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1、1. hear from . 意為意為“收到收到的信的信”，相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于receive a letter from . 。如：。如：Have you heard from your brother? 你收到你哥哥的信了嗎？你收到你哥哥的信了嗎？I hear from my mother every week. 每星期我都收到媽媽的信。每星期我都收到媽媽的信。I heard from my sister in New York yesterday.我昨天收到了在紐約的姐姐的來信。我昨天收到了在紐約的姐姐的來信。比較比較 hear from和和receive都可表示都可表示“收收到某人的信到某人的

2、信”。其區(qū)別如下：。其區(qū)別如下：hear from不是指具體接到信件，而是指不是指具體接到信件，而是指得到音信、信息；得到音信、信息；receive往往指收到具往往指收到具體的信件。如：體的信件。如： I havent heard from him for a long time. 我好久沒得到他的音信了。我好久沒得到他的音信了。I havent received any letters from him for several months. 我已經(jīng)好幾個(gè)月沒有收到他的信了。我已經(jīng)好幾個(gè)月沒有收到他的信了。拓展拓展 hear sb. / sth. out 聽完聽完hear about sth

3、. 聽到關(guān)于某事物的消息聽到關(guān)于某事物的消息hear of sb. / sth. 聽說或知道某人聽說或知道某人/物的物的情況情況2. I know youre dying to hear all about my life here, so Ive included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about. 我知道你極想聽到我在這兒的生活我知道你極想聽到我在這兒的生活,我我這兒有一些照片這兒有一些照片,它們會(huì)幫你構(gòu)思出我它們會(huì)幫你構(gòu)思出我要談到的這個(gè)地方。要談到的這個(gè)地方。1) be dying for/

4、to do sth. 渴望渴望, 極想極想, 渴望做某事渴望做某事 Im dying for a piece of cake. I am dying to know where you are from.2) 辨析辨析: hear 與與 listen to hear 強(qiáng)調(diào)聽的結(jié)果強(qiáng)調(diào)聽的結(jié)果 listen to 強(qiáng)調(diào)聽的動(dòng)作強(qiáng)調(diào)聽的動(dòng)作 在某些感官動(dòng)詞如在某些感官動(dòng)詞如: see, hear, feel, watch, observe, notice, listen to等后等后,既可接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語既可接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語,也可接不帶也可接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。 Did you

5、 hear someone laughing outside? I heard someone read loudly in the morning. He was heard to sing in the next room.與與hear 相關(guān)的短語相關(guān)的短語:hear about 聽到關(guān)于聽到關(guān)于.的消息的消息hear from 收到收到的來信的來信hear of 聽說聽說, 聽到聽到hear sb. out 聽到某人把話說完聽到某人把話說完hear sb. do sth. 聽見某人做了某事聽見某人做了某事hear sb. doing sth. 聽見某人正在做某事聽見某人正在做某事The

6、missing boys were last seen _ near the river.A. playing B. to be playingC. play D. to playA3. Well, its a bush schoolthe classroom are made from bamboo and the roofs from grass. 是的是的, 這是一所灌木叢學(xué)校這是一所灌木叢學(xué)校-教室是教室是由竹子建成的由竹子建成的, 房頂是用草蓋的。房頂是用草蓋的。make的用法：的用法：1) be made from 由由.制成制成 (看不出原看不出原材料材料) The paper

7、is made from wood.2) be made of 由由.制成制成(看出原材料看出原材料) The house is made of stone.Remember them!3) be made into 某種原材料制制成某種成品某種原材料制制成某種成品 Glasses is made into bottles.4) be made in 在某地制造在某地制造, in后面接后面接表示地點(diǎn)的名詞表示地點(diǎn)的名詞 This TV set is made in Shanghai.5) be made by 由誰制造由誰制造 The machine is made by workers in

8、 the factory.6) be made up of 由由.組成組成 The class is made of 30 boys and 30 girls.4. When I reach the school grounds there are lots of “good mornings” for me from the boys. Many of them have walked a long way, sometimes up to two hours, to get to the school. 翻譯翻譯 當(dāng)我走到學(xué)校操場的時(shí)候，迎接我當(dāng)我走到學(xué)校操場的時(shí)候，迎接我的是男孩子們一片

9、的是男孩子們一片“早上好早上好”的聲音。的聲音。他們中的許多人走了很長的路，有時(shí)候他們中的許多人走了很長的路，有時(shí)候要走兩個(gè)小時(shí)才能到學(xué)校。要走兩個(gè)小時(shí)才能到學(xué)校。點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 該句的主句為該句的主句為There are lots of “good mornings” for me from the boys。when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句; many of whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾the boys；sometimes up to two hours補(bǔ)充說明走路補(bǔ)充說明走路到學(xué)校需要的時(shí)間。到學(xué)校需要的時(shí)間。4. Im still trying to adapt to

10、 these conditions. However, one thing is for sure, Ive become more imaginative in my teaching. 我現(xiàn)在仍然努力去適應(yīng)這些狀況我現(xiàn)在仍然努力去適應(yīng)這些狀況,但但是有一件事是確定的是有一件事是確定的, 我的教學(xué)方面我的教學(xué)方面已變得更富有想象力了。已變得更富有想象力了。1) try to do sth. 盡力去做某事盡力去做某事 try doing sth. 試著做某事試著做某事英語中有些動(dòng)詞后加動(dòng)名詞和不定式英語中有些動(dòng)詞后加動(dòng)名詞和不定式作賓語時(shí)作賓語時(shí), 意義區(qū)別較大。意義區(qū)別較大。 forget

11、to do sth. 忘記去做某事忘記去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事忘記做過某事remember to do sth. 記得去做某事記得去做某事remember doing sth. 記得做過某事記得做過某事mean to do sth. 打算做某事打算做某事mean doing sth. 意味著要做某事意味著要做某事stop to do sth. 停下來去做某事停下來去做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事停止做某事go on to do sth. 繼續(xù)做另一件事繼續(xù)做另一件事go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做同一件事繼續(xù)做同一件事can help

12、 to do sth. 不能幫著做某事不能幫著做某事cant help doing sth. 禁不住做某事禁不住做某事2) imaginative adj. 富有想象力的富有想象力的,愛想象的愛想象的 an imaginative child/writer有想象有想象力的孩子力的孩子/富有想象力的作家富有想象力的作家 imaginary adj. 想象中的想象中的,假想的假想的 imaginable adj. 可想象的可想象的imagine v. 設(shè)想設(shè)想imagination n. 想象力想象力image n. 雕像雕像,肖像肖像5. The boys who had never come

13、across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows. come across 偶然遇見偶然遇見/發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn) 與與come相關(guān)的短語：相關(guān)的短語： come along 快點(diǎn)快點(diǎn),來吧來吧 come back回來回來, 折回折回come from 來自來自, 從從來來come off 從從離開離開, 脫落脫落come out 出來出來, 出版出版come up 走過來走過來, 走近走近c(diǎn)ome over 過來過來come to 來到來到, 結(jié)果是結(jié)果是Dont forget!6. But last weekend

14、another teacher, Jenny, and I did visit a village which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe. 但是上周末但是上周末, 另一位老師另一位老師Jenny和我拜和我拜訪了一個(gè)村子訪了一個(gè)村子, 這個(gè)村子是其中一個(gè)這個(gè)村子是其中一個(gè)男孩男孩Tombe的家。的家。 did 強(qiáng)調(diào)肯定語氣強(qiáng)調(diào)肯定語氣, do (does, did)用于強(qiáng)用于強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞的語氣時(shí)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞的語氣時(shí), 要符合以下條件要符合以下條件: (1) 句子是肯定句句子是肯定句; (2)謂語動(dòng)詞為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般

15、過去時(shí); (3)謂語動(dòng)詞是單獨(dú)的行為動(dòng)詞或單獨(dú)的謂語動(dòng)詞是單獨(dú)的行為動(dòng)詞或單獨(dú)的連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞(be除外除外)。 The little girl does want to see her mother. 這個(gè)女孩非常想見她的母親。這個(gè)女孩非常想見她的母親。 I do like to eat apples. 我的確喜歡吃蘋果。我的確喜歡吃蘋果。 Do stay a while. 請(qǐng)待會(huì)兒。請(qǐng)待會(huì)兒。7. We walked for two and a half hours to get there first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had

16、 fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below. 翻譯翻譯 我們步行了兩個(gè)半小時(shí)才到達(dá)那我們步行了兩個(gè)半小時(shí)才到達(dá)那里里先是爬山先是爬山, 爬到山脊能看到奇妙爬到山脊能看到奇妙的景色的景色, 然后走下一個(gè)陡坡然后走下一個(gè)陡坡, 一直走到下一直走到下邊的山谷。邊的山谷。點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 該句的主干為該句的主干為We walked。破折。破折號(hào)后的部分起進(jìn)一步解釋說明的作用號(hào)后的部分起進(jìn)一步解釋說明的作用, 說明我們是如何到達(dá)那里的。說明我們是如何到達(dá)那里的。from where引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾a ridg

17、e, 關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞副詞where前一般不加介詞前一般不加介詞, 但但from where卻是個(gè)例外。如：卻是個(gè)例外。如： There are many websites, from where you can find almost all the necessary information. 有許多網(wǎng)址有許多網(wǎng)址, 從那里你能夠找到幾乎所從那里你能夠找到幾乎所有必要信息。有必要信息。8. Everyone seemed to be a relative of Tombes. 每個(gè)人都好像是每個(gè)人都好像是Tombe的親戚。的親戚。 seem 似乎似乎, 看來看來1) 跟不定式跟不定式 I se

18、emed to hear a voice in the distance. He seemed to be in a great hurry.2) 跟形容詞或分詞跟形容詞或分詞 He seems quite happy. Titanic seems _ an interesting film. A . is B. are C. be D. to be D3) 后接后接(to sb.) that從句從句, 但主語是但主語是it。 It seems to me that there is something strange about the case.在我看來這件案子有點(diǎn)奇怪。在我看來這件案子有

19、點(diǎn)奇怪。 It seems that you are lying. 看來你在撒謊吧?？磥砟阍谌鲋e吧。9. Tombers father, Mukap, led us to his house, a low bamboo hut with grass sticking out of the roof- this shows its a mans house. Tomber的父親的父親Mukap領(lǐng)著我們到了他領(lǐng)著我們到了他的房子的房子, 一間低矮的房頂外長滿草的小一間低矮的房頂外長滿草的小竹屋竹屋,這表明它是一個(gè)男人的房子。這表明它是一個(gè)男人的房子。with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(with+ 賓語賓

20、語+ 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ))1) with + n. + doing ( doing表示表示 with 后后名詞發(fā)生的動(dòng)作名詞發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 此名詞為動(dòng)作的執(zhí)此名詞為動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者行者) He lay there with his eyes looking at the sky. 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) with grass sticking out是是“with + n. +動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語形式短語”構(gòu)成構(gòu)成的的with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。2) with + n. + done (done 和和with后面的后面的賓語構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系賓語構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系, 此賓語是動(dòng)作的承此賓語是動(dòng)作的承受者。受者。 The thief

21、 was brought in with his hands tied back.3) with + n. + to do 動(dòng)詞不定式表示目動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的的, 或?qū)l(fā)生或?qū)l(fā)生,未發(fā)生的事。未發(fā)生的事。 With all these mouth to feed, he didnt know what to do. With five minutes to go before the last train left, we arrived at the station.4) with + n. + prep. phrase The teacher came in with some text

22、books under her arm.5) with + n. + adj When he is eating, he doesnt speak with his mouth full of food.考例考例 Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. Sorry. With so much work _ my mind, I almost break down. (福建福建2007)A. filledB. fillingC. to fillD. being filled 點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 so much work與與 fill之間構(gòu)

23、成邏輯之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系上的主謂關(guān)系, 要用動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞-ing形式或不定式。形式或不定式。動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，動(dòng)詞不形式表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，動(dòng)詞不定式表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生定式表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生, 根據(jù)句子提供的根據(jù)句子提供的情景情景, 可知此動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行?？芍藙?dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。Bstick out 突出突出, 伸出伸出stick out for sth. 堅(jiān)持要求某事物堅(jiān)持要求某事物stick to sth. 不放棄不放棄/改變某事物改變某事物stick at sth. 堅(jiān)持不懈堅(jiān)持不懈stick with sb. 繼續(xù)支持某人繼續(xù)支持某人stick up 向上突起向上突起,

24、堅(jiān)起堅(jiān)起10. There were no windows and the doorway was just big enough to get through. 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) get through意為意為“通過通過, 穿過穿過”。 考例考例 There were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldnt get _. (2006全國卷全國卷II) A. between B. through C. across D. beyond點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 get through通過通過, 穿過穿過; get across使使被

25、理解。被理解。 11. adjust vt. & vi. 調(diào)整調(diào)整; 調(diào)節(jié)調(diào)節(jié); 適應(yīng)適應(yīng); 整整理理; 調(diào)準(zhǔn)。如：調(diào)準(zhǔn)。如：The body can quickly adjust itself to the changes of temperature. 身體能迅速自行調(diào)節(jié)以適應(yīng)氣溫的變化。身體能迅速自行調(diào)節(jié)以適應(yīng)氣溫的變化。She carefully adjusted her clothes and her hair before going out. 她出門之前仔細(xì)地整了整自己的衣服和她出門之前仔細(xì)地整了整自己的衣服和頭發(fā)。頭發(fā)。Before you take photos, p

26、lease adjust the focus of your camera.在照相之前請(qǐng)調(diào)準(zhǔn)照相機(jī)的焦距。在照相之前請(qǐng)調(diào)準(zhǔn)照相機(jī)的焦距。聯(lián)想聯(lián)想 adjustable adj. 可調(diào)節(jié)的可調(diào)節(jié)的; 可調(diào)整的可調(diào)整的These seat belts are adjustable. 這些安全帶是可以調(diào)節(jié)的。這些安全帶是可以調(diào)節(jié)的。12. Fresh grass had been laid on the floor and there was a newly made platform for Jenny and me to sleep on. 新鮮的草被鋪在地面上新鮮的草被鋪在地面上, 而且那兒有

27、一而且那兒有一個(gè)新搭的平臺(tái)以便珍妮和我睡在上面。個(gè)新搭的平臺(tái)以便珍妮和我睡在上面。lay vt. (lay, laid, laid)1) 將某物將某物/人置于某位置或某物表面人置于某位置或某物表面 lay the bottle on the desk2) 產(chǎn)卵產(chǎn)卵 The bird lays eggs in the other birds nets. laylaidlaidlaying 放置放置;產(chǎn)蛋產(chǎn)蛋,下蛋下蛋l(fā)ieliedliedlying 說謊說謊lielaylainlying 躺躺;位于位于與與lay相關(guān)的短語：相關(guān)的短語：lay eggs 產(chǎn)卵產(chǎn)卵lay sth. aside 把把

28、.放在一邊放在一邊lay sth. down 放下放下;停止使用停止使用lay sb. off 解雇某人解雇某人lay the table 擺放桌子擺放桌子If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lieC13. Once the fire was going, he laid stones on it. 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) once意為意為“一旦一旦”, 引導(dǎo)條件狀引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。語從句?？祭祭?You wi

29、ll be successful in the interview _ you have confidence. (福建福建2007)A. before B. once C. until D. though點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 句意為句意為“一旦你有了信心一旦你有了信心, 你在你在面試中就會(huì)成功的。面試中就會(huì)成功的?！眅ven though/even if 盡管盡管,即使即使 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,后常用虛擬式動(dòng)后常用虛擬式動(dòng)詞表示與事實(shí)相反的動(dòng)作或行為。當(dāng)詞表示與事實(shí)相反的動(dòng)作或行為。當(dāng)讓步狀語從句的動(dòng)詞用虛擬表示與事讓步狀語從句的動(dòng)詞用虛擬表示與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí)實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí),通常用通常用

30、even though/ even if, 而不用而不用though, although或或as。14. I love listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language, even though . You are not stupid. Even though/ Even if you were slow in study, you shouldnt give up your studies. 你并不愚笨你并不愚笨, 即使你學(xué)得慢一點(diǎn)即使你學(xué)得慢一點(diǎn), 也也 不應(yīng)該放棄學(xué)習(xí)。不應(yīng)該放棄學(xué)習(xí)。15. o

31、therwise 作連詞作連詞, 意為意為“否則否則; 不然不然”, 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于 or或或 if not。如：如：Well go early, otherwise we may not get a seat. 我們得早點(diǎn)去我們得早點(diǎn)去, 要不然就沒有座位了。要不然就沒有座位了。I was ill that day, otherwise I would have taken part in the sports meet. 那天我病了那天我病了, 否則我會(huì)去參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的。否則我會(huì)去參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的。otherwise 作副詞作副詞, 意為意為“用別的方法用別的方法; 不不同地同地; 在其他方面在其

32、他方面; 除此之外除此之外”, 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于in another way或或apart from .。如：如：He is rich, but otherwise an unhappy man. 他有錢他有錢, 但在其他方面是個(gè)不幸福的人。但在其他方面是個(gè)不幸福的人。He is naughty, but otherwise a nice boy. 他很調(diào)皮他很調(diào)皮, 但除此之外他是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的男孩但除此之外他是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的男孩子。子。They should have been working, but they were otherwise engaged. 他們本應(yīng)該在工作他們本應(yīng)該在工作, 但他們正

33、忙別的事。但他們正忙別的事。拓展拓展 and otherwise 等等；及其他等等；及其他or otherwise 或相反；或其他情況或相反；或其他情況In the kindergarten, the children learn singing, dancing，drawing and otherwise. 孩子們?cè)谟變簣@里學(xué)唱歌、跳舞、畫畫孩子們?cè)谟變簣@里學(xué)唱歌、跳舞、畫畫等等。等等。Fine or otherwise, we shall have to go.不管天氣好不好不管天氣好不好, 我們非去不可。我們非去不可。16. It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombes family. enjoy privileges 享受特權(quán)享受特權(quán) have the privilege of 有有的特權(quán)的特權(quán) as a special privilege 作為特權(quán)許可作為特權(quán)許可 by special privilege 根據(jù)特權(quán)根據(jù)特權(quán)17. Its getting late and I have to prepare tomorrows lessons prepare sth. 準(zhǔn)備某事準(zhǔn)備某事 prepare for sth. 為為做準(zhǔn)備做準(zhǔn)備 pr