必修5unit3sectioniii練習(xí)題及答案解析

1、I .詞匯知識1. adj.樂觀（主義）的- n.樂觀（主義）2. n.沙漠；荒原- vt.遺棄；舍棄3. n.公民；居民；市民4. n.打字員- n.打字機(jī)- vt.& vi.打字5. n.郵資 n.郵政編碼6. n.瞬間；片刻 adj.立即的；立刻的7. n.生態(tài)；生態(tài)學(xué)8. adj.貪吃的；貪婪的；貪心的9. n.原料；材料10. adj.回收利用；再利用11. n.代表；典型人物adj.典型的；有代表性的f v.代表12. n.定居；解決- vt.答案：；optimism ； desert4. typist ; typewriter ; type ; postcard7. ec

2、ology11. representative ； represent ； settlen .重點短語1. 加速2.在太空3.三世紀(jì)一些最新的發(fā)明4. 處理；清除5. 被轉(zhuǎn)化為6. 在空間站答案： up space most up to date inventions of the 31st centuryofturned into space stationm.必背句型1. （太空站被描繪成一個巨大的圓盤）,it spins slowlyin space to imitate the pull of theearth ' s gravity.答案： Described as an e

3、normous round plate2. But we cannot（將使用者的這一過錯歸咎于工具本身），canwe?答案：blame the tools for the faults of the userI .品句填詞1. The sign reads “In case of fire , break the glass and push the red （按 鈕）.”答案：button2. We should throw the rubbish into the（垃圾箱）near the roadside.答案：dustbin3. How can we build a house wi

4、thout building（材料）?答案：materials4. She' s Italian by birth but now is an Australian（公民）.答案：citizen5. They argue that the plan would damage theisland ' s （ 生態(tài)）.答案：ecology6. Taking tablets is easy ; just put them in your mouth and（ 吞下）. 答案：swallown .用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空1 “Good evening all the guests from C

5、hina，” said the host.答案： to2 After the operation her condition was described comfortable.答案：as3 Our thanks go to everybody who has worked this project.答案：on4 She loved her lessons, always asking questions, greedy moreinformation.答案： for5 His first novel was turned a movie for television.答案：into6 Don

6、tstare people like that ； it s rude.答案：at7 He doesnt blame anyone his father s death.答案： for8 The waste can cause serious damage to the environment if not disposed properly.答案： ofm.單項填空1 some people come here for a short break, others have decided to stayforever.A BecauseB IfC OnceD While解析：選D。考查連詞。

7、句意：雖然有些人來此只是短暫停留，有些人卻已經(jīng)決定在這里定居了。because 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，if 和 once 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，while 意為“雖然”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。2 （2011 年福州高二檢測） “Idontthink it is my that the TV doesntjust turned it on ， that s all ，” said the boy.A errorB mistakeC faultD duty解析：選a考查詞義辨析。句意：那個男孩說：“電視機(jī)壞了不怪我。我就是打開了它， 如此而已。 ”表示是某人的過錯用 It is onesfault 。 error

8、 和 mistake 意為“錯誤”但不指某人應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)。duty “義務(wù)；職責(zé)”不符合語境。3 You see the lightning it happens ， but you hear the thunder later.A the instantB for an instantC on the instantD in an instant解析：選A。 you see the lightning 和 it happens 是兩個完整的句子，因此需要一個連詞將它們連接，B、 C、 D 選項都是副詞短語。the instant 可用作連詞。4 Many of the party s tradi

9、tional voters it at the last election.A reservedB desertedC preservedD depressed解析： 選B。 考查詞義辨析。句意： 這個黨的很多傳統(tǒng)支持者在上一次選舉中拋棄了它?！皰仐墶睉?yīng)用 desert 表示。 reserve “預(yù)訂”； preserve “保護(hù)；保持”； depress “使憂 愁”。5 All the neighbors admire this family ， the parents are treating theirchild like a friend.A whyB whereC whichD t

10、hat解析：選B。句意：所有的鄰居都對這個家庭贊嘆不已，在這個家庭里，父母對待他們的孩子就像對待朋友一樣。family 后跟非限制性定語從句，where 在定語從句中作地點狀語。6 warmly for his excellent work, he was too to fall asleep.A. Praising ; excitedB. To praise ; excitingC. Praised ; excitingD. Praised ； excited解析：選D?？疾榉侵^語動詞。句意：由于工作出色而受到熱情贊揚，他激動地難以入 睡。praise與he之間是被動關(guān)系，排除 A B。ex

11、citing “令人興奮的“不符合語境。故選 D7. around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see theBird' s Nestfor the 2008 Olympic Games.A. Having shownB. To be shownC. Having been shownD. To show解析：選 G考查分詞作語。由于 we和show之間是被動關(guān)系，排除 A項和D項。B 項作狀語表示目的，不符合語境。這里show與take之間有明顯的時間先后順序，故用havingbeen done表示完成被動。8. I thought h

12、er nice and honest I met her.A. first timeB. for the first timeC. the first timeD. by the first time解析：選C=考查the first time接狀語從句的用法。句意：我第一次遇到她就認(rèn)為她善良誠實。表示“第一次時"一定要用定冠詞the ,排除Ao for the first time 是介詞短語，在句子中作狀語。by the first time搭配錯誤。9. We are hoping that these measures taken by the local governmen

13、t will help things a bit.A. sweep upB. speed upC. make upD. save up解析：選Bo句意：我們希望當(dāng)?shù)卣扇〉倪@些措施能加速事情的進(jìn)展。speed up "加速；使加速”，符合題意。sweep up "橫掃"；make up "組成；構(gòu)成；虛構(gòu)"；save up "節(jié)10. For many affected families, cuts to school bus service will mean a big in their morning and afternoo

14、n schedules.A. settlementB. motivationC. amusementD. adjustment解析：選Do句意：對那些受影響的家庭來說，減少學(xué)校的校車服務(wù)意味著在早上和下 午的安排上都有很大的調(diào)整。adjustment "調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)”，符合題意。settlement "定居； 解決"；motivation "動機(jī)"；amusement“消遣；娛樂（活動）”。W.完形填空What will man be like in the future in 5,000 or even 50,000 years from no

15、w on ? Wecan only make _, of course , but we can be sure that he will be _2_from what he is man is slowly changing all the time.Let us take an obvious , even five hundred years ago, was shorter than he is , on average , men are about three inches hundred years is relatively short period of time , so

16、 we may assume that man will _5_to grow taller.Again , in the modern world we use our brains a great , we still make use of only about 20% of thebrain ' s time going on, 7, we shall have to use our brainsmore and more, and eventually we shall need _8_ones ! This is likely to bring about a physic

17、al change too : the _9_ , in particular the forehead , will grow larger.Nowadays our eyes are in fact , we use them so much that very often they become 11 and we have to wear very long period of time it is likely thatmaH s eyeswill grow stronger.On the other hand, we tend to makeless use of our arms

18、 and , 13, are likely to grow the same time , however, our fingers will grow more 14 because they are used a great deal in modern life.But what about hair ? This will probably 15 from the body altogether in course of time because it doesn' t serve a useful purpose any longer.Perhaps all this giv

19、es the _16_that futureman will not be a very attractivecreature to look at future manwill ;! This may well be the same, in spite of all these _18_still have a lot in commorwith stillbe a humanbeing , with )thoughtsand emotions _20> to our own.1.B. guessesC. explanationsD. ideas解析：選Bo根據(jù)only以及后面的be

20、 sure可知此處表示的是“僅僅是做猜測”o2.B. sameC. obviousD. different解析：選Dobe differentfrom 小問十。指五十年或五力年以后日勺人大將小問十今天的人類。3.B. fantasyC. modelD. shape解析：選A。卜文舉t 一個例子。take an example 是固定短語。4.B. thinnerC. tallerD. shorter解析：選C。指現(xiàn)在的人們平均比以前高3英寸。5.B. continueC. manageD. stop解析：選Bo人類以后將繼續(xù)增高。6. soB. If soC. After allD. In t

21、ime解析：選A即使(even so)大量用大腦，也只用了它的20% if so "如果是這樣”；after all "畢竟;終究"；in time "及時；最終”。7.B. otherwiseC. thereforeD. however解析：選Do“用了 20%與“越來越多”構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用however。8.B. smallerC. sillierD. cleverer解析：選Ao根據(jù)下文的larger可知大腦用得越多，它就長得越大。9.B. noseC. headD. hand解析：選C。隨著大腦的增大，人的頭也會變得更大。10.B. const

22、antC. normalD. unique解析：選Boconstant "不斷的；連續(xù)的"，指我們的眼睛現(xiàn)在用得很頻繁。11.B. biggerC. smallerD. weaker解析：選Do根據(jù)have to wear glasses 可知是視力越來越差。12.B. SoC. ThenD. Though解析：選Ao stronger與前面的weaker構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用 but。13. other wordsB. all in allC. as a resultD. in addition解析：選Co我們很少用胳膊和腿，因此就越來越弱了。less use與weaker構(gòu)

23、成因果關(guān)系，故用as a result "因此"。in other words "換句話說"；all in all "總之；總 而言之"；in addition "此外；再者”。14. B. optimisticC. painfulD. sensitive解析：選Do根據(jù)下文的a great deal可知我們的手指將會變得越來越靈敏(sensitive)effective"有效的"；optimistic "樂觀的"；painful "疼痛的"。15 BmoveC r

24、emoveDrise解析：選Ao根據(jù)下句可知頭發(fā)不再有用，所以最終會消失。16 BimpressionC influenceDconnection解析：選B。 impression “印象”，指給我們留下了一個未來人不好看的印象。expression “表情；描述”； influence “影響”； connection “聯(lián)系”。17 BperfectC exactDtrue解析：選D。指人類不如以前漂亮這件事是真的。18 BmotivationsC approachesDadjustments解析：選A。 上文提到人在身高、大腦、眼睛、胳膊、手以及頭發(fā)等方面都發(fā)生了變化，故用 change

25、s。19 BTheyC WeDIt解析：選A。此句中用he代替future man（未來的人類）。由不定冠詞 a可知不能選 B。20 BroughC previousDsimilar解析：選 D。be similar to "與相似”，指未來的人和我們在感情和思想上還是相似的。V .閱讀理解Ever dreamed of having a robot servant who would do all the boring housework around the house？ Well mechanized domestic staff have come one step clos

26、er ， thanks to an android（ 機(jī)器人 ）being developed in Japan.Researchers at Tokyo University s JSK Robotics Laboratory have created a humanoid called Kojiro ， who is learning how to copy how we walk.What makes him unique is that he has a skeletal（ 骨骼的 ）structure similar to that of humans ， which means h

27、e moves in a more natural fashion ， and bends and twists by his artificial spine（ 脊柱 ） The team， led by Professor Nakanishi ， said this newly developed spine would allow them to manufacture lighter and more flexible robots in the future to serve in the home.In one scientific paper ， they wrote ： “ N

28、ownormal humanoid robots are not suitable for working in our daily environ ment. ” Lack of safety and versatility（ 多用途 ）is the main reason ； their hard and heavy bodies can hurt humans or surrounding objects，and they can do limited tasks compared with what humans do in daily life.Traditional robots

29、have limbs and torsos（軀干 ）powered by heavy motors at thein Kojiro ， the motors are lightweight and used to pull cables attached to different locations on the copies how our own muscles and tendons（ 腱 ）contract and relax when we move.The skillful system of around 100 such tendon-muscle structures wor

30、k togetherto give Kojiro 60 degrees of humanoid is also made mostly from lightand flexiblematerials ， which would make him less of a danger around the home.The researchers found the most difficult challenge was finding a way to make such a skillful robot walk. “ The system has strong nonlinearity（ 非

31、連續(xù)性）and is hardto model control such a system ， a kind of learning method is needed ，” the team wrote.At present the scientists are testing Kojiro s smaller movements using a games console team plan to slightly improve the computer algorithms（算法 ）that controlthe robot s movements as they go and hope it will one day be able to handle complexmovements using all of its perhaps one day， you will find Kojiro serving youbreakfast in bed.1 What is the text mainly about?A The differences between the tradition robots and the humanoid.B Intr