 The girl said,“I will have a party.” The girl said (that) she would have a party. 2 He asked me,“Is your father a doctor?” He asked me if /whether my father was a doctor. 3 The police asked the man ,“Where are you going?” The police aske

18、d the man where he was going. 4 Mother said to Tom,“get up earlier!” Mother told/asked Tom to get up earlier. 5 The teacher said to us,“ Dont talk in class!” The teacher told /asked us not to talk in class. 6 The teacher said,“ The moon goes around the earth.” The teacher said(that) the moon goes ar

19、ound the earth.記?。河涀。褐甘敬~、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞的變化動(dòng)詞的變化直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)指示代詞this, thesethat, those時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)nowtodayyesterdaytomorrowthis weeknext week.thenthat daythe day beforethe next daythat week.the next week地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)herethere動(dòng)詞come go由直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)由直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ),下列代詞、下列代詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞等可能要變化。形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞等可能要變化。直接引語(yǔ)直接引

20、語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)thisthesenowagotodaytomorrowthat/thisthose/thesethenbeforethatday/today/yesterday(the)nextday直接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)thedayaftertomorrowyesterdaylastnightthedaybeforeyesterdaygobringhereintwodaystimethedaybeforethenightbeforetwodaysbeforecome/gobring/takethere/here三三.代詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞的變化。代詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞的變化

21、。thisthesenowagotodaytomorrowthedayaftertomorrowyesterdaylastnightthedaybeforeyesterdaygobringherethat/thisthose/thesethenbeforethatday/todaythenextdayintwodaystimethedaybeforethenightbeforetwodaysbeforecome/gobring/takethere/here指示代詞變化1).this - that He said, “I want this.” He said that he wanted th

22、at.2).these - those He said, These books are mine. He said that those books were his.(如果轉(zhuǎn)述發(fā)生在當(dāng)天、當(dāng)?shù)氐氖拢Z(yǔ)中的(come, here, today, this morning, yesterday,tomorrow)等不必改變： Bobs wife said, “Bob, you forgot your wallet this morning.” Bobs wife told Bob that he forgot his wallet this morning.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)變化1).now - th

23、en He said, “I am very busy now.” He said he was very busy then.2).today - that day Kitty said “Ill call again after supper today.” Kitty said she would call again after supper that day.3).tonight - that night She said, “I will come here again tonight.” She said she would go there again that night.4

24、).this week (month, etc) - that week (month, etc) “I will take the dictionary home with me this week,” he said. He said that he would take the dictionary home with him that week.5).yesterday - the day before He said, “I bought a bike yesteray.” He said that he had bought a bike the day before.6).yes

25、tersay morning - the morning before He said, “I arrived yesterday morning.” He said he had arrived the morning before.7).the day before yesterday - two days before He said, “I saw a film the day before yesteray.” He said that he had seen a film two days before.8).last week (month, etc) - the week (m

26、onth, etc) before She said, “He left for Shanghai last week.” She said that he had left for Shanghai the week before.9).tomorrow - the next (following) day She said, “Ill do it tomorrow.” She said that she would do it the next day.10).tomorrow morning - the next (following) morning She said , “My si

27、ster will be back tomorrow morning.” She said that her sister would be back the next morning.11).the day after tomorrow - in two days time She said to me, “I will visit Shanghai the day after tomorrow.” She told me that she would visit Shanghai in two days time.12).next week (month, etc) - the next

28、(following) week (month, etc) He asked, “Where is she going next week?” He asked her where she was going the next week.13).a/one year (two years) ago - a/one year (two years) before “What happened to her two years ago?” he asked. He asked (her) what had happened to her two years before.5.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)變化1).he

29、re - there 如： He said, “Ill come here tonight.” He said he would go there that night. 如果轉(zhuǎn)述發(fā)生在當(dāng)天、當(dāng)?shù)氐氖?，引語(yǔ)中的here不必改變：6.動(dòng)詞變化1).bring - take He said, “I will bring the dictionary to you tonight.” He said that he would take the dictionary to me that night.2).come - go Peter said. “You had better come here

30、 today.” Peter said I had better go there that day.3).can - could Tom said, “I can swim across this river.” Tom said that he could swim that river.4).may - might Mary said to Jim, “You may go home now.” Mary told Jim that he might go home then.5).must - had to (would have to) 如： “You must stay in be

31、d for a few days,”said the doctor. The doctor told me that I had to stay in bed for a few days.如果轉(zhuǎn)述發(fā)生在當(dāng)天、當(dāng)?shù)氐氖?，引語(yǔ)中的come不必改變：Practice makes perfect!改錯(cuò)：1.John said that he is going to London with his father.2.He told me that he has taught English since he came here.3.The teacher told me that I must pay

32、 more attention to his pronunciation.4.He said these books were his.5.She said that she would go this evening6.He said that he was washing his clothes now.7.She told me that she was studying Japanes these days.答案：1.is - was 2.has - had 3.his - my 4.these - those 5.this - that 6.now - then 7.these -

33、thoseExercise1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that _ never _ meat.2. “Ive found my wallet.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3. “I took it home with me.” she said. She said that _ _ _ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The te

34、acher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He _ me that he _ met the day _.6. “You must come here before five.” he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five.7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.He said that he _ bought the house 10 y

35、ears _.heatetoldhadfound hisshehadtakenrisesgoestoldhadbeforehadbeforehadthere8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He _ _ I had seen her the week _.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.11. “W

36、here have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _been _ days. 12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said. He _ the children _ _ making so much noise.14. “Dont tell him the news.” she said.She told me _ _ him the news. 15. “Are you int